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1 – 10 of over 33000
Book part
Publication date: 8 May 2003

Fumitaka Kurauchi, Yasunori Iida and Hirofumi Shimada

Road network performance when a large disaster happens depends on how the road traffic is regulated. To evaluate the performance of the road network, one should consider the…

Abstract

Road network performance when a large disaster happens depends on how the road traffic is regulated. To evaluate the performance of the road network, one should consider the traffic regulation in an emergent condition. Authors have proposed the idea of area traffic regulation when a large disaster occurs (Iida, et al., 2000). In the former paper, a bi-level optimisation model to calculate the optimal regulation ratio is proposed. This paper proposes an efficient and fast method to calculate regulation ratios for two-stage road traffic regulation. The simplified model adopts linear programming method instead of bi-level optimisation method, which is quicker and simpler. The simpler algorithm contributes to conduct various kinds of case studies, and helps finding a reliability of the road network considering traffic regulations after a disaster.

Details

The Network Reliability of Transport
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-0-08-044109-2

Book part
Publication date: 8 May 2003

Keiichi Ogawa and Takamasa Akiyama

Traffic accident on inter-city expressways might cause large-scale traffic congestion. It might increase travel times of many drivers and it produces a large social loss. This…

Abstract

Traffic accident on inter-city expressways might cause large-scale traffic congestion. It might increase travel times of many drivers and it produces a large social loss. This study aims to estimate the social loss of travel time of drivers caused by traffic accidents on inter-city expressway using traffic simulation model, and to evaluate the effects of outflow recommendations when an accident occurs on the expressway. The traffic simulation model on Tomei Expressway is constructed to estimate the dynamic traffic congestion. Travel time losses of drivers are estimated by the simulation results with hypothetical traffic accidents. It is understood that the total losses of travel times are depending on the positions of accident spots and the occurrence times of accidents, because it might influence to congestion at the bottlenecks of flow capacity. Moreover, the effect of traffic control in emergency situation is discussed. The influences of outflow recommendations for drivers are estimated using the traffic simulation model.

Details

The Network Reliability of Transport
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-0-08-044109-2

Abstract

Details

Traffic Safety Culture
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78714-617-4

Abstract

Details

Handbook of Transport Systems and Traffic Control
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-61-583246-0

Article
Publication date: 26 February 2024

Janice Iwama

The current study examines the effects of race, agency and environment on traffic stops in rural and non-rural spaces.

Abstract

Purpose

The current study examines the effects of race, agency and environment on traffic stops in rural and non-rural spaces.

Design/methodology/approach

Using traffic stop data collected in a Midwest US County from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2021, the current study uses logistic regression to examine racial disparities in traffic stops.

Findings

The results indicate that police decision-making in traffic stops may be influenced by other factors besides a driver’s race or ethnicity. In other words, the police officer’s decision making in a traffic stop varies between small and large agencies as well as rural and non-rural places.

Originality/value

This study provides one of the few examinations of racial disparities in traffic stops in rural places.

Details

Policing: An International Journal, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1363-951X

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 8 May 2009

Kadriye Bakirci

During the last ten years, the International Labour Organisation (ILO), and some other international organizations, have increasingly addressed human trafficking from a “forced…

6056

Abstract

Purpose

During the last ten years, the International Labour Organisation (ILO), and some other international organizations, have increasingly addressed human trafficking from a “forced labour” perspective. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the terminology in relation to human trafficking and forced labour, to highlight the links between them, and to provide a critique of the ILO approach. It also aims to make the case for the implementation of a specific international instrument to address the link between trafficking and forced labour.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper compares the definitions of human trafficking and forced labour, the link between them in the United Nations, European and ILO instruments.

Findings

Although human trafficking is a criminal activity, the ILO identifies it as a form of forced labour. The paper concludes that, no matter what role the trafficking victims have in participating in the criminal activities, they should be viewed as victims and witnesses. They should not be viewed as “workers” or “labourers”. Any minor under the age of 18 years, in accordance with the European and international instruments, has no legal capacity to give consent to being exploited.

Originality/value

This paper argues that the international and European instruments do not specifically address the link between trafficking and forced labour. There is a need for a specific international instrument prescribing the link between trafficking and forced labour. In the absence of such an international instrument, there is a piece meal approach by international bodies and countries toward the regulation of trafficking and forced labour.

Details

Journal of Financial Crime, vol. 16 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1359-0790

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 January 2006

Rachel Egan

This article reviews the research literature on factors that contribute to the growing problem of people trafficking. It separates the findings into ‘push’, ‘pull’, ‘demand’ and…

1592

Abstract

This article reviews the research literature on factors that contribute to the growing problem of people trafficking. It separates the findings into ‘push’, ‘pull’, ‘demand’ and ‘supply’ issues and explores the social and economic circumstances that result in the exploitation of the victims of trafficking

Details

Safer Communities, vol. 5 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1757-8043

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 March 2018

F Xiong, P S Gong, Z Q Peng and J F Fan

Under the background of the rapid development of e-commerce and information network, the demand for urban distribution is also changing; especially customers' demand for fast…

Abstract

Under the background of the rapid development of e-commerce and information network, the demand for urban distribution is also changing; especially customers' demand for fast delivery of products is increasing. Based on this, the optimization of urban traffic distribution path was studied under the fast response demand. In this paper, the importance and theoretical basis of the design of urban traffic planning under rapid response demand were expounded; then, the urban traffic distribution path planning was designed, and the layout principle of urban traffic roads, the division of road levels and the planning and design of motor vehicle roads were analyzed; through the planning project of the traffic distribution path in a city, analysis of the planning on roadways, three-dimensional traffic paths was achieved.

Details

Open House International, vol. 43 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0168-2601

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 November 2007

Sarah Stephen‐Smith

The physical and psychological effects of human trafficking1 can be severe and long‐term (Zimmerman et al, 2006). Yet with appropriate support at all stages of the trafficking

1808

Abstract

The physical and psychological effects of human trafficking1 can be severe and long‐term (Zimmerman et al, 2006). Yet with appropriate support at all stages of the trafficking process women can be rehabilitated and re‐integrated within society (Zimmerman et al, 2003). This article highlights the unique needs of trafficked women and explores the work of the POPPY Project (the sole UK government‐funded dedicated service for women trafficked into prostitution) in helping trafficked women integrate into UK society successfully.

Details

International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care, vol. 3 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1747-9894

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 September 2017

Ren Hong, Zhang Zhengtong, Ma Xianrui and Tang Xilai

In the face of solving the urban traffic congestion problem radically, emphasis has been laid on the research on slow traffic planning of urban built environment. Hence, research…

Abstract

In the face of solving the urban traffic congestion problem radically, emphasis has been laid on the research on slow traffic planning of urban built environment. Hence, research on slow traffic demand forecasting can provide a basis for the planning of urban slow traffic systems. Based on land use, the overall planning of the new Guangming (GM) district, and the population prediction results, the slow traffic demand within the scope of the new district was forecasted by combining the per capita trip frequency, and the spatial distribution of the slow traffic flow of the new GM district was forecasted per the forecasted demand quantity for slow traffic. The following research conclusions were obtained. Within the new GM district, the correlation of the total demand for slow traffic with the land use functions and population distribution was high, and the cross-zone traffic was mainly decided by the land usage of this district. The cross-unit slow traffic flow was concentrated in the Gongming central, Guangming central, high-tech zone, and Yutian zones. This research provides a guideline for the layout of slow traffic facilities in the future.

Details

Open House International, vol. 42 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0168-2601

Keywords

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