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This study aims to explore families that travel with children, as focuses on vulnerabilities, resource constraints and service exclusion through the lens of transformative service research (TSR). This paper investigates: how the experienced vulnerability of these families is shaped by structural, interpersonal and intrapersonal constraints, and how the constraints influence the family tourist-resource interaction in the air travel service encounter.

In total, 2,855 reviews of the family tourists with children were analyzed with text mining, t-test and multidimensional scaling using the interpretive language R to answer the research questions with analyses on unstructured (e.g. text) and structured (e.g. consumer rating) data.

The findings of the empirical investigation answered how experienced vulnerability is shaped by structural, interpersonal and intrapersonal resource constraints and the types of family tourist-resource interaction in the travel service encounter to understand the resource constraints. The findings of this paper help examine family tourism experiences from a value formation perspective to unfold how stakeholders interact to form value while increasing and decreasing their well-being by the value of co-creation and co-destruction.

This research helps advance the TSR’s service inclusion framework by enabling opportunities, offering choice, relieving suffering and fostering happiness with empirical findings in travel service encounters. These findings are particularly insightful to family tourists with children struggling with unfair access and treatment in aeromobility service encounters, which may help enhance the well-being of individuals and communities.

This study aims to explore the heterogeneity of the tourist market for people with a physical disability (PwPD) based on travel barriers, to serve them better, from a tourism marketing perspective.

A market segmentation analysis was conducted on a sample of 480 PwPD in Sichuan Province, China, based on their perceived travel barriers. Data were obtained through three on-site and four online surveys. A four-step factor-item mixed segmentation, including factor analysis, cluster analysis, discriminant analysis and chi-square tests, was applied to examine the differences among PwPD tourist market segments in terms of various demographic characteristics, disability conditions (e.g. duration of disabilities and causes of impairment) and travel features (e.g. travel frequency and tourist destinations).

This study revealed that the PwPD tourist market is heterogeneous due to individual perceived travel barriers. Three market segments were identified, namely, the Explorer Moderates group, the Explorer Minimals group and the Explorer Intensives group. Additionally, the three market segments were found to have significant differences in terms of travel barriers, demographic characteristics, travel features and disability conditions.

This research provides suggestions for authorities and private entities to optimize the layout of accessible facilities in public areas for the benefit of all. It also offers crucial implications for tourism marketers to determine the key facets of marketing, for travel organizers to evolve the organization of travel groups for PwPD, and for practitioners to provide personalized tourism services.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to apply perceived travel barriers as a market segmentation criterion in understanding PwPD as a heterogeneous travel market. The findings of this study initially expand the scope of application of the travel barrier model and deepen understanding of the Chinese PwPD tourist market from a marketing perspective. The study results elucidated the heterogeneity and characteristics of this market through a four-step factor-item mixed segmentation approach, offering new insights into the behaviors and experiences of travelers with disabilities.

本研究旨在探索肢体残障人士旅游市场的异质性, 以便从旅游营销的角度更好地为他们服务。

基于对中国四川480名肢残人士出游障碍感知的问卷调查, 探索了肢残人士的旅游市场细分。数据是通过七次现场和在线调查获得; 采用四步因子-项目混合细分法, 根据残障状况、人口统计特征和旅游特征, 识别出肢残群体旅游细分市场之间的差异。

研究发现, 基于个体感知的出游障碍, 肢残群体旅游市场是异质的, 研究确定了三个细分市场, 即低度、中度和高度受限群体。三个细分市场在出行障碍、人口特征、出游特征和残障状况方面存在显著差异。

这项研究有助于政府管理部门优化公共区域无障碍设施布局; 旅游营销者确定营销的重点, 并为旅游组织者设计肢残旅游团体成员构成, 以及从业者提供个性化旅游服务提供重要的启示。

论文首次将感知出游障碍作为市场细分标准, 用以理解肢残群体作为异质游客市场。本研究的发现拓展了出游障碍模型的应用范围, 并从市场营销的角度加深了对中国肢残游客市场的理解。研究结果通过四步因子-项目混合细分方法阐明了该市场的异质性和特点, 为肢残游客的行为和体验研究提供了新见解。

Este estudio explora la heterogeneidad del mercado turístico de las personas con discapacidad física (PcDF) en función de las barreras percibidas para viajar, con el fin de prestarles un mejor servicio desde una perspectiva de marketing turístico.

Se realizó un análisis de segmentación de mercado en una muestra de 480 PcDF en Sichuan, China, en función de las barreras que percibían para viajar. Los datos se obtuvieron a través de tres encuestas in situ y cuatro encuestas en línea. Se aplicó una segmentación mixta factor-ítem de cuatro pasos que incluye análisis factorial, análisis de conglomerados, análisis discriminante y pruebas de chi-cuadrado para examinar las diferencias entre los segmentos del mercado turístico de PcDF, en términos de diversas características demográficas, condiciones de discapacidad (por ejemplo, duración de la discapacidad, causas de la discapacidad) y características de los viajes (por ejemplo, frecuencia de viaje, destinos turísticos).

Este estudio reveló que el mercado turístico de las PcDF es heterogéneo debido a las barreras de viaje percibidas por cada individuo. Se identificaron tres segmentos de mercado, a saber, el grupo de Exploradores Moderados, el grupo de Exploradores Mínimos y el grupo de Exploradores Intensivos. Los tres segmentos de mercado presentaban diferencias significativas en cuanto a las barreras para viajar, las características demográficas, las características del viaje y las condiciones de discapacidad.

Este estudio es el primero en aplicar las barreras percibidas para viajar como criterio de segmentación de mercado para comprender a las PcDF como un mercado turístico heterogéneo. Los hallazgos de este estudio amplían inicialmente el ámbito de aplicación del modelo de barreras para viajar y profundizan en la comprensión del mercado turístico chino de PcDF desde una perspectiva de marketing. Los resultados de nuestro estudio explicaron la heterogeneidad y las características de este mercado a través de un enfoque de segmentación mixta factor-ítem de cuatro pasos, contribuyendo a la literatura sobre el comportamiento y las experiencias de los viajeros con discapacidad.

Esta investigación proporciona sugerencias para que las autoridades y las entidades privadas puedan optimizar la disposición de instalaciones accesibles en zonas públicas en beneficio de todos. También ofrece implicaciones importantes a los comercializadores turísticos para que determinen aspectos clave del marketing, a los organizadores de viajes para que evolucionen en la organización de grupos de viaje para PcDF y a los profesionales para que presten servicios turísticos personalizados.

This study uncovers how government interventions, in terms of stringency and support, shape coronavirus disease 2019's (COVID-19) detrimental impact on organizations' performance. Specifically, this paper studies whether stringency and support play complementary or substitutive roles in lowering COVID-19's impact on organizations' performance.

The authors gathered primary data from USA manufacturing companies and combined this with secondary data from the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT) to test the proposed model with structural equation modeling (SEM).

The results show that the stringency approach increases the detrimental impact on both operational and financial performance, while economic support (to households) and fiscal spending (to organizations) work differently on lowering the impacts of COVID-19. Further, these combinative effects only influence the firm's operational performance, albeit in opposite directions.

This study advances the knowledge of government interventions by examining stringency and support's direct and interaction effects on firm performance as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings contribute to the literature by uncovering the unique roles of both supportive policies, thus differentiating economic support (to individuals/households) from fiscal spending (to organizations) and providing important academic, managerial and policy insights into how government should best initiate and blend stringency and support policies during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This study investigated the travel intentions (TIs) of Chinese travelers and their utilization of virtual tourism technology during the Zero COVID-19 policy period by using a stimulus-organism-response (SOR) model. The study specifically examines the interplay between knowledge of policy, perception of risk, TI, usage of virtual tourism technology (UVTT) and the mediating role of personal values.

The data were collected from 333 Chinese travelers through an online questionnaire, and structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to test the proposed hypotheses.

The study suggests that knowledge of policy and risk perception increase changes in personal values (PVs), which, in turn, affect Chinese travelers' TIs and the UVTT, with PVs playing a mediating role. Risk perception has a positive effect on the UVTT.

This study highlights the positive impact of tourism policy knowledge and risk awareness on individual values as a stimulus. Stakeholders need to implement industry-specific policies that are in line with scientific developments. Tourism managers should prioritize understanding the psychological reactions of tourists in crises and provide support to mitigate negative emotions. Anticipating changes in PVs is crucial, as instability affects tourists' behavior. The findings of the study also provide valuable insights for technology designers and underscore the substitutability of virtual technologies in improving the tourism experience.

This study is the first to examine the mediating role of PVs in the relationship between knowledge of policy, tourism risk perception (TRP), TI and the UVTT based on the SOR model. The insights gained from this analysis can assist policymakers and tourism managers in understanding the psychological changes of tourists, thereby facilitating the development of appropriate tourism planning.

This study aims to predict overnight stays in Italy at tourist accommodation facilities through a nonlinear, single factor, stochastic model called CIR#. The contribution of this study is twofold: in terms of forecast accuracy and in terms of parsimony (both from the perspective of the data and the complexity of the modeling), especially when a regular pattern in the time series is disrupted. This study shows that the CIR# not only performs better than the considered baseline models but also has a much lower error than other additional models or approaches reported in the literature.

Typically, tourism demand tends to follow regular trends, such as low and high seasons on a quarterly/monthly level and weekends and holidays on a daily level. The data set consists of nights spent in Italy at tourist accommodation establishments as collected on a monthly basis by Eurostat before and during the COVID-19 pandemic breaking regular patterns.

Traditional tourism demand forecasting models may face challenges when massive amounts of search intensity indices are adopted as tourism demand indicators. In addition, given the importance of accurate forecasts, many studies have proposed novel hybrid models or used various combinations of methods. Thus, although there are clear benefits in adopting more complex approaches, the risk is that of dealing with unwieldy models. To demonstrate how this approach can be fruitfully extended to tourism, the accuracy of the CIR# is tested by using standard metrics such as root mean squared errors, mean absolute errors, mean absolute percentage error or average relative mean squared error.

The CIR# model is notably simpler than other models found in literature and does not rely on black box techniques such as those used in neural network (NN) or data science-based models. The carried analysis suggests that the CIR# model outperforms other reference predictions in terms of statistical significance of the error.

The proposed model stands out for being a viable option to the Holt–Winters (HW) model, particularly when dealing with irregular data.

The proposed model has demonstrated superiority even when compared to other models in the literature, and it can be especially useful for tourism stakeholders when making decisions in the presence of disruptions in data patterns.

The novelty lies in the fact that the proposed model is a valid alternative to the HW, especially when the data are not regular. In addition, compared to many existing models in the literature, the CIR# model is notably simpler and more transparent, avoiding the “black box” nature of NN and data science-based models.

一般来说, 旅游需求往往遵循规律的趋势, 例如季度/月的淡季和旺季, 以及日常的周末和假期。该数据集包括欧盟统计局在打破常规模式的2019冠状病毒病大流行之前和期间每月收集的在意大利旅游住宿设施度过的夜晚。

本研究旨在通过一个名为cir#的非线性单因素随机模型来预测意大利游客住宿设施的过夜住宿情况。这项研究的贡献是双重的:在预测准确性方面和在简洁方面(从数据和建模复杂性的角度来看), 特别是当时间序列中的规则模式被打乱时。我们表明, cir#不仅比考虑的基线模型表现更好, 而且比文献中报告的其他模型或方法具有更低的误差。

当大量搜索强度指标被作为旅游需求指标时, 传统的旅游需求预测模型将面临挑战。此外, 鉴于准确预测的重要性, 许多研究提出了新的混合模型或使用各种方法的组合。因此, 尽管采用更复杂的方法有明显的好处, 但风险在于处理难使用的模型。为了证明这种方法能有效地扩展到旅游业, 使用RMSE、MAE、MAPE或AvgReIMSE等标准指标来测试cir#的准确性。

cir#模型明显比文献中发现的其他模型简单, 并且不依赖于黑盒技术, 例如在神经网络或基于数据科学的模型中使用的技术。所进行的分析表明, cir#模型在误差的统计显著性方面优于其他参考预测。

这个模型作为Holt-Winters模型的一个拟议模型, 特别是在处理不规则数据时。

即使与文献中的其他模型相比, 所提出的模型也显示出优越性, 并且在数据模式中断时对旅游利益相关者做出决策特别有用。

创新之处在于所提出的模型是Holt-Winters模型的有效替代方案, 特别是当数据不规律时。此外, 与文献中的许多现有模型相比, cir#模型明显更简单、更透明, 避免了神经网络和基于数据科学的模型的“黑箱”性质。

Normalmente, la demanda turística tiende a seguir tendencias regulares, como temporadas altas y bajas a nivel trimestral/mensual y fines de semana y festivos a nivel diario. El conjunto de datos consiste en las pernoctaciones en Italia en establecimientos de alojamiento turístico recogidas mensualmente por Eurostat antes y durante la pandemia de COVID-19, rompiendo los patrones regulares.

El presente estudio pretende predecir las pernoctaciones en Italia en establecimientos de alojamiento turístico mediante un modelo estocástico no lineal de un solo factor denominado CIR#. La contribución de este estudio es doble: en términos de precisión de la predicción y en términos de parsimonia (tanto desde la perspectiva de los datos como de la complejidad de la modelización), especialmente cuando un patrón regular en la serie temporal se ve interrumpido. Demostramos que el CIR# no sólo aplica mejor que los modelos de referencia considerados, sino que también tiene un error mucho menor que otros modelos o enfoques adicionales de los que se informa en la literatura.

Los modelos tradicionales de previsión de la demanda turística pueden enfrentarse a desafíos cuando se adoptan cantidades masivas de índices de intensidad de búsqueda como indicadores de la demanda turística. Además, dada la importancia de unas previsiones precisas, muchos estudios han propuesto modelos híbridos novedosos o han utilizado diversas combinaciones de métodos. Así pues, aunque la adopción de enfoques más complejos presenta ventajas evidentes, el riesgo es el de enfrentarse a modelos poco manejables. Para demostrar cómo este enfoque puede extenderse de forma fructífera al turismo, se comprueba la precisión del CIR# utilizando métricas estándar como RMSE, MAE, MAPE o AvgReIMSE.

El modelo CIR# es notablemente más sencillo que otros modelos encontrados en la literatura y no se basa en técnicas de caja negra como las utilizadas en los modelos basados en redes neuronales o en la ciencia de datos. El análisis realizado sugiere que el modelo CIR# supera a otras predicciones de referencia en términos de significación estadística del error.

El modelo propuesto destaca por ser una opción viable al modelo Holt-Winters, sobre todo cuando se trata de datos irregulares.

El modelo propuesto ha demostrado su superioridad incluso cuando se compara con otros modelos de la bibliografía, y puede ser especialmente útil para los agentes del sector turístico a la hora de tomar decisiones cuando se producen alteraciones en los patrones de datos.

La novedad radica en que el modelo propuesto es una alternativa válida al Holt-Winters especialmente cuando los datos no son regulares. Además, en comparación con muchos modelos existentes en la literatura, el modelo CIR# es notablemente más sencillo y transparente, evitando la naturaleza de “caja negra” de los modelos basados en redes neuronales y en ciencia de datos.

It has been established that values, beliefs and norms are good predictors of pro-environmental behaviour; however, it is less explored how these constructs can be influenced. The purpose of this paper is to assess whether the COVID-19 pandemic, as a shock event, was a “game changer” or it had limited impacts on deep-rooted travel patterns.

To understand whether the pandemic has influenced people’s value orientations with regards to sustainable travel, the authors have made use of the value–belief–norm (VBN)theory of environmentalism and conducted a large-scale survey in Germany, Italy, France, The Netherlands and UK (N = 1545).

The findings showed that the pandemic caused only temporary change in deep-rooted travel patterns as (self-reported) pre-pandemic behaviour of respondents align with their value orientations and proved to be a good predictor of projected travel behaviour. Based on projected travel behaviour and value orientations, four market segments were identified – Frontrunners, Laggards, Comfortable Crowd and Entitled Stewards. While all segments showed willingness to adapt, the authors found variations in the extent of adaption and in the phases of the customer journey where travellers are likely to make changes.

According to our knowledge, using the VBN theory of environmentalism to understand the impact of shock events on deep-rooted travel patterns represents a new perspective. Moreover, to the best of authors’ knowledge, this study is one of the first, written in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, which looks at the impact of the health crisis on deep-rooted travel patterns, instead of the commonly studied risk perception.

To understand differences in visitors' travel motivations, this study investigates the relations between personal values and travel motivations as well as the moderating effects of visit experience, age and gender on values–motivations relations among Australian visitors visiting Indonesia.

The multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) was performed using Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) to assess the constructs' validity across groups (potential vs repeat visitors; younger vs older visitors; male vs female visitors). A group model comparison thus was run in the multigroup analysis to test whether any differences in values–motivations relationships were significant across the groups.

This study shows that travel motivations are associated with values in a systematic way, and values–motivations relations can vary by age, gender and visit experience. Specifically, self-enhancement values are associated with escape-seeking motivation and conservation values are associated with assurance-seeking motivations. Whilst, there is no associations found between openness to change values and novelty-seeking motivations and between self-transcendence values and interaction-seeking motivations. Further, values influence travel motivations for potential but not repeat visitors and for younger but not older visitors.

Tailoring marketing strategies to align with visitors' personal values and travel motivations is crucial. Further, acknowledging the moderating influences of visit experience, gender and age in values–motivations relations enables destination marketers to create more effective and targeted approaches for diverse demographic groups in marketing, promotions and destination development.

This study for the first time provides a better explanation on how the travel motivations are formed in relation to values, age, gender and visit experience.

This study, rooted in affordance-actualization theory and communication theory, aims to critically examine how ChatGPT influences users’ transition from new adopters to loyal advocates within the context of travel decision-making. It incorporates constructs including communication quality, personalization, anthropomorphism, cognitive and emotional trust (ET), loyalty and intention to adopt into a comprehensive model.

This study used quantitative methods to analyze data from 477 respondents, collected online through a self-administered questionnaire by Embrain, a leading market research company in South Korea. Lavaan package within R studio was used for evaluating the measurement model through confirmatory factor analysis and using structural equation modeling to examine the proposed hypotheses.

The findings reveal a pivotal need for enhancing ChatGPT’s communication quality, particularly in terms of accuracy, currency and understandability. Personalization emerges as a key driver for cognitive trust, while anthropomorphism significantly impacts ET. Interestingly, the study unveils that in the context of travel recommendations, users’ trust in ChatGPT predominantly operates at the cognitive level, significantly impacting loyalty and subsequent adoption intentions.

The findings of this research provide valuable insights for improving Generative AI (GenAI) technology and management practices in travel recommendations.

As one of the few empirical research papers in the burgeoning field of GenAI, this study proposes a highly explanatory model for the process from affordance to actualization in the context of using ChatGPT for travel recommendations.

The primary objective of this study is to ascertain how Metaverse technologies, primarily virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR), redefine tourism experiences. It aims to delve into the capabilities of these technologies in eliminating conventional physical and economic barriers and enabling virtual exploration of destinations. Additionally, this study seeks to understand how tourism enterprises can leverage Metaverse technologies for operational efficiency and enhance customer satisfaction.

This research uses a two-pronged methodological approach, incorporating bibliometric analysis techniques and a systematic literature review. Bibliometric analysis provides a quantitative assessment of existing literature, identifying key trends, authors and publications in the domain of Metaverse tourism. Concurrently, this systematic literature review qualitatively evaluates the content and context of these studies, focussing on the applications of VR and AR in tourism as well as the managerial and consumer implications therein.

The findings reveal a significant uptick in literature production in the Metaverse tourism domain post-2018, indicating a burgeoning interest in this field. Metaverse facilitates a unique blend of engaging and personalised tourism experiences from the comfort of one’s home. Moreover, tourism enterprises stand to gain from streamlined booking processes and to improve operational efficiency, which in turn augments customer satisfaction.

This research is confined to the analysis of the existing literature and does not involve primary data collection, which could limit the comprehensiveness of the insights. Moreover, the nascent stage of Metaverse technology in tourism presents a challenge in deriving conclusive implications. This study underscores the need for further empirical research to validate the theoretical frameworks discussed and explore the long-term implications of Metaverse technologies in the tourism sector.

Metaverse opens avenues for tourism enterprises to enhance their customer engagement and operational efficiency. It offers a novel platform for immersive and personalised travel experiences, thereby potentially increasing the market reach and customer satisfaction. The streamlined processes facilitated by Metaverse could also lead to cost reduction and increased profitability for tourism enterprises.

The integration of Metaverse technologies could democratise travel experiences, allowing individuals who might be economically or physically constrained to virtually explore global destinations. However, it also raises concerns regarding the digital divide and potential loss of authentic human interactions and cultural exchanges that traditionally characterise tourism.

This study is among the pioneering efforts to quantitatively and qualitatively analyse the burgeoning field of metaverse tourism. By amalgamating bibliometric analysis with a systematic literature review, it unveils the potential of Metaverse technologies in transcending conventional tourism paradigms, presenting a comprehensive understanding of the practical, managerial and consumer-centric implications therein.

本研究采用了双管齐下的方法, 既有文献计量分析技术, 又有系统的文献综述。文献计量分析对现有文献进行定量评估, 确定元旅游领域的主要趋势、作者和出版物。同时, 系统性文献综述对这些作品的内容和背景进行了定性评估, 重点关注虚拟现实（VR）和增强现实（AR）在旅游业中的应用以及对管理和消费者的影响。

本研究的主要目的是确定元宇宙技术（主要是 VR 和 AR）如何重新定义旅游体验。研究旨在深入探讨这些技术在消除传统物理和经济障碍以及实现目的地虚拟探索方面的能力。此外, 本研究还试图了解旅游企业如何利用元数据技术提高运营效率和客户满意度。

研究结果表明, 2018 年后, Metaverse 旅游领域的文献产量大幅上升, 表明人们对这一领域的兴趣日益浓厚。Metaverse 可以让人们在家中就能享受到独特的个性化旅游体验。此外, 旅游企业可从简化预订流程和提高运营效率中获益, 进而提高客户满意度。

本研究仅限于对现有文献的分析, 不涉及原始数据收集, 这可能会限制研究见解的全面性。此外, Metaverse 技术在旅游业中的应用尚处于起步阶段, 这对得出结论性影响提出了挑战。本研究强调有必要开展进一步的实证研究, 以验证所讨论的理论框架, 并探索元数据技术在旅游业中的长期影响。

Metaverse 为旅游企业提高客户参与度和运营效率开辟了道路。它为身临其境的个性化旅游体验提供了一个新颖的平台, 从而有可能提高市场覆盖率和客户满意度。Metaverse 推动的简化流程还可降低旅游企业的成本, 提高其盈利能力。

Metaverse 技术的整合可以使旅游体验平民化, 让经济或身体条件有限的人也能以虚拟方式探索全球旅游目的地。然而, 它也引发了人们对数字鸿沟的担忧, 以及对传统旅游业所特有的真实人际互动和文化交流的潜在损失的担忧。

本研究是定量和定性分析新兴的 Metaverse 旅游领域的开创性研究之一。通过将文献计量学分析与系统的文献综述相结合, 本研究揭示了元数据技术在超越传统旅游范式方面的潜力, 并对其中的实用、管理和以消费者为中心的含义提出了全面的理解。

Esta investigación utiliza un enfoque metodológico doble, que incorpora técnicas de análisis bibliométrico y una revisión sistemática de la literatura. El análisis bibliométrico proporciona una evaluación cuantitativa de la literatura existente, identificando tendencias, autores y publicaciones clave en el ámbito del turismo en el Metaverso. Al mismo tiempo, la revisión sistemática de la literatura evalúa cualitativamente el contenido y el contexto de estos trabajos, centrándose en las aplicaciones de la Realidad Virtual (RV) y la Realidad Aumentada (RA) en el turismo, así como en sus implicaciones para la gestión y el consumidor.

El objetivo principal de este estudio es determinar cómo las tecnologías asociadas al Metaverso, principalmente la RV y la RA, redefinen las experiencias turísticas. Pretende profundizar en las capacidades de estas tecnologías para eliminar las barreras físicas y económicas convencionales y permitir la exploración virtual de los destinos. Además, este estudio pretende entender cómo las empresas turísticas pueden aprovechar las tecnologías relacionadas con el Metaverso para mejorar la eficiencia operativa y la satisfacción del cliente.

Los resultados revelan un aumento significativo en la producción de literatura en el ámbito del turismo en el Metaverso desde el año 2018, lo que indica un creciente interés en este campo. El Metaverso facilita una combinación única de experiencias turísticas atractivas y personalizadas desde la comodidad del hogar. Además, las empresas turísticas se benefician de la agilización de los procesos de reserva y la mejora de la eficiencia operativa, lo que a su vez aumenta la satisfacción del cliente.

La investigación se limita al análisis de la bibliografía existente y no incluye la recopilación de datos primarios, lo que podría limitar la exhaustividad de las conclusiones. Además, el estado incipiente de la tecnología relacionada con el Metaverso en el turismo supone un reto a la hora de extraer implicaciones concluyentes. Este estudio subraya la necesidad de realizar más estudios empíricos para validar los marcos teóricos discutidos y explorar las implicaciones a largo plazo de estas tecnologías en el sector turístico.

El Metaverso abre vías para que las empresas turísticas mejoren su compromiso con el cliente y su eficiencia operativa. Ofrece una plataforma novedosa para experiencias de viaje inmersivas y personalizadas, con lo que aumenta potencialmente el alcance del mercado y la satisfacción del cliente. La racionalización de los procesos facilitados por el Metaverso también podría conducir a la reducción de costes y al aumento de la rentabilidad de las empresas turísticas.

La integración de las tecnologías relacionadas con el Metaverso podría democratizar las experiencias de viaje, permitiendo a personas con limitaciones económicas o físicas explorar virtualmente destinos globales. Sin embargo, también suscita preocupación en relación con la brecha digital y la posible pérdida de interacciones humanas auténticas e intercambios culturales que tradicionalmente caracterizan al turismo.

Este estudio es uno de los pioneros en analizar cuantitativa y cualitativamente el creciente campo del turismo en el Metaverso. Amalgamando el análisis bibliométrico con una revisión sistemática de la literatura, desvela el potencial de las tecnologías relacionadas con el Metaverso para sacar a la luz los paradigmas turísticos convencionales, presentando una comprensión exhaustiva de sus implicaciones prácticas, de gestión y centradas en el consumidor.

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic highlights the importance of destination marketing and media profiling to re-engage international tourists. However, potential crisis-induced nation brand (NB) deficits must be addressed to re-ignite tourism demand. The study examines the possible intervening effect of the contemporary NB in the international destination marketing and media-travel motives nexus.

A deductive quantitative study was undertaken with an online Amazon Mechanical Turk sample of n = 454 respondents. Hypotheses were tested using PROCESS Macro, Model 4.

The results show that the NB [people and negative events] had a practically significant partial mediating effect in the destination marketing – nature-cultural oriented travel motivation nexus.

New insights are provided via a practical model which facilitates the measurement of potential nuances in the influence of destination marketing and media profiling on leisure tourists' travel motives amid crises. The intervening effect implies that a better understanding of the NB as an indirect antecedent to travel motivation may result in more effective crisis communications and tourism recovery-oriented marketing.

The study is amongst the first to extend marketing and behavioural theory to explore the interplay between the marketing and media profile, a nation's brand and tourists' travel behaviour amid a crisis. The study addresses a discernible dearth of knowledge related to the influence of the NB on tourist behaviour from an emerging market perspective.