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This study bibliometrically describes and depicts the intellectual structure and knowledge progress of CSR studies in the banking industry.

Bibliometric analysis is used to quantitatively examine the bibliographic data that gathered from Scopus database. The evaluative and relational techniques are employed to produce the findings and mappings for research themes, impact and directions, as well as collaboration trends. A topical classification is also included to review the results of different types of analysis.

This study discusses how the CSR literature in the banking industry has evolved between 2009 and 2019. The publications increase significantly from 2015 to 2019 and the top journals, authors, affiliations and countries are identified. Stakeholder, disclosure, financial performance, Islamic banks, corporate governance and international banks are among the popular research and collaboration trends found in the extant literature. Reflecting on the arguments in the previous literature, several key research gaps and further suggestions are acknowledged for future studies.

The bibliographic data used in this study bounds to Scopus database and the methodology itself suffers a few limitations, which integration of other methodologies will be worthwhile to unearth the field beyond the current discovery.

This study is beneficial to potential researchers, scientific journal editors, and bankers to understand the current research progression and evolution within CSR field in the banking sector.

Compared to the existing bibliometric literature, this study is among the pioneer wide-ranging bibliometrics study covering co-word, citation, bibliographic coupling, co-authorship and co-citation for CSR research in the banking sector.

The purpose of this study aims to empirically examine the corporate social responsibility disclosure (CSRD) levels of conventional and Islamic banks in Malaysia. Additionally, as Malaysian banks have different shareholding patterns that are more highly concentrated than those in the developed economies, this study also investigates the impact of ownership concentration on CSRD in both types of banks.

This study employs hand-collected corporate social responsibility (CSR) data from the annual and sustainability reports of 21 conventional banks and 16 Islamic banks in Malaysia during 2010–2017. The data are then run using the pooled ordinary least square (OLS) with robust standard errors and robust regressions models together with all possible factors determining CSRD in the banking sector.

This study discovers that Islamic banks disclose a higher level of total CSRD than their conventional counterparts after controlling a number of important determinants of CSRD. These results remain consistent for four different dimensions of CSRD, i.e. employees, communities, environment and products and services. In relation to the impact of ownership concentration on CSRD level, the results show that high ownership concentration reduces the level of CSRD by Malaysian banks. However, in an additional interaction test, the result exhibits a complementary relationship between Islamic banks and ownership concentration in influencing CSRD level.

This study finds that the principle of Islamic accountability has been internalised by Islamic banks, and shaped them to put equal emphasis on the disclosure of CSR practices and the financial information disclosure.

It is recommended for all banks to ensure the integration of a more comprehensive ethical system, such as theological ethical values in every aspect of their business activities. The findings from this study also highlight the necessity for the central bank to increase their monitoring role, especially towards banks with a more concentrated ownership structure by limiting the size of shareholdings by any particular types of owners.

Only a few studies have compared CSR practices between these two types of banks, and most of them are descriptive and qualitative in nature. This study is the first that uses a robust model with a high R-squared value, which control for all possible factors determining CSRD in the banking sector.

This paper aims to discuss and explore the unique agency issues in Islamic banks which give rise to different agency conflicts exist in Islamic banks as compared to conventional banks. In addition, this paper critically examines agency theory in Islamic banking perspective by incorporating Islamic ethical considerations in the principal–agent setting.

This is a conceptual paper, and the discussions revolve around the review of literature of which important sources have been cited in a way that demonstrates a reasonable understanding of the topic. It attempts to create a discourse around the inclusion of Islamic ethical system in understanding the governance structure of Islamic banks.

This paper concludes that Islamic ethical system embedded in the Islamic banks business activities shapes Islamic banks into organisations that place higher ethical considerations than conventional banks. Therefore, Islamic banks are likely to have less severe agency problems relative to their conventional counterparts.

Because of the chosen research approach, the research results may lack generalisability. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to test the proposed propositions further.

As the discourse generated by the paper, it can ultimately enhance the understanding of Islamic governance structure in the perspective of agency issues.

As the discourse generated by the paper, it can ultimately enhance the understanding of Islamic governance structure in the perspective of agency issues.

The paper attempts to bring to attention the important aspect of principal–agent relationship within the Islamic banking structures and explain the role of incorporating Islamic ethical system in enhancing the understanding of the principal–agent relationship.