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The purpose of this paper is to present the control of a six degrees of freedom (DOF) robot arm (PUMA robot) using fuzzy PD + I controller. Numerical simulation using the dynamic model of six DOF robot arm shows the effectiveness of the approach in trajectory tracking problems. Comparative evaluation with respect to PID and fuzzy PID controls are presented to validate the controller design. The results presented emphasize that a satisfactory tracking precision could be achieved using fuzzy PD + I controller combination than fuzzy PID controller.

Control of a six DOF robot arm (PUMA Robot) using fuzzy PD + I controller.

The performance of fuzzy PD + I controllers improves appreciably compared to their respective fuzzy PID only or conventional PID counterparts.

Complexity of the proposed fuzzy PID controller is minimized as possible and only two design variables are used to adjust the rate of variations of the proportional gain and derivative gain.

The purpose of this paper is to focus on the advantages of a robotic time‐lapsed microscopic imaging system for tracking stem cells in in vitro biological assays which measure stem cell activities.

The unique aspects of the system include robotic movement of stem cell culture flasks which enables selection of a large number of regions of interest for data collection. Numerous locations of a cell culture flask can be explored and selected for time‐lapsed analysis. The system includes an environmentally controlled chamber to maintain experimental conditions including temperature, gas levels, and humidity, such that stem cells can be tracked by visible and epifluorescence imaging over extended periods of time.

This is an extremely unique system for both individual cell tracking and cell population tracking in real‐time with high‐throughput experimental capability. In comparison to a conventional manual cell culture and assay approach, this system provides stem cell biologists with the ability to quantify numerous and unique temporal changes in stem cell populations, this drastically reduces man‐hours, consumes fewer laboratory resources and provides standardization to biological assays.

Fundamental basic biology questions can be addressed using this approach.

Stem cells are often available only in small numbers – due both to their inherent low frequency in the post‐natal tissue as compared to somatic cells, and their slow growth rates. The unique capabilities of this robotic cell culture system allow for the study of cell populations which are few in number.

The robotic time‐lapsed imaging system is a novel approach to stem cell research.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the use of passive radio frequency identification (RFID) technology for environment mapping and surveillance by an autonomous mobile robot.

Proposes a fuzzy inference method to localize RFID tags in the environment.

Demonstrates that RFID technology can be successfully integrated in mobile robot systems to support navigation and provide the robot with mapping and surveillance capabilities.

Use of fuzzy reasoning to learn the model of the RFID device and localize the tags, enhancing the capability of the system to recognize and monitor the environment.

The SMART Group has been investigating joining methods for ball grid arrays (BGAs). Originally a development of IBM, and expected to be a dominant packaging technology, the BGA is best visualised as a legless PGA. It has the same advantages—high lead count, wide pitch, small area—but does not need holes. The problem of the BGA is that the interconnects are not visible. This places a high demand on process control and material selection — it really is a case of ‘right first time’. The investigation concentrated on this aspect.

Housing options for people with severe mental health problems are limited, and often restricted to types of property and areas which most of us would not choose to live in. Accommodation of good quality, in a welcoming and secure neighbourhood, can have a very positive effect on mental health service users' sense of well‐being. This article describes an innovation aimed at increasing housing choice for this particularly disadvantaged group, namely the shared ownership programme run by Advance Housing and Support Limited, a registered social landlord working across Central and Southern England with people with either a mental health problem or a learning disability.

British librianship was well represented at the International Federation of Library Association and Institutions (IFLA) 58th General Conference held in New Delhi, 30 August to 5 September 1992. With 1,500 delegates from 72 nations, ranging from Namibia and Estonia to the USA and Russia, it was truly a cosmopolitan jamboree held in the glittering, ultramodern Taj Palace International Hotel and Conference Centre.