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Book part
Publication date: 4 December 2009

Xuan Van Tran and Arch G. Woodside

People have unconscious motives which affects their decision-making and associated behavior. The paper describes a study using thematic apperception test (TAT) to measure how…

Abstract

People have unconscious motives which affects their decision-making and associated behavior. The paper describes a study using thematic apperception test (TAT) to measure how unconscious motives influence travelers' interpretations and preferences toward alternative tours and hotels. Using the TAT, the present study explores the relationships between three unconscious needs: (1) achievement, (2) affiliation, and (3) power and preferences for four package tours (adventure, culture, business, and escape tours) and for seven hotel identities (quality, familiarity, location, price, friendliness, food and beverage, and cleanliness and aesthetics). The present study conducts canonical correlation analyses to examine the relationships between unconscious needs and preferences for package tours and hotel identities using data from 467 university students. The study scores 2,438 stories according to the TAT manual to identify unconscious needs. The findings indicate that (1) people with a high need for affiliation prefer an experience based on cultural values and hotels that are conveniently located, (2) individuals with a high need for power indicate a preference for high prices and good value for their money, and (3) people with a high need for achievement prefer a travel experience with adventure as a motivation. The study findings are consistent with previous research of McClelland (1990), Wilson (2002), and Woodside et al. (2008) in exploring impacts of the unconscious levels of human need.

Details

Perspectives on Cross-Cultural, Ethnographic, Brand Image, Storytelling, Unconscious Needs, and Hospitality Guest Research
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-84950-604-5

Article
Publication date: 4 June 2019

Ali Hassani and Sedigheh Moghavvemi

Many studies have examined the influence of travel motivation on destination preferences; however, little is known about Muslim tourists’ leisure travel behaviour. This study aims…

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Abstract

Purpose

Many studies have examined the influence of travel motivation on destination preferences; however, little is known about Muslim tourists’ leisure travel behaviour. This study aims to examine the influence of travel motivation on destination preferences using the moderating effect of religiosity from the perspective of Iranian and Malay Muslims.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from 422 Malay and Iranian Muslim students using a purposive sampling technique, and later analyzed using Amos.

Findings

Results indicated that generic, Islamic and non-Islamic motivational factors influence social, religious and hedonic avoidance travel preferences. Muslims who are motivated by generic and non-Islamic motivations avoid travels to destinations with the presence of Islamic service and products, while those who are motivated by religious factors prefer destinations with Islamic attributes.

Originality/value

The results of this study highlight the importance of Islamic-related features in destinations for Muslim tourists.

Details

Journal of Islamic Marketing, vol. 11 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1759-0833

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 6 January 2023

Wenyi Cheng, Ruwen Tian and Dickson K.W. Chiu

As independent travel has become increasingly popular in recent years, factors influencing users’ attitudes and behaviors should be explored. Besides, the rise of video platforms…

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Abstract

Purpose

As independent travel has become increasingly popular in recent years, factors influencing users’ attitudes and behaviors should be explored. Besides, the rise of video platforms like YouTube, Bilibili and TikTok has led to the flourishing of user generated content (UGC), among which travel vlogs have become convenient and essential references for tourists before and while they travel on their own.

Design/methodology/approach

This research used quantitative analysis through a survey designed for young people, as most vlog viewers are in those age groups, to explore the attitudes and perceptions of vlog preference, attitudes and cognizance of travel vlogs among different gender, guided by the decision-making theory and preference theory with 455 participants.

Findings

Survey results showed that both genders have common choices regarding travel vlog preference, attitudes, sharing and cognizance. Yet, gender differences appear in some cognition of travel vlogs and specific preferences, such as information searching habits, trusty travel and information sources.

Originality/value

Existing studies focus on the influence of platforms on users, but scant studies focus on user perceptions of vlogs as a new information carrier for young people in East Asia, especially regarding gender differences, which is crucial in media-based marketing. This research provides practical suggestions to marketers and vloggers to attract and engage different genders of young people and theoretical implications on decision and preference theories.

Details

Aslib Journal of Information Management, vol. 76 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2050-3806

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 11 September 2021

Neha Yadav, Sanjeev Verma and Rekha D. Chikhalkar

This study aims to examine the moderated-mediation impact of consumer involvement and destination preference on travel intentions. Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) and elaboration…

2641

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to examine the moderated-mediation impact of consumer involvement and destination preference on travel intentions. Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) and elaboration likelihood model (ELM) guided the conceptual framework of this study.

Design/methodology/approach

Churchill’s (1979) guidelines instrumentalize the scientific development and validation of measurement scales for data collection. The authors used higher-order multivariate analyzes such as structural equation modeling (SEM) and the Hayes process model for evaluating the hypotheses. The study uses Bauer et al. (2006) method to assess the conditional indirect effects of Electronic word of mouth (eWOM) on travel intention through destination preference at varying levels of consumer involvement.

Findings

SOR and ELM model successfully explained the moderated-mediation effect of eWOM, consumer involvement and destination preference in influencing the travel intentions. Results broaden the applicability of SOR and ELM in tourism marketing. Results indicate that consumer involvement moderated the direct and indirect influence of eWOM on travel intention via destination preference, such that the eWOM influence in shaping travel intention is stronger for highly involved consumers.

Research limitations/implications

The present study broadens the applicability of integrated SOR and ELM models to explain the moderated-mediation network between eWOM and travel intentions. Study findings offer new avenues to tourism marketers for the magnified effect of eWOM for promoting tourism. Tourism marketers may use customer journeys to build destination preference through organic information exchange with prospective travelers. Future researchers and practitioners can build prescriptive and predictive models based on altered levels of consumer involvement.

Originality/value

Present study pioneers in examining the interactive effect of moderated mediation network of consumer involvement and destination preference in shaping the travel intention. Grounded in SOR and ELM model, the present study is a trailblazer to offer the integrated moderated-mediation model between eWOM, destination preference, consumer involvement and travel intention.

电子口碑、目的地偏好和消费者参与 – 刺激-机体-响应 (SOR) 视角

目的

本研究考察了消费者参与和目的地偏好对旅行意图的适度中介影响。刺激-有机体-响应 (SOR) 和精细化可能性模型 (ELM) 指导了本研究的概念框架。

设计/方法/方法

Churchill (1979) 指南将科学发展和数据收集测量尺度的验证工具化。我们使用高阶多元分析, 如结构方程模型 (SEM) 和 Hayes 过程模型来评估假设。该研究使用 Bauer et al. (2006) 的方法来评估 eWOM 通过不同消费者参与水平的目的地偏好对旅行意愿的条件间接影响。

发现

SOR 和 ELM 模型成功解释了 eWOM、消费者参与和目的地偏好在影响旅行意图方面的调节中介效应。结果拓宽了 SOR 和 ELM 在旅游营销中的适用性。结果表明, 消费者参与通过目的地偏好调节了 eWOM 对旅行意愿的直接和间接影响, 因此对于高度参与的消费者而言, eWOM 在塑造旅行意愿方面的影响更强。

理论/实践意义

本研究扩大了综合 SOR 和 ELM 模型的适用性, 以解释 eWOM 和旅行意图之间的调节中介网络。研究结果为旅游营销人员提供了新的途径, 以扩大电子口碑对促进旅游业的影响。旅游营销人员可以通过与潜在旅行者的有机信息交换, 利用客户旅程来建立目的地偏好。未来的研究人员和从业者可以根据消费者参与程度的变化建立规范和预测模型。

独创性/价值

目前的研究先驱在检验消费者参与和目的地偏好的调节中介网络在塑造旅行意图方面的交互作用。本研究以 SOR 和 ELM 模型为基础, 是提供 eWOM、目的地偏好、消费者参与和旅行意图之间的综合调节中介模型的开拓者。

关键词 – 目的地偏好、eWOM、旅行意图、消费者参与度、SOR 模型、ELM 模型

eWOM, preferencia de destino y participación del consumidor: una lente de estímulo-organismo-respuesta (SOR)

Resumen

Propósito

el presente estudio examina el impacto de la mediación moderada de la participación del consumidor y la preferencia de destino en las intenciones de viaje. Estímulo-Organismo-Respuesta (SOR) y Modelo de probabilidad de elaboración (ELM) guiaron el marco conceptual de este estudio.

Diseño/metodología/enfoque

las directrices de Churchill (1979) instrumentalizan el desarrollo científico y la validación de escalas de medición para la recopilación de datos. Usamos análisis multivariados de orden superior como el modelado de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM) y el modelo de proceso de Hayes para evaluar las hipótesis. El estudio utiliza el método de Bauer et al. (2006) para evaluar los efectos indirectos condicionales de eWOM sobre la intención de viaje a través de la preferencia de destino en diferentes niveles de participación del consumidor.

Hallazgos

los modelos SOR y ELM explicaron con éxito el efecto de mediación moderada de eWOM, la participación del consumidor y la preferencia de destino para influir en las intenciones de viaje. Los resultados amplían la aplicabilidad de SOR y ELM en el marketing turístico. Los resultados indican que la participación de los consumidores moderó la influencia directa e indirecta de eWOM en la intención de viaje a través de la preferencia de destino, de modo que la influencia de eWOM en la configuración de la intención de viaje es más fuerte para los consumidores altamente involucrados.

Implicaciones teóricas/practices

el presente estudio amplía la aplicabilidad de los modelos integrados de SOR y ELM para explicar la red de mediación moderada entre eWOM y las intenciones de viaje. Los resultados del estudio ofrecen nuevas vías a los comercializadores del turismo para el efecto magnificado de eWOM para promover el turismo. Los especialistas en marketing de turismo pueden utilizar el recorrido del cliente para crear preferencias de destino a través del intercambio de información orgánica con posibles viajeros. Los futuros investigadores y profesionales pueden construir modelos prescriptivos y predictivos basados en el nivel alterado de participación del consumidor.

Originalidad/valor

el presente estudio es pionero en examinar el efecto interactivo de la red de mediación moderada de la participación del consumidor y la preferencia de destino en la configuración de la intención de viaje. Basado en el modelo SOR y ELM, el presente estudio es un pionero en ofrecer el modelo integrado de mediación moderada entre eWOM, preferencia de destino, participación del consumidor e intención de viaje.

Article
Publication date: 7 December 2021

Iddrisu Mohammed, Alexander Preko, Azizbek Allaberganov and Tachie-Eyiah Yaw Thomas

The literature has acknowledged the importance of diaspora studies because of the influx of funds into the local economy, including the tourism and hospitality sector. However…

Abstract

Purpose

The literature has acknowledged the importance of diaspora studies because of the influx of funds into the local economy, including the tourism and hospitality sector. However, little empirical research appears to be known about the subject matter, principally within the developing country perspective. This study aims to respond to research calls by investigating the impact of diasporic cultural heritage, family heritage on travel preference of West African Indian migrant visitors to their homeland.

Design/methodology/approach

This research is guided by the theory of acculturation. A quantitative data were gathered from a sample of 312 diasporas, and the regression analysis was used to analyze the data.

Findings

The study finds that cultural heritage and family heritage have positive and significant impact on travel preference of migrant visitors to their homeland. Further analysis of the independent sample t-test reveals a significant difference between Indian Ghanaians and Ghanaian Indians in their thought of cultural heritage. However, no significant differences were found in the Indian Ghanaian and Ghanaian Indian’s family heritage and travel preference to their homeland.

Research limitations/implications

This study is destination-specific of Indian migrant visitors. The application of the study’s outcome to other diaspora would demand a larger sample size for generalization to be made. The study offers compelling insights on cultural heritage, family heritage and travel preference to marketing a diaspora tourism site.

Originality/value

The study expands the application of the theory of acculturation within the diaspora literature and establishes that integration and separation strategies of the theory explain the positive interests of the migrant visitors’ traveling preference to their homeland.

Details

Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, vol. 6 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2514-9792

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 November 2007

Claudia Möller, Klaus Weiermair and Eva Wintersberger

As the population of the western world is aging, the importance of seniors for the tourism economy is growing. Seniors are expected to be an important future market. Thus overall…

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Abstract

Purpose

As the population of the western world is aging, the importance of seniors for the tourism economy is growing. Seniors are expected to be an important future market. Thus overall leisure behaviour in general, and travel and tourism behaviour in particular, are analysed for the example of the Austrian market.

Design methodology/approach

A focus group was conducted with participants aged 55+, where their leisure and travel habits as well as preferences were investigated.

Findings

The results showed that leisure and travelling played a major role in the participants’ lives. Additionally, the participants did not change their travel behaviour considerably when entering retirement status. While they changed their preferences to longer stays and to travelling off‐season, their preferences considering holiday destinations, mode of transport or distance of travel did not change significantly. The assumption that travel behaviour and travel preferences are acquired over a longer time span during the life of tourists and will therefore not change considerably when retiring can be confirmed for the participants of the focus group.

Research limitations/implications

It can be concluded that future senior tourists will differ from today’s travelling seniors in their travel behaviour and their preferences. A larger sample and more detailed research concerning the actual motivation and preferences of Austrian holiday travellers, as well as the factors influencing them, are necessary in order to be able to react adequately to future demands of senior tourists.

Originality/value

The paper contributes to a better understanding of the importance of and attitude towards leisure and tourism in the growing senior market. Based on the results of a focus group, it serves as a basis for further research in the field.

Details

Tourism Review, vol. 62 no. 3/4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1660-5373

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 2 October 2017

Wei Wei and Asli D.A. Tasci

Although experiential consumption has received some attention from tourism and hospitality researchers in the past decade, the profile of experiential consumers has not been…

Abstract

Purpose

Although experiential consumption has received some attention from tourism and hospitality researchers in the past decade, the profile of experiential consumers has not been discussed thus far. The purpose of this paper is thus twofold: to test the sociodemographic antecedents of experiential versus utilitarian consumption for profiling purposes and to examine the potential behavioral consequences of experiential versus utilitarian consumption tendencies.

Design/methodology/approach

On an online research platform, 413 respondents answered questions concerning logic-based/emotion-based decision-making traits, as well as sociodemographic characteristics and several travel behavior variables.

Findings

Data revealed that emotion-based decision makers are more likely to be females, who are more passionate about their travel needs than are logic-based decision makers. Results also revealed that the importance that emotion-based decision makers place on travel preferences, potential travel risks and travel information sources is higher than that of their logic-based counterparts.

Research limitations/implications

The current study used one personality trait, emotion-based decision-making, as a proxy for experiential consumption. There are other potentially explanatory traits that should be investigated in future studies.

Practical implications

Destination marketing organizations (DMOs) promoting destinations with historical and cultural attractions can capitalize on the finding that these attractions are highly demanded by both types of decision makers, whereas DMOs of man-made attraction destinations may need to find ways to embellish the significance of these attractions for both types of decision makers.

Social implications

Even though social risk was the lowest-rated item in general, both decision-making traits were highly correlated with social risk. The higher the tendency in the decision-making style, either logic-based or emotion-based, the more important how a trip would make them look within their social circle. Social risk concerns for both types of decision makers should be addressed in marketing messages.

Originality/value

The current study represents one of the earliest attempts to draw a picture of experiential consumers in comparison with utilitarian consumers in sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics.

Details

International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, vol. 11 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1750-6182

Keywords

Book part
Publication date: 29 November 2018

Oliver Cruz-Milan

One of the most well-known, seminal models in the tourism marketing field is the one proposed more than 40 years ago by Stanley Plog. His venturesomeness model has been widely…

Abstract

One of the most well-known, seminal models in the tourism marketing field is the one proposed more than 40 years ago by Stanley Plog. His venturesomeness model has been widely cited in journal articles, textbooks, and has also been used as a reference for planning and designing tourism marketing projects. However, empirical research on Plog’s psychographic model has yielded varied, inconclusive results, and the postulates of his conceptual framework are still subject to academic scrutiny. While some empirical investigations have corroborated the model, others have found partial or no support for it. Therefore, the purpose of this chapter is to offer an exhaustive review of 26 studies in the literature which have employed Plog´s venturesomeness concept to examine travellers’ personality traits, attitudes, and behaviour, as a way to synthetise empirical findings and draw conclusions from the cumulative results. A discussion of the model’s contribution to the current body of knowledge and managerial implications for tourism marketing practitioners are presented.

Book part
Publication date: 16 January 2024

Oliver Cruz-Milán

One of the most well-known, seminal models in the tourism field is the one proposed 50 years ago by Stanley C. Plog. His venturesomeness model has been widely cited in journal…

Abstract

One of the most well-known, seminal models in the tourism field is the one proposed 50 years ago by Stanley C. Plog. His venturesomeness model has been widely cited in journal articles, textbooks, and has also been used as a reference for planning and designing tourism marketing projects. However, empirical research using Plog's psychographics has yielded varied results, some of which have corroborated his model, while others have found partial or no support for some postulates. Therefore, the purpose of this chapter is to offer an exhaustive review of 47 studies in the literature which have employed Plog's venturesomeness concept to examine travelers' personality traits, attitudes, and behavior, synthetizing empirical findings and drawing conclusions from the cumulative results. A discussion of the model's contribution to the current body of knowledge, managerial implications for tourism practitioners, and directions for future research are presented.

Details

Tourism Planning and Destination Marketing, 2nd Edition
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-80455-888-1

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 17 June 2021

Ioulia Poulaki and Ioannis A. Nikas

COVID-19 pandemic crisis has led the scientific community in continuous efforts to estimate its impact on tourism. UNWTO predictions indicated a decline in international tourist…

Abstract

Purpose

COVID-19 pandemic crisis has led the scientific community in continuous efforts to estimate its impact on tourism. UNWTO predictions indicated a decline in international tourist arrivals and the respective loss in revenues generated by tourist activity for the first year of the pandemic. Undoubtedly, such an impact may not be the same for every country, especially on a domestic level. In fact, the recovery process upon COVID-19 suggests domestic tourism as the driving force. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the tourist behavioral intentions after the first outbreak of COVID-19 with evidence from the Greek market.

Design/methodology/approach

A primary survey with questionnaires distributed via online channels (email and social media) has been undertaken to focus on the travelers’ preferences when it comes to the main parts that compose the holiday travel (destination, transport mode, accommodation type). Additionally, there were questions regard to their perceptions on the international norms of health protection against the virus.

Findings

The results of the survey illustrate some prima facie evidence of tourist behavioral intentions of Greeks, upon a statistical analysis, which indicates preference in domestic tourism and personalized services, issues related with travel costs and health safety awareness, toward tourism recovery process and customers’ reengagement and trust to the tourism businesses and destinations.

Originality/value

As Greece is a popular destination that includes a plethora of tourism cities, this paper illustrates the intentions of Greeks toward tourism activity upon pandemic crisis, when it comes to their travel preferences, as well as their perceptions on health and safety protocols applied in destinations and tourism businesses.

Details

International Journal of Tourism Cities, vol. 7 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2056-5607

Keywords

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