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Article
Publication date: 7 November 2016

Inbound tourism and the marketization of China’s institutions: Analysis of regional panel data

Jing Ma and Shuo Liu

The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the institutions play a role in tourism development and international recognition, specifically the influence of…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the institutions play a role in tourism development and international recognition, specifically the influence of marketization on the international tourists’ inbound arrivals in different Chinese provinces.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper constructs a demand model of tourism and empirically analyzes the relationship between marketization and inbound tourism demand with the panel data of the provinces of China and NERI Index of Marketization.

Findings

Marketization does have an influence on inbound tourism demand of China. Specially, the relationship between government and market, the development of product market, the market intermediary organizations and the legal system environment can increase the demand of the foreign tourists to visit China, although the magnitudes are different.

Practical implications

This paper argues that the qualities of marketization intuitions are important in increasing inbound tourism, given that it can bring better tourism experience and improve the international recognition. Strengthening the legislation and protecting the legitimate rights and interests of consumers can attract more international travelers to China. Market distribution of competitive economic resources, reducing political intervention into corporate activities and relieving tax burdens of enterprises can improve the competitiveness and the service qualities of Chinese domestic tourism firms.

Originality/value

This paper leads the discussions of institutions and tourism. It combines the consumer theory and uses static and dynamic panel data models to analyze the influencing factors of Chinese tourism. It argues that Chinese inbound tourism shall develop with the systemic marketization progress in China.

Details

Nankai Business Review International, vol. 7 no. 4
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/NBRI-08-2016-0029
ISSN: 2040-8749

Keywords

  • Inbound tourism
  • Tourism demand
  • Marketization

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Article
Publication date: 4 September 2017

Redesigning tourism in CEE countries: the main areas of change and the communist past

Tanja Mihalic

The purpose of this paper is to provide details of the communist and socialist past to inform the debate on redesigning tourism in Central and Eastern European (CEE…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide details of the communist and socialist past to inform the debate on redesigning tourism in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries as impacted by the transition and accelerated by European Union (EU) membership.

Design/methodology/approach

The issues from two sides are addressed: academic and practical. Based on a literature review, the authors propose a model of five main research topics that represent the main areas of change and conceptualise the general EU accession research debate on tourism. Content analysis is conducted on each of the revealed main research topics that are presented and discussed from the standpoint of tourism-relevant socialist and communist stature and image. On the other hand, this paper engages with reality as it surveys real-life practices in tourism development and business operation based on the personal experience of the researcher regarding the social situation under consideration.

Findings

The findings concerning the revealed main areas of tourism change in CEE countries following EU accession refer to the: change from communism towards a new image (Europeanisation and re-imaging), change from communism to capitalism (transformation and marketisation), change from old communist tourism products to new products (rejuvenation, diversification), change from communist towards sustainability values (sustainability) and change from tourism inside the communist block to international tourism (re-internationalisation) The discussion indicates how each area of change relates to socialist and communist content and its tourism relevance and the potential for tourism development, policy and business.

Research limitations/implications

The list of relevant works is not exhaustive as only tourism-focussed quality journals are surveyed in order to define the main areas of change.

Practical implications

A very relevant source of information and impartial advice for tourism developers and policymakers in ex-socialist and communist countries is provided regarding tourism development at the strategic and managerial levels.

Originality/value

This paper fills an identified information/resource gap concerning the potential and contribution of communist and socialist heritage to tourism development and business, and places this in the context of the changes CEE countries have made in order to stay and/or become tourism destinations. It introduces a new term “tourism redesign” which explains the transition in tourism development, policy and management through different areas of change.

Details

International Journal of Tourism Cities, vol. 3 no. 3
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJTC-10-2016-0036
ISSN: 2056-5607

Keywords

  • Communist and socialist heritage
  • Europeanization in tourism image
  • Tourism development
  • Policy
  • Business
  • Tourism image
  • Tourism marketization
  • Tourism rejuvenation

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Article
Publication date: 5 August 2019

Influence of environmental regulations on China’s tourism competitiveness: Empirical evidence based on provincial panel data

Cong Peng and Peng Yuan

China intends to enhance its environmental regulations, which will affect many industries, because of the serious environmental pollution that the country faces. This…

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Abstract

Purpose

China intends to enhance its environmental regulations, which will affect many industries, because of the serious environmental pollution that the country faces. This study aims to investigate the influence of environmental regulations on China’s provincial tourism competitiveness.

Design/methodology/approach

A vertical-and-horizontal scatter degree method is used to construct provincial-level tourism competitiveness and environmental regulation indices in China. Thereafter, a spatial econometric model is established to empirically assess the influence of environmental regulations on China’s provincial tourism competitiveness and investigate the spatial spillover effects of environmental regulations.

Findings

Environmental regulations and China’s provincial tourism competitiveness exhibit a “U”-shaped relationship, mainly because of the indirect effects of environmental regulations (spatial spillover effects). The environmental regulation indices of the majority of the provinces have crossed the turning point. Thus, improving environmental regulations has a positive effect on tourism competitiveness. This effect mainly originates from the positive spatial spillover effects.

Social implications

Tourism development plays an important role in promoting economic growth. However, increasing environmental pollution may constrain the development of tourism. Therefore, the possible influence of environmental regulations on tourism development should be understood.

Originality/value

At present, no research has explored the influence of environmental regulations on China’s tourism competitiveness. The current study considers the nonlinear effects of environmental regulations and investigates their spatial spillover effects.

Details

Nankai Business Review International, vol. 10 no. 3
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/NBRI-12-2017-0073
ISSN: 2040-8749

Keywords

  • Tourism competitiveness
  • Environmental regulation intensity
  • Spatial spillover effects

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Article
Publication date: 2 August 2013

Dark tourism scholarship: a critical review

Philip Stone

Commonly referred to as dark tourism or thanatourism, the act of touristic travel to sites of or sites associated with death and disaster has gained significant attention…

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Abstract

Purpose

Commonly referred to as dark tourism or thanatourism, the act of touristic travel to sites of or sites associated with death and disaster has gained significant attention with media imaginations and academic scholarship. However, despite a growing body of literature on the representation and tourist experience of deathscapes within the visitor economy, dark tourism as a field of study is still very much in its infancy. Moreover, questions remain of the academic origins of the dark tourism concept, as well as its contribution to the broader social scientific study of tourism and death education. Thus, the purpose of this invited review for this Special Issue on dark tourism, is to offer some critical insights into thanatourism scholarship.

Design/methodology/approach

This review paper critiques the emergence and current direction of dark tourism scholarship.

Findings

The author suggests that dark tourism as an academic field of study is where death education and tourism studies collide and, as such, can offer potentially fruitful research avenues within the broad realms of thanatology. Secondly, the author outlines how dark tourism as a conceptual typology has been subject to a sustained marketization process within academia over the past decade or so. Consequently, dark tourism is now a research brand in which scholars can locate a diverse range of death‐related and tourist experience studies. Finally, the author argues that the study of dark tourism is not simply a fascination with death or the macabre, but a multi‐disciplinary academic lens through which to scrutinise fundamental interrelationships of the contemporary commodification of death with the cultural condition of society.

Originality/value

This review paper scrutinises dark tourism scholarship and, subsequently, offers original insights into the potential role dark tourism may play in the public representation of death, as well as highlighting broader interrelationships dark tourism has with research into the social reality of death and the significant Other dead.

Details

International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, vol. 7 no. 3
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCTHR-06-2013-0039
ISSN: 1750-6182

Keywords

  • Tourism
  • Death
  • Research work
  • Education
  • Dark tourism
  • Scholarship
  • Thanatology
  • Visitor economy

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Book part
Publication date: 30 December 2013

Development(s) in the Geographies of Tourism: Knowledge(s), Actions and Cultures

C. Michael Hall

Depending on the research approach one uses, the development of particular bodies of knowledge over time is the result of a combination of agency, chance, opportunity…

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Abstract

Depending on the research approach one uses, the development of particular bodies of knowledge over time is the result of a combination of agency, chance, opportunity, patronage, power, or structure. This particular account of the development of geographies of tourism stresses its place as understood within the context of different approaches, different research behaviors and foci, and its location within the wider research community and society. The chapter charts the development of different epistemological, methodological, and theoretical traditions over time, their rise and fall, and, in some cases, rediscovery. The chapter concludes that the marketization of academic production will have an increasingly important influence on the nature and direction of tourism geographies.

Details

Geographies of Tourism
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S1571-5043(2013)0000019002
ISBN: 978-1-78190-212-7

Keywords

  • Academic capitalism
  • Anglo-American geography
  • academic periphery
  • rankings

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Article
Publication date: 1 October 2004

Accession to the World Trade Organization: challenges for China's travel service industry

Hanqin Qiu Zhang

China's travel agent industry started becoming a service industry after China opened its doors to the outside world in 1978. During the process of economic reform and…

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Abstract

China's travel agent industry started becoming a service industry after China opened its doors to the outside world in 1978. During the process of economic reform and marketization, the industry has become much more mature than 25 years ago. With China's accession to World Tourism Organization, the travel service industry will open its market for competition between foreign travel agents and the ones in China. Through studying and investigating the developing history and the current operating condition of the travel agents, this paper analyzes opportunities and challenges facing China's travel agents upon China's accession to the World Trade Organization.

Details

International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, vol. 16 no. 6
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/09596110410550815
ISSN: 0959-6119

Keywords

  • Travel
  • Service industries
  • Free markets
  • Small enterprises
  • China

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Article
Publication date: 5 November 2020

Impact of marketization process on China's forestry economic growth – based on the statistical yearbook data from 1978 to 2016

Dan Qiao, Shuifa Ke, Xiaoxiao Zhang and Qiya Feng

The paper aims to explore the impact of marketization on forestry economic growth. Firstly, the development process of forestry marketization was summarized. Secondly…

Open Access
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Abstract

Purpose

The paper aims to explore the impact of marketization on forestry economic growth. Firstly, the development process of forestry marketization was summarized. Secondly, from the three dimensions of forestry production factor marketization, production marketization and product marketization, the framework of marketization is constructed by the authors.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the yearbook data from 1978 to 2016, the relationship between forestry marketization and forestry growth was demonstrated through multiple regression and Granger test in this paper.

Findings

The results showed that forestry marketization was one of the important driving factors that impacted on China's forestry economic growth. Since the reform and opening up, China's forestry marketization degree has been constantly strengthened, but there is still room for improvement. China has provided an important model as forestry marketization reform and development sample for the world.

Social implications

Many useful references and inspirations have been provided from China such as gradually promoting market-oriented reforms; paying attention to the important role of reform and opening up in the construction of market mechanism; dynamic coordination of market and government relations; developing and connecting the relationship between domestic and international market; and coordinating the development of forestry state-owned economy, private economy and mixed ownership economy.

Originality/value

This paper creates a measure index of forestry marketization from three dimensions of forestry production factor marketization, production marketization and product marketization.

Details

Forestry Economics Review, vol. 2 no. 1
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/FER-02-2020-0002
ISSN: 2631-3030

Keywords

  • Marketization
  • Forestry
  • Economic growth
  • Reform and opening up
  • Measure index

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Article
Publication date: 27 March 2020

Conceptualizing and contextualizing overtourism: the dynamics of accelerating urban tourism

Jan Henrik Nilsson

From the background of the dramatic increase of urban tourism, framed by the concept of overtourism, the purpose of this paper is to analyze and discuss current dynamic…

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Abstract

Purpose

From the background of the dramatic increase of urban tourism, framed by the concept of overtourism, the purpose of this paper is to analyze and discuss current dynamic processes of urban tourism growth, as presented in the scientific literature. With the help of a literature review, this paper aims to discuss current definitions and conceptualizations of overtourism and discuss the driving forces for the growth of urban tourism, thereby situating overtourism in relational to general structural change.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper builds on a non-exhaustive review of the scientific literature about overtourism and related topics, supplemented by a review of a few central policy documents.

Findings

Conceptually, overtourism relates to two different, but related, perspectives. The first one concern (negative) experiences of resident population and visitors, whereas the second relates to thresholds for the carrying capacity of destinations. Most of the reviewed literature focuses on three aspects of overtourism: localized problems in inner cities, the supply of unregulated accommodation through Airbnb and Airbnbs as a driving force of gentrification. Important perspectives are missing from the literature, mainly related to the development of driving forces of urban tourism growth in time and space. This observation is the starting point for a discussion on driving forces in an evolutionary perspective with the ambition of relating the growth of urban tourism to long waves of structural development.

Research limitations/implications

The paper focuses on overtourism in urban contexts, rural tourism is not discussed.

Practical implications

In identifying the importance of driving forces for understanding the dynamics of urban tourism growth, a holistic view on managing mitigation might be possible.

Originality/value

The paper adds an evolutionary perspective to the discussion about overtourism and its causes. Thereby, it answers to a need to take tourism seriously in social science, as a major economic, social and ecologic force. In emphasizing the relationship between driving forces on different geographic scales and levels, power relations are highlighted. The paper discusses the role of driving forces for mitigating overtourism. An understanding of the dynamics of driving forces is essential for the development of urban sustainable tourism.

Details

International Journal of Tourism Cities, vol. 6 no. 4
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJTC-08-2019-0117
ISSN: 2056-5607

Keywords

  • Urban tourism
  • Overtourism
  • Driving forces of urban tourism growth
  • Tourism geography
  • Tourism innovation

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Book part
Publication date: 13 March 2020

Becoming Collaborative: Policy Networks within the Turkish Health Sector in Turkey

Julinda Hoxha

This chapter examines factors that maximize collaboration among various stakeholders with the purpose of health policy making in Turkey. The field research reveals that…

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Abstract

This chapter examines factors that maximize collaboration among various stakeholders with the purpose of health policy making in Turkey. The field research reveals that policy networks have been formed in the sub-areas of public health, healthcare construction, and health tourism in the years between 2011 and 2015. Content analysis of 24 semi-structured interviews with policy and professional experts is conducted to assess Network Collaborative Capacity, built upon three dimensions, namely, structural, relational, and institutional. The findings reveal that networks differ in their capacity to collaborate as well as their impact on policy making resulting in three distinct models of network policy making. In the cases under investigation, network impact takes the form of (a) policy innovation through expertise sharing and evidence-based policy making associated with particularly high levels of relational capacity; (b) policy effectiveness through contract enforcement within a clear legal framework associated with particularly high levels of institutional capacity; and (c) policy coherence through organizational-knowledge-sharing and actor coordination. Findings also suggest that institutionalization in the form of network embeddedness in the surrounding political and economic environment is crucial for maintaining a collaborative momentum as well as achieving policy effectiveness at the stage of policy implementation. Based on these findings, further studies should focus on the institutionalization of policy networks, particularly in those middle-income countries such as Turkey that aim and often fail to address various policy challenges through short-lived practices of multi-stakeholder action. Finally, this study emphasizes the importance of incorporating neo-institutional approaches to network analysis.

Details

Network Policy Making within the Turkish Health Sector: Becoming Collaborative
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83867-094-820201005
ISBN: 978-1-83867-095-5

Keywords

  • Network collaborative capacity (NCC)
  • content analysis
  • health sector
  • network embeddedness
  • policy networks
  • Turkey

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Article
Publication date: 10 May 2011

Health and medical tourism: a kill or cure for global public health?

C. Michael Hall

The major purpose of this introduction to the special issue of Tourism Review on health and medical tourism is to outline some of main issues that exist in the academic…

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Abstract

Purpose

The major purpose of this introduction to the special issue of Tourism Review on health and medical tourism is to outline some of main issues that exist in the academic literature in this rapidly developing field.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper reviews relevant health and medical tourism and cognate literature.

Findings

The paper identifies some of the interrelationships between different areas of health and medical tourism, including wellness and wellbeing tourism, dental tourism, stem‐cell tourism, transplant tourism, abortion tourism, and xeno‐tourism. Key to defining these areas are the relationships to concepts of wellness and illness and the extent to which regulation encourages individuals to engage in cross‐border purchase of health services and products. Key themes that emerge in the literature include regulation, ethics, the potential individual and public health risks associated with medical tourism, and the relative lack of information on the extent of medical tourism.

Social implications

The development of international medical tourism is demonstrated to have potentially significant implications for global public health.

Originality/value

The paper covers an extensive range of academic literature on international medical tourism which indicates the different approaches and emphases of research in different disciplines as well as the ideological and philosophical differences that exist with respect to health medical tourism. The paper also notes that some of the individual and public health risks of medical tourism are not usually incorporated into assessments of its potential economic benefits.

Details

Tourism Review, vol. 66 no. 1/2
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/16605371111127198
ISSN: 1660-5373

Keywords

  • Tourism
  • Medical treatment
  • Public health
  • International travel

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