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This paper aims to propose the need for soft and flexible sensors that actually measure the turning angle and torque of a joint. Conventional rigid angular/torque sensors have compatibility issues in wearable applications due to its bulkiness, non-compliance and high rigidity.

The sensing element of the sensor is based on carbon black (CB)/Ecoflex composite, deposited via extrusion printing technique. A simple finite element analysis was used to explain the non-linearity and non-symmetricity behaviours of the sensor.

This prototype can measure the angular rotation up to ±180° and a maximum torque value of 0.6 Nm. The geometry of the printed CB/Ecoflex composite as piezoresistive trace has a significant effect on the output (resistance change) response.

This research explored an extrusion printing techniques that allow customization to construct a soft piezoresistive strain sensor, which can be used as an angular/torque sensor.

Discusses the 27 papers in ISEF 1999 Proceedings on the subject of electromagnetisms. States the groups of papers cover such subjects within the discipline as: induction machines; reluctance motors; PM motors; transformers and reactors; and special problems and applications. Debates all of these in great detail and itemizes each with greater in‐depth discussion of the various technical applications and areas. Concludes that the recommendations made should be adhered to.

This paper aims to deal with the development of a novel lower limb exoskeleton to assist disabled people in stair ascending.

For this purpose, a novel design of a mixture of motors and cables has been proposed for users to wear them easily and show the application of the system in stair climbing.

One of the prominences of this study is the provided robot design where four joints are actuated with only two motors; each motor actuates either the knees or ankles. Another advantage of the designed system is that with motors placed in a backpack, the knee braces can be worn under clothes to be concealed. Finally, the system performance is evaluated using electromyography (EMG) signals showing 28 per cent reduction in energy consumption of related muscles.

This investigation deals with the development of a novel lower limb exoskeleton to assist disabled people in stair ascending.