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Article
Publication date: 15 October 2020

Vicente Jara-Vera and Carmen Sánchez-Ávila

The distribution of natural numbers in the Ulam spiral manifests a series of unexpected regularities of the elusive prime numbers. Their sequencing remains a topic of research…

Abstract

Purpose

The distribution of natural numbers in the Ulam spiral manifests a series of unexpected regularities of the elusive prime numbers. Their sequencing remains a topic of research interest, with many ramifications in different branches of Mathematics, especially in number theory and the prime factorisation problem. Accordingly, the focus of the research is on the most known and widespread asymmetric cryptographic system, that is, the RSA encryption.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper presents the presence of one, two, three or four adjacencies for the diverse primes that appear in a spiral, considering the Hardy–Littlewood twin prime conjecture and the constellations of primes.

Findings

Through equations, the calculation formulas of primes inside a spiral that have one to four primes in their adjacent places is offered, with approximate expressions that facilitate the operations, showing that the adjacencies decrease very rapidly as the spiral progresses, although without disappearing.

Originality/value

A generalisation to cases in which the distances to the prime values change in an ascending way in accordance with the step of the Ulam spiral is offered.

Details

Engineering Computations, vol. 38 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0264-4401

Keywords

Book part
Publication date: 30 November 2016

Robert L. Axtell

Certain elements of Hayek’s work are prominent precursors to the modern field of complex adaptive systems, including his ideas on spontaneous order, his focus on market processes…

Abstract

Certain elements of Hayek’s work are prominent precursors to the modern field of complex adaptive systems, including his ideas on spontaneous order, his focus on market processes, his contrast between designing and gardening, and his own framing of complex systems. Conceptually, he was well ahead of his time, prescient in his formulation of novel ways to think about economies and societies. Technically, the fact that he did not mathematically formalize most of the notions he developed makes his insights hard to incorporate unambiguously into models. However, because so much of his work is divorced from the simplistic models proffered by early mathematical economics, it stands as fertile ground for complex systems researchers today. I suggest that Austrian economists can create a progressive research program by building models of these Hayekian ideas, and thereby gain traction within the economics profession. Instead of mathematical models the suite of techniques and tools known as agent-based computing seems particularly well-suited to addressing traditional Austrian topics like money, business cycles, coordination, market processes, and so on, while staying faithful to the methodological individualism and bottom-up perspective that underpin the entire school of thought.

Details

Revisiting Hayek’s Political Economy
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78560-988-6

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 August 1998

Soucheng OuYang and Yi Lin

In the community of “chaos” theory, a phenomenon, appearing in the study of a modified population evolutionary model, i.e. “one‐dimensional iteration”, under certain restrictions…

Abstract

In the community of “chaos” theory, a phenomenon, appearing in the study of a modified population evolutionary model, i.e. “one‐dimensional iteration”, under certain restrictions, is called “classical chaos”. In fact, the properties of this model can be discussed through the study of mathematical properties of quadratic forms of the first order, for more about this end, see OuYang et al. (1988). Logistic curves are special cases of population models under local conditions. The general characteristics of this model contain blown‐ups, which describe the special characteristic of population evolutions: “things will develop in the opposite direction when at extremes”. The phenomenon called “classical chaos” in the community of “chaos” theory, or Li‐Yorke Theorem in systems science, needs to be reconsidered.

Details

Kybernetes, vol. 27 no. 6/7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0368-492X

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 June 2000

George K. Chako

Briefly reviews previous literature by the author before presenting an original 12 step system integration protocol designed to ensure the success of companies or countries in…

7183

Abstract

Briefly reviews previous literature by the author before presenting an original 12 step system integration protocol designed to ensure the success of companies or countries in their efforts to develop and market new products. Looks at the issues from different strategic levels such as corporate, international, military and economic. Presents 31 case studies, including the success of Japan in microchips to the failure of Xerox to sell its invention of the Alto personal computer 3 years before Apple: from the success in DNA and Superconductor research to the success of Sunbeam in inventing and marketing food processors: and from the daring invention and production of atomic energy for survival to the successes of sewing machine inventor Howe in co‐operating on patents to compete in markets. Includes 306 questions and answers in order to qualify concepts introduced.

Details

Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, vol. 12 no. 2/3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1355-5855

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 January 2006

Jan Emblemsvåg

To show how we can turn cost management practices around and look forward, concentrate on managing risks and costs before they occur.

2374

Abstract

Purpose

To show how we can turn cost management practices around and look forward, concentrate on managing risks and costs before they occur.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper expands my PhD work, which was a synthesis of three major ideas (life‐cycle costing, activity‐based costing and Monte Carlo methods), design of an approach and testing the approach in many real‐life cases. This paper is to show how this method adds utility in strategic cost management.

Findings

My research so far shows that the approach adds the intended value in cost management in general and in strategic cost management in particular.

Research limitations/implications

Since the method has been tested in many settings and rests on well‐tested theory serious limitations are avoided. However, future research should focus on how the method can be simplified and applied in budgeting, i.e. become more operational/tactical.

Practical implications

The main practical implication is that cost management practices need to become less historically oriented and more forward looking so that costs can be eliminated and not just reported. How this can be achieved is shown in practical application.

Originality/value

Both researchers and practitioners can benefit from this paper in that they can see how the merger of Monte Carlo methods, life‐cycle costing and activity‐based costing reduce the need for accurate numbers and improve the quality of cost management in general.

Details

Handbook of Business Strategy, vol. 7 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1077-5730

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 22 November 2011

Fei Chen, Kosuke Sekiyama, Jian Huang, Baiqing Sun, Hironobu Sasaki and Toshio Fukuda

The purpose of this paper is to propose a model of assembly strategy generation and selection for human and robot coordinated (HRC) cell assembly. High‐Mix, Low‐Volume production…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to propose a model of assembly strategy generation and selection for human and robot coordinated (HRC) cell assembly. High‐Mix, Low‐Volume production in small production manufacturing industry, tends to employ more flexible assembly cells. The authors propose innovative human and robot coordinated assembly cells to solve the problem of persistent growing cost for human resources and occasional changes in programs and configurations for robots. The first issue is to find out an optimal way to allocate the assembly subtasks to both humans and robots.

Design/methodology/approach

A dual Generalized Stochastic Petri Net (GSPN) model is theoretically studied and then off line built based on a practical assembly task for human and robot coordination. Based on GSPN, Monte Carlo method is carried out to study the time cost and payment cost or possible strategies, and Multiple‐Objective Optimization (MOOP) method related Cost‐effectiveness analysis is adopted to select the optimal ones.

Findings

It is discovered that human and robot coordinated assembly can reduce the assembly time and meanwhile reduce the assembly cost. The authors demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach by comparing the simulation and experimental results.

Originality/value

The novelty with this work is that the human and robot coordinated flexible assembly cell, as the authors proved, is the main stream in small production in future due to the higher human source pressure from society and cost pressure upon the company. Based on this innovative work, the authors proposed a dual GSPN model to model the assembly task allocation process for human and robot, the model of which is also effective in modeling the possible robot and human behaviors.

Details

International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics, vol. 4 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1756-378X

Keywords

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