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Article
Publication date: 1 March 1994

Cultural Adaptation – The ICL‐Nokia‐Data Merger 1991‐92

Andrew Mayo and Tony Hadaway

Developing people in an international context is a difficult andexpensive activity to manage. It is important that organizationsanalyse carefully the requirements they…

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Abstract

Developing people in an international context is a difficult and expensive activity to manage. It is important that organizations analyse carefully the requirements they have, and formulate a strategy accordingly. Examines the factors to be taken into account, and the types of international development that can meet business needs. Describes the case of ICL with respect to its alliance with Nokia Data: the reasons to merge, the integration process in creating a “merged” culture and the implications for management development.

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Journal of Management Development, vol. 13 no. 2
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/02621719410050282
ISSN: 0262-1711

Keywords

  • Business development
  • Corporate strategy
  • Europe
  • Finland
  • ICL
  • National cultures
  • Human resource management

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Article
Publication date: 1 December 2000

International relationship marketing ‐ The importance of psychic distance

Tony Conway and Jonathan S. Swift

This conceptual paper outlines why, when working in the international as opposed to the domestic environment, the success of a relationship marketing strategy is heavily…

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Abstract

This conceptual paper outlines why, when working in the international as opposed to the domestic environment, the success of a relationship marketing strategy is heavily dependent on levels of psychic distance. The higher the level of psychic distance, the greater the time and effort required to develop successful business relationships. At the different stages of relationship development, different variables of psychic distance assume relatively greater levels of importance which are likely to have implications for the implementation of a relationship marketing strategy.

Details

European Journal of Marketing, vol. 34 no. 11/12
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560010348641
ISSN: 0309-0566

Keywords

  • Relationship marketing
  • International marketing
  • Marketing strategy
  • International business

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Article
Publication date: 1 August 2008

It's just another war!

Pauline Collins

This paper aims to raise awareness and the level of debate on a significant new development in international law.

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Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to raise awareness and the level of debate on a significant new development in international law.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper takes a historical overview in considering current approaches to the phenomenon of private military corporations (PMCs) and uses case examples to discuss the issues raised.

Findings

The paper concludes that the phenomenon raises many issues that need further analysis, such as the outcome of this phenomenon on the future of democracy in sovereign states.

Research limitations/implications

The topic allows for much further research into such matters as definitional, jurisdictional and enforceability issues with regard to corporate entities known as PMCs.

Practical implications

For peace and human rights to prevail in democracies in which the state maintains the monopoly on the use of force, the paper argues that PMCs should be prohibited rather than subjected to mere regulation.

Originality/value

The paper is the first to use the term “preyfits” in describing the actions of transnational corporations. While most scholars argue for regulation of PMCs, this paper argues for their total prohibition.

Details

Social Responsibility Journal, vol. 4 no. 3
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/17471110810892866
ISSN: 1747-1117

Keywords

  • International law
  • War

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