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1 – 10 of 871Chunhua Qi, Guoliang Ma, Yanqing Zhang, Tianqi Wang, Erming Rui, Qiang Jiao, Chaoming Liu, Mingxue Huo and Guofu Zhai
The purpose of this paper is to present a transition detector (TD)-based radiation hardened flip-flop (TDRH-FF) for single event upset (SEU).
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a transition detector (TD)-based radiation hardened flip-flop (TDRH-FF) for single event upset (SEU).
Design/methodology/approach
With SEU recovery and single event transient (SET) detector mechanism, the TDRH-FF can tolerate SEU during hold mode and generate a warning signal for architecture-level recovery during transport mode when input signal contains SET. Evaluation results show that the TDRH-FF outperforms comparable comprehensive performance.
Findings
Simulation results show that 1) the mean pulse width of the correction glitches (at full width half maximum) of TDRH-FF is less than 10 ps; 2) the area overhead of TDRH-FF is similar to the EVFERST-FF, BISER-FF and DNURHL-FF; 3) TDRH-FF has the same average power consumption as SETTOF, and moderate PDP and Ps values among these compared FFs.
Originality/value
In this paper, a TD-based TDRH-FF is proposed to solve the problems in the previous design. And the main contributions of the proposed TDRH-FF are summarized: Minimum size transistors are used in the proposed TD which leads to a considerable decrease in area overheads and propagation delay (resulting in an ignorable correction glitch); and compared with other radiation hardened flip-flop, TDRH-FF outperforms comparable comprehensive performance.
Details
Keywords
The purpose of this paper is to design a low power clock gating technique using Galeor approach by assimilated with replica path pulse triggered flip flop (RP-PTFF).
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to design a low power clock gating technique using Galeor approach by assimilated with replica path pulse triggered flip flop (RP-PTFF).
Design/methodology/approach
In the present scenario, the inclination of battery for portable devices has been increasing tremendously. Therefore, battery life has become an essential element for portable devices. To increase the battery life of portable devices such as communication devices, these have to be made with low power requirements. Hence, power consumption is one of the main issues in CMOS design. To reap a low-power battery with optimum delay constraints, a new methodology is proposed by using the advantages of a low leakage GALEOR approach. By integrating the proposed GALEOR technique with conventional PTFFs, a reduction in power consumption is achieved.
Findings
The design was implemented in mentor graphics EDA tools with 130 nm technology, and the proposed technique is compared with existing conventional PTFFs in terms of power consumption. The average power consumed by the proposed technique (RP-PTFF clock gating with the GALEOR technique) is reduced to 47 per cent compared to conventional PTFF for 100 per cent switching activity.
Originality/value
The study demonstrates that RP-PTFF with clock gating using the GALEOR approach is a design that is superior to the conventional PTFFs.
Details
Keywords
Homayoun Najjaran and Andrew A. Goldenberg
Describes a dual‐arm mobile manipulator that can autonomously scan natural terrain using a typical handheld landmine detector in a manner similar to a human operator.
Abstract
Purpose
Describes a dual‐arm mobile manipulator that can autonomously scan natural terrain using a typical handheld landmine detector in a manner similar to a human operator.
Design/methodology/approach
Presents a terrain‐scanning robot that consists of two articulated arms mounted on an off‐road remotely operated vehicle. One arm carries a laser and four ultrasonic rangefinders to build a terrain map. The map is used in real time to generate an obstacle‐free path for the second arm that manipulates the landmine detector autonomously. The arms are mounted on the vehicle that is controlled by an operator from a safe distance. Motion planning and control of the robot is carried out using an embedded computer that is linked to a host computer to transmit the detector data and operator commands.
Findings
Finds that the terrain‐scanning robot can effectively manipulate a relatively large landmine detector on rugged terrain with undulations and obstacles.
Research limitations/implications
Proposes real‐time motion planning that may be equally applicable to other mobile manipulators.
Practical implications
Provides a technology that together with state‐of‐the‐art landmine sensors will offer a safe solution for detecting hidden landmines and clearing them from the postwar countries.
Originality/value
Introduces the concept of a dual‐arm mobile terrain scanning robot for landmine detection in off‐road missions and civilian areas where truck‐mounted detectors are inefficient.
Details
Keywords
Eric Hillebrand and Marcelo C. Medeiros
In this chapter, we outline the statistical consequences of neglecting structural breaks and regime switches in autoregressive and GARCH models and propose two strategies to…
Abstract
In this chapter, we outline the statistical consequences of neglecting structural breaks and regime switches in autoregressive and GARCH models and propose two strategies to approach the problem. The first strategy is to identify regimes of constant unconditional volatility using a change point detector and estimate a separate GARCH model on the resulting segments. The second approach is to use a multiple-regime GARCH model, such as the Flexible Coefficient GARCH (FCGARCH) specification, where the regime-switches are governed by an observable variable. We apply both alternatives to an array of financial time series and compare their forecast performance.
M.K. Robinson, N.M. Shorrocks, R.W. Bicknell, P. Watson and D.J. Pedder
A new lass of sensors for thermal imaging and detection in the infra‐red band is emerging which exploits the pyroelectric effect in ferroelectric materials. These sensors, which…
Abstract
A new lass of sensors for thermal imaging and detection in the infra‐red band is emerging which exploits the pyroelectric effect in ferroelectric materials. These sensors, which are fabricated in the form of large linear or two‐dimensional arrays of detectors interfaced to a silicon readout circuit, do not require cooling for their operation, in contrast to the photon detection based thermal imagers. They thus have the potential for low cost thermal detection and imaging. This paper examines the design of these arrays and the technologies employed in their fabrication, with particular attention to their specialised packaging requirements, by reference to a range of linear and two‐dimensional pyroelectric array devices that have been fabricated in this laboratory.
Describes the basic optical concepts of infrared gas detection inrelation to industrial applications and considers the electro opticcomponents at the heart of the analyzers, the…
Abstract
Describes the basic optical concepts of infrared gas detection in relation to industrial applications and considers the electro optic components at the heart of the analyzers, the infrared detectors themselves. Discusses the choice of detectors for a given application and looks at the pros and cons of thermal detectors and quantum detectors. Notes the possible need to cool quantum detectors to improve their signal to noise and responsivity characteristics. Concludes with the possibility for custom configurations and lists the various application of infrared gas detection including uses in the transport industry, petrochemical industry and hospitals.
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Wenjun Liu and Bozhi Yang
The goal of this review paper is to provide information on several commonly used thermography techniques in semiconductor and micro‐device industry and research today.
Abstract
Purpose
The goal of this review paper is to provide information on several commonly used thermography techniques in semiconductor and micro‐device industry and research today.
Design/methodology/approach
The temperature imaging or mapping techniques include thin coating methods such as liquid crystal thermography and fluorescence microthermography, contact mechanical methods such as scanning thermal microscopy, and optical techniques such as infrared microscopy and thermoreflectance. Their principles, characteristics and applications are discussed.
Findings
Thermal issues play an important part in optimizing the performance and reliability of high‐frequency and high‐packing density electronic circuits. To improve the performance and reliability of microelectronic devices and also to validate thermal models, accurate knowledge of local temperatures and thermal properties is required.
Originality/value
The paper provides readers, especially technical engineers in industry, a general knowledge of several commonly used thermography techniques in the semiconductor and micro‐device industries.
Details
Keywords
The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of recent developments in electromagnetic radiation (EMR) sensing.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of recent developments in electromagnetic radiation (EMR) sensing.
Design/methodology/approach
Following a short introduction, this paper discusses a selection of recent research and development activities concerning the sensing of gamma radiation, X‐rays and ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
Findings
This shows that novel sensors are being developed for all of these classes of EMR. Improved gamma sensors are attracting strong interest in the USA, reflecting concerns regarding nuclear security. Novel X‐ray and UV sensors are often being developed in response to new and emerging uses of these types of radiation.
Originality/value
This paper provides a technical review of recent research into sensors for detecting gamma radiation, X‐rays and UV radiation.
Details