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Laser absolute distance measurement has the characteristics of high precision, wide range and non-contact. In laser ranging system, tracking and aiming measurement point is the precondition of automatic measurement. To solve this problem, this paper aims to propose a novel method.

For the central point of the hollow angle coupled mirror, this paper proposes a method based on correlation filtering and ellipse fitting. For non-cooperative target points, this paper proposes an extraction method based on correlation filtering and feature matching. Finally, a visual tracking and aiming system was constructed by combining the two-axis turntable, and experiments were carried out.

The target tracking algorithm has an accuracy of 91.15% and a speed of 19.5 frames per second. The algorithm can adapt to the change of target scale and short-term occlusion. The mean error and standard deviation of the center point extraction of the hollow Angle coupling mirror are 0.20 and 0.09 mm. The mean error and standard deviation of feature points matching for non-cooperative target were 0.06 mm and 0.16 mm. The visual tracking and aiming system can track a target running at a speed of 0.7 m/s, aiming error mean is 1.74 pixels and standard deviation is 0.67 pixel.

The results show that this method can achieve fast and high precision target tracking and aiming and has great application value in laser ranging.

This special “Anbar Abstracts” issue of the Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing is split into seven sections covering abstracts under the following headings: Marketing strategy; Customer service; Sales management; Promotion; Product management; Marketing research/customer behavior; Sundry.

This paper aims to improve the anti-interference ability of the airborne radar stabilization platform, especially the ability to suppress continuous disturbance under complex air conditions to ensure the clarity and stability of airborne radar imaging.

This paper proposes a new active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) strategy based on the cascade extended state observer (ESO) for airborne radar stabilization platform, which adopts two first-order ESOs to estimate the angular velocity value and the angular position value of the stabilized platform. Then makes the error signal which subtracts the estimated value of ESO from the output signal of the tracking-differentiator as the input signal of the nonlinear state error feedback (NLSEF), and according to the output signal of the NLSEF and the value which dynamically compensated the total disturbances estimated by the two ESO to produce the final control signal.

The simulation results show that, compared with the classical ADRC, the ADRC based on the cascade ESO not only estimates the unknown disturbance more accurately but also improves the delay of disturbance observation effectively due to the increase of the order of the observer. In addition, compared with the classical PID control and the classical ADRC, it has made great progress in response performance and anti-interference ability, especially in the complex air conditions.

The originality of the paper is the adoption of a new ADRC control strategy based on the cascade ESO to ameliorate the anti-interference ability of the airborne radar stabilization platform, especially the ability to suppress continuous interference under complex air conditions.

This special “Anbar Abstracts” issue of the Marketing Intelligence & Planning is split into seven sections covering abstracts under the following headings: Marketing Strategy; Customer Service; Sales Management; Promotion; Marketing Research/Customer Behaviour; Product Management; Logistics and Distribution.

Digital transformation using Industry 4.0 technologies can address various challenges in food supply chains (FSCs). However, the integration of emerging technologies to achieve digital transformation in FSCs is unclear. This study aims to establish how the digital transformation of FSCs can be achieved by adopting key technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoTs), cloud computing (CC) and big data analytics (BDA).

A systematic literature review (SLR) resulted in 57 articles from 2008 to 2022. Following descriptive and thematic analysis, a conceptual framework based on the diffusion of innovation (DOI) theory and the context-intervention-mechanism-outcome (CIMO) logic is established, along with avenues for future research.

The combination of DOI theory and CIMO logic provides the theoretical foundation for linking the general innovation process to the digital transformation process. A novel conceptual framework for achieving digital transformation in FSCs is developed from the initiation to implementation phases. Objectives and principles for digitally transforming FSCs are identified for the initiation phase. A four-layer technology implementation architecture is developed for the implementation phase, facilitating multiple applications for FSC digital transformation.

The study contributes to the development of theory on digital transformation in FSCs and offers managerial guidelines for accelerating the growth of the food industry using key Industry 4.0 emerging technologies. The proposed framework brings clarity into the “neglected” intermediate stage of data management between data collection and analysis. The study highlights the need for a balanced integration of IoT, CC and BDA as key Industry 4.0 technologies to achieve digital transformation successfully.

This study is the first to examine how big data analytics (BDA) capabilities affect green absorptive capacity (GAC) and green entrepreneurship orientation (GEO). It uses the dynamic capability view, BDA and knowledge-sharing literature. There is a lack of studies addressing the BDA–GAC and BDA–GEO relationships and their potential impact on green innovation. Continuing the ongoing research discussion, a few studies examined the vital implications of knowledge sharing (KS) on GAC, GEO and green innovation.

The study used a cross-sectional and stratified random sampling technique to collect data through self-administered surveys among Chinese manufacturing firm employees. The study applied SmartPLS to analyze the obtained data.

The findings revealed that BDA capabilities positively influence GAC and GEO. In addition, GEO and KS positively impact green innovation. The KS recorded a positive impact on GAC and GEO. Furthermore, GAC and GEO recorded a partial mediating effect.

The study acknowledges that GAC is the backbone of a firm green entrepreneurial orientation, which needs to be aligned with BDA capabilities to anticipate future green business trends. GAC's help drives GEO's green business agenda. KS plays a strategic role in developing GAC, fostering GEO and improving green innovation.

The study highlights the necessity of aligning BDA capabilities to fit firms' GEO green business agendas. This study focuses on the role of BDA capabilities in developing firms' green dynamics capabilities (e.g. GAC), which helps GEO drive superior green business growth. KS develops GAC and boosts GEO to enhance green innovation.

While United States is among countries with the world’s highest coronavirus infections, its approaches and policies to reopen the economy vary by state. A lack of objective criteria and monitoring toward satisfying the criteria can lead to another COVID-19 outbreak and business closures. Considering the pressing need to return to normalcy without a rebound of COVID-19 infections and deaths, an index that provides a data-driven and objective insight is urgently needed. Hence, a method was devised to assess the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic and determine the degree of progress any state has made in containing the spread of COVID-19.

Using measures such as the weekly averages of daily new deaths, ICU bed occupancy rates, positive cases and test positivity rates, two indexes were developed: COVID-19 reopening readiness and severity.

A clear difference in the pandemic severity trends can be observed between states, which is possibly due to the disparity in the state’s response to coronavirus. A sharp upward trend in index values requires caution prior to moving to the next phase of reopening.

The composite indexes advanced in this study will provide a universal, standardized and unbiased view of each state’s readiness to reopen and allow comparisons between states. This in turn can help governments and health-care agencies take counter measures if needed as to the anticipated demand for future health-care services and minimize adverse consequences of opening.

Introduction: Governance is the management of various actions to improve human capacities and boost the efficiency with which services are delivered to the general public. The study analyses the relationship between two variables: geographic location and desire to switch to an E-governance system. The study also aims to explore the relevance of artificial intelligence (AI) in supporting E-Governance.

Objectives of study: (1) To investigate the notion of e-governance and the many approaches available. (2) To research various government E-Governance initiatives and raise awareness about the difficulties and opportunities facing India’s e-government system. (3) To study the acceptance of E-governance by the public from rural and urban districts.

Methodology: This study will use a descriptive research approach as its research strategy. Primary data was collected to check for the preference for an acceptance rate of E-Governance based on geographic location (URBAN and RURAL). The current investigation is conducted on 200 respondents from Northern India’s selected urban and rural districts.

Finding and implications: The report summarises the significance of e-governing system adoption in India and offers ways to improve the operation of these systems in the future. The results of the test show that both factors are highly significant. The study recommends that future research integrate our search for scientific studies with a search for non-scientific publications, as journal and conference publications may lag behind the most recent breakthroughs in the implications of AI use in public administration.

This paper aims to draw attention to an urgent need for reform of the regulatory framework of the broader export credit system to ensure a new and comprehensive “safe haven” for officially supported export credits. The purpose is to analyse the complex debate on disciplines of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), creating a point of reference for future analysis of and debates around the “carve-out clause” of the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (ASCM) and a “safe haven” in a broader sense.

This paper takes inspiration from legal, economic and political science literature on subsidies and officially supported export credits, as well as on legal documents related to the WTO and the OECD. It examines the WTO subsidy and the OECD export credits framework, focusing on main legal and economic governance aspects. Then, it gives a critical analysis how “safe” a “safe haven” in a broader sense might be, assessing frictions of and solutions for the fundamentally different set of disciplines, limitations, financial instruments not covered by OECD regulations, as well as new challenges related to climate finance.

After assessing the challenges regarding the “carve-out clause” of the WTO subsidy framework and two tracks aiming to create a new “safe haven”, requirements for comprehensive disciplines for officially supported export credits are pointed out. Furthermore, several misunderstandings and mistakes appearing in the debate are clarified.

Desktop research rather than empirical field work.

This paper creates awareness for governments and exporters how to deal with a complex system of interrelated disciplines. The question, how “safe” a “safe haven” in a broader sense can be, has not been resolved yet. Some authors focus on the WTO disciplines not taking into account the need for an effective matching procedure of the Arrangement on Officially Supported Export Credits (the Arrangement). Furthermore, the introduction of several new pre-export financing programmes and the growing significance of climate finance-related instruments for export credit agencies creates both opportunities and challenges. This paper can serve as a reference point for the academic debate and further research. This paper also offers newcomers to the topic a comprehensive overview.

Although the “carve-out clause” and the Arrangement have been much discussed, there is limited literature review structuring both existing and new aspects of the debate, assessing (dis)advantages of arguments and interpretations. This paper both adds to the corpus of literature about the ASCM, as well as the Arrangement, and takes this corpus as the object of its analysis.

This special “Anbar Abstracts” issue of the European Journal of Marketing is split into seven sections covering abstracts under the following headings: Marketing, Europe and international business; Marketing strategy; Supply‐chain management; Product management; Services marketing; Marketing in the public sector; and Marketing and information technology.