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A COQ model plays an important role in the total quality cost survey. Based on the methodology of continuous quality improvement, a dynamic COQ model for different quality level is developed in this paper. A quality level is defined by Six Sigma level that can be measured by two indicators. The relationships among the four major quality costs are analyzed. Finally, the curves of total quality costs for different quality level are presented.

Total cost of ownership is a methodology and philosophy which looks beyond the price of a purchase to include many other purchaserelated costs. This approach has become increasingly important as organizations look for ways to better understand and manage their costs. Examines case studies of 11 firms which use total cost of ownership concepts in purchasing. Based on the case study data and the literature, barriers and benefits associated with the total cost of ownership approach are discussed. The total cost of ownership models used by the case study firms are classified by type as dollar‐based or value‐based, and an example of each is shown. The total cost of ownership models are then further classified by their primary usage: supplier selection or supplier evaluation. This cross classification reveals a strong relationship between model type and model usage. Concludes with a comparison of the models, recommendations for practitioners and a discussion of future research directions.

This study proposes targeted modernization of the Department of Defense (DoD's) Joint Forces Ammunition Logistics information system by implementing the optimized innovative information technology open architecture design and integrating Radio Frequency Identification Device data technologies and real-time optimization and control mechanisms as the critical technology components of the solution. The innovative information technology, which pursues the focused logistics, will be deployed in 36 months at the estimated cost of $568 million in constant dollars. We estimate that the Systems, Applications, Products (SAP)-based enterprise integration solution that the Army currently pursues will cost another $1.5 billion through the year 2014; however, it is unlikely to deliver the intended technical capabilities.

The purpose of this paper is to provide empirical evidence for competing representations of the prevention-appraisal-failure model of quality cost.

The authors conduct regression analysis on a secondary data set to reveal relationships among total cost of quality, its components and overall quality performance.

Total cost of quality and its failure cost component are significantly lower at higher levels of quality, while the prevention and appraisal cost components are not observed to be significantly higher at higher levels of quality. The authors propose a modification to the modern representation of the prevention-appraisal-failure model.

In manufacturing, ever higher levels of quality are associated with significantly lower quality cost.

Using a large, unique data set for secondary analysis, combined with employing a high-level measure for overall quality performance, the authors provide evidence for the aggregate explanatory power of prevalent representations of the prevention-appraisal-failure cost of quality model.

Numerous research articles and industry reports are currently available that deal with global sourcing, however, few articles and reports can be specifically found on sourcing packaging materials in the consumer packaged food (CPF) industry. The purpose of this paper is to understand and develop the supplier selection process and overall cost modeling that facilitates the selection of a high‐quality global supplier for low‐cost packaging materials used in large quantities for CPF products.

To gain information relating to packaging material sourcing, a comprehensive literature search was conducted. Additionally, interviews with packaging material sourcing managers and directors were performed at a major global CPF products manufacturer. Knowledge gained from literature, industry interviews and available business data was used to develop a generic strategic outsourcing model and a closed loop business framework for selection of global suppliers of packaging material. This framework utilizes the proposed total cost of ownership model for global sourcing and weighted qualitative criteria matrix demonstrating how it is used in global supplier selection.

The results of this study show a standardized supplier selection process and the total cost of ownership model for a CPF manufacturer which incorporates the different logistic costs such as tariffs, duties, inventory carrying levels and cost of quality. These two models are then merged into a selection matrix to determine with which supplier to enter into a long‐term supply relationship.

The paper combines both the relevant closed loop supplier selection modeling framework and the total cost of ownership model in the selection of supplier for low‐cost high‐volume CPF materials. It adds rigor regarding cost of ownership and emphasizes the need for a strategic rationale when entering into long‐term global supply relationships between CPF products manufacturers and packaging material suppliers.

The unpredictable failure of submersible pump (SP) in groundwater irrigation systems has considerable negative economic consequences. The purpose of this paper is to develop a total cost minimization model that aims to optimize maintenance actions for SP. It reports on simulation-based stochastic scenario analysis for evaluating total cost of maintenance.

Stochastic simulation modeling has been performed for failure of pump motor and corresponding maintenance. Five alternative scenarios were compared for total cost over 15 years starting with empirical data from a northern Ethiopian site. Downtime probabilities and spare part supply uncertainty have been considered in the mathematical model. The model is also validated using multiple ways.

The scenario comparisons indicate that despite the challenges of accessing SP doing one motor rewinding for each purchased pump system upon failure (preferably with shorter supply lead time and variability) seems to result in lowest overall costs for the time horizon considered.

The model should help to make informed practical decision regarding planning and management of SP failure systems in a developing economy context. This should, therefore, lead to better revenue for smallholder farmers and improved food security in similar context.

There are limited number of publications that consider the life cycle costs with stochastic analysis when it comes to maintenance of SPs. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no paper has previously directly addressed maintenance cost optimization for SP in irrigation. The study could be used to develop more sophisticated stochastic models with more efficient algorithms and consideration of additional sources of stochasticity for such system.

The purpose of this study is to present a report on the development of an improved mathematical model for quantifying the cost of quality. In addition, a simulation model is developed using real-life industrial data; the model is used to investigate the impact of certain quality control level plans on cost of quality.

The cost of the quality model was developed based on the reported literature and suggestion from the company quality control manager. An extensive discussion was conducted with the quality control supervisors in the company to develop some quality control plans to investigate their impact on cost of quality. A simulation model that represents a specific section of the process at the company was used to carry out the investigation. The results were analysed and compared with some important findings reported in the literature that describe the characteristics of costs of quality.

The simulation work provides valuable insights into the behavior of the different components that constitute the total cost of quality. The results show that reduction of failure costs can be achieved at low or no-subsequent increase in the non-conformance expenditure. In addition, it seems that the traditional accounting system approach may no longer be adequate since it depends mainly on direct labour costs. The results indicate that the direct labour cost is only contributing by about 3 percent of the total cost of quality.

This paper focuses on the development of a comprehensive model for quantifying the cost of quality in a semiconductor company. Future research is needed to expand the model for more complex process configuration. In addition, the developed model could be extended to deal with variant defect rates.

This study presents an advanced theoretical model for cost quality that enhanced models of quality presented in the literature. Using the developed cost of the quality model, a comprehensive simulation was carried out to investigate the impact of some quality plans on cost of quality. The study clearly indicates important evidence to justify the implementation of cost of quality models in real-life industry.

The purpose of this paper is to develop a decision support system to consider geographic information, logistics information and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission information to solve the proposed green inventory routing problem (GIRP) for a specific Taiwan publishing logistics firm.

A GIRP mathematical model is first constructed to help this specific publishing logistics firm to approximate to the optimal distribution system design. Next, two modified Heuristic-Tabu combination methods that combine savings approach, 2-opt and 1-1 λ-interchange heuristic approach with two modified Tabu search methods are developed to determine the optimum solution.

Several examples are given to illustrate the optimum total inventory routing cost, the optimum delivery routes, the economic order quantities, the optimum service levels, the reorder points, the optimum common review interval and the optimum maximum inventory levels of all convenience stores in these designed routes. Sensitivity analyses are conducted based on the parameters including truck loading capacity, inventory carrying cost percentages, unit shortage costs, unit ordering costs and unit transport costs to support optimal distribution system design regarding the total inventory routing cost and GHG emission level.

The most important finding is that GIRP model with reordering point inventory control policy should be applied for the first replenishment and delivery run and GIRP model with periodic review inventory control policy should be conducted for the remaining replenishment and delivery runs based on overall simulation results. The other very important finding concerning the global warming issue can help decision makers of GIRP distribution system to select the appropriate type of truck to deliver products to all retail stores located in the planned optimal delivery routes depending on GHG emission consumptions.

The traditional practice for maintenance, quality control and production scheduling is to plan independently irrespective of an interrelationship exist between them. The purpose of this paper is to develop an approach for integrating maintenance, quality control and production scheduling. The objective is to investigate the benefits of the integrated effect in terms of the expected total cost of system operation of the three functions.

The proposed approach is based on the conditional reliability of the components. Cost model for integrating selective maintenance, quality control using sampling-based procedure and production scheduling is developed using the conditional reliability. An integrated approach is such that, first an optimal schedule for the batches to be processed is obtained independently while the maintenance and quality control decisions are optimized considering the optimal schedule on the machine. The expected total cost of conventional approach, i.e. “No integration” is calculated to compare the effectiveness of integrated approach.

The integrated approach have shown a higher cost saving as compared to the independent planning approach. The approach is practical to implement as the results are obtained in a reasonable computational time.

The approach presented in this paper is generic and can be applied at planned as well as unplanned opportunities. The proposed integrated approach is dynamic in nature, as during maintenance opportunities, it is possible to optimize the decision on maintenance, quality control and production scheduling considering the current age of components and production requirement.

The originality of the paper is in the approach for integration of the three elements of shop floor operations that are usually treated separately and rarely touched upon by researchers in the literature.

The awareness for protecting the environment has resulted in remanufacturing and recycling policies in manufacturing industries. Carbon emission is one of the most important elements affecting the environment. Carbon emission due to production and transportation creates complicated situations for the manufacturing firms by affecting the manufacturer's carbon quota. The ecological consequences posed in a reverse logistic model are the subject of this study.

The present study explores the fuzzy model of economic production for both remanufacturing and recycling with uncertain cost parameters under the cap-and-trade rule to control the carbon emission due to different modes of transportation. Due to imprecise cost parameters, the hexagonal fuzzy numbers are set to fuzzify the overall cost, which leads to correct decisions in a more confident way. The result is defuzzified by using graded mean integration.

This study offers an explicit condition to control the carbon emission of the manufacturer and reduce the optimum cost. The findings indicate that the collection of used goods that can be remanufactured must be increased. The model is validated numerically. Sensitivity analysis explores the various aspects of different parameters on net cost to accomplish the fuzzy production model.

Under fuzzy inference, the research offers a relevant contribution in the field of recycling with controlling carbon emission by using the cap-and-trade policy. This study provides a trading strategy for a manufacturer's decision to avoid losses.