Search results
1 – 10 of 467Geri A. Dino, Kimberly A. Horn and Heather Meit
Presents findings from the pilot study of a gender‐sensitive adolescent smoking cessation programme called Not On Tobacco (N‐O‐T). N‐O‐T is a school‐based programme designed to…
Abstract
Presents findings from the pilot study of a gender‐sensitive adolescent smoking cessation programme called Not On Tobacco (N‐O‐T). N‐O‐T is a school‐based programme designed to help teenagers stop smoking or reduce cigarette use among those who are unable to quit completely. A total of 29 adolescents from three high schools in West Virginia participated (19 females and 10 males ranging between 14 and 18 years old). Smoking abstinence was measured using self‐report and was verified by exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) readings. At three months post baseline, total abstinence for programme participants was 22 per cent and reduction rates ranged from 30 per cent to 96 per cent. At four months post‐baseline, 44 per cent of the boys and 14 per cent of the girls reported being smoke free. Findings from this pilot study suggest that N‐O‐T warrants further investigation and redesign with emphasis on more highly prescribed, gender‐sensitive intervention strategies. Consequently, a completely new programme has been developed and is currently being evaluated.
Details
Keywords
Oliwier Dziadkowiec and Reese Jenniges
The purpose of this paper is to understand how the Wyoming Quit Tobacco Program (WQTP) is used by its subscribers and to better understand how WQTP might be connected to WQTP…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to understand how the Wyoming Quit Tobacco Program (WQTP) is used by its subscribers and to better understand how WQTP might be connected to WQTP outcomes.
Design/methodology/approach
Provider intake and program use data corresponding to the May 2010 to March 2012 enrollment period (n=6,168) were used. All program flows were constructed using frequencies and crosstabs, based on an initial theoretical model prepared by the program provider. Data were adjusted based on analysis that explored all possible uses beyond those specified by the provider’s theoretical model.
Findings
Although the authors could replicate the structure – the theoretical model constructed by the provider – the authors were not able to replicate all relationships between program components. The authors also found that most individuals signed up and used web-based services. Only a few individuals finished their treatment regimens in the way they were designed to be used by the program.
Originality/value
This is the first case study to use a program flow method to investigate an entire comprehensive tobacco cessation program structure and delivery.
Details
Keywords
Kimberly Horn, Geri Dino, Xin Gao and Aiman Momani
Presents a feasibility study on the American Lung Association’s new teenage smoking cessation programme, Not On Tobacco (N‐O‐T). Examines participant and facilitator reactions to…
Abstract
Presents a feasibility study on the American Lung Association’s new teenage smoking cessation programme, Not On Tobacco (N‐O‐T). Examines participant and facilitator reactions to N‐O‐T, facilitator training, recruitment, participant attendance and retention, and immediate post‐programme efficacy. Programme efficacy was assessed by comparing the quit rates and mean cigarette reduction of high school smokers who received N‐O‐T with those receiving a brief intervention. Findings regarding programme acceptability, facilitator training, recruitment, and attendance and retention were consistently positive. Evaluation data suggested that N‐O‐T is “user friendly” and acceptable for use in school settings. The programme had a significant impact on both quitting and smoking reduction, and furthermore, appeared to be effective for males and females and for young people from different geographic areas.
Details
Keywords
Pamela Valera, Robert Joseph Taylor and Linda M. Chatters
Introduction. This study examined the association between self-rated physical and oral health, cigarette smoking, and history of criminal justice contact (i.e., never arrested;…
Abstract
Introduction. This study examined the association between self-rated physical and oral health, cigarette smoking, and history of criminal justice contact (i.e., never arrested; arrested, but never incarcerated; or incarcerated in reform school, detention, jail, or prison) among African American men and women. Methods. We conducted descriptive statistical, linear regression, and multinomial regression analyses of the African American subsample (n = 3,570) from the National Survey of American Life (2001–2003). Results. Overall, African American women reported lower arrest rates and histories of incarceration than African American men. Additionally, we found that criminal justice contact was associated with lower self-rated physical health and oral health and higher levels of smoking for both men and women. African American women who had been arrested and detained in facilities other than jail had more chronic health problems than their male counterparts. Furthermore, having been arrested or spent time in a reform school, detention center, jail, or prison significantly increased the odds of African American men being a current smoker. Lastly, among African American women, those who had any level of criminal justice contact were likely to be current smokers and former smokers compared to those without a history of criminal justice contact. Conclusion. Addressing the health of African Americans with criminal justice contact is a critical step in reducing health disparities and improving the overall health and well-being of African American men and women. Furthermore, attention to differences by gender and specific types of criminal justice contact are important for a more precise understanding of these relationships.
Details
Keywords
Ciska Hoving, Aart N. Mudde, Froukje Dijk and Hein de Vries
The purpose of this paper is to test the effectiveness of a computer‐tailored smoking cessation intervention, distributed through 75 Dutch general practices (GP) and 65 pharmacies…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to test the effectiveness of a computer‐tailored smoking cessation intervention, distributed through 75 Dutch general practices (GP) and 65 pharmacies (PH) in a randomised control trial.
Design/methodology/approach
Respondents receive a tailored letter or a thank you letter (control condition). Main outcome measures are a quit attempt, seven‐day abstinence and continued abstinence at follow‐up (PH: three and 12 months, GP: six months). Effect of use and appreciation of the tailored letter are also tested.
Findings
In total, 1,019 smokers are recruited (545 in PH study, 474 in GP study). At 12‐month follow‐up (PH), respondents receiving the tailored letter report quit attempts significantly more often. No main effects are found in the GP sample. However, reading the tailored letter more than once (GP) and talking with others about the tailored letter (PH) are borderline significant predictors of quitting and point prevalence abstinence.
Research limitations/implications
Positive effects of the intervention in a previous efficacy study are not repeated. The possible influence of power, social desirability and testing effect, extraneous events, the availability of the intervention outside the study and data entry issues are presented.
Practical implications
Possible explanations for the results found in the study and improvements of the intervention are discussed. This can guide researchers in future smoking cessation intervention development and testing.
Originality/value
The paper aims to replicate findings from a previously conducted efficacy study under real‐life circumstances.
Details
Keywords
Marilyn V. Whitman and Phillip Adam Harbison
This paper aims to examine the level of smoke‐free policies in general hospitals and the barriers faced in implementing restrictive policies banning smoking inside buildings and…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to examine the level of smoke‐free policies in general hospitals and the barriers faced in implementing restrictive policies banning smoking inside buildings and on surrounding grounds.
Design/methodology/approach
A survey was developed to gather data on hospitals' current smoke‐free policies, including the challenges faced when implementing such a policy or the barriers to implementing one. The surveys were directed to the chief executive officers (CEOs) of Alabama general hospitals. Responses from 47 hospital CEOs, representing 46.5 percent of the total population were obtained.
Findings
Over one‐quarter of respondents were found to have restrictive smoke‐free policies. Of this group, over one‐third experienced a hostile response from employees that smoked. Nearly 85 percent indicated that they made smoking cessation resources available to their employees. Of those that did not have a restrictive smoke‐free policy, fear of employee and patient backlash was cited as the most common deterrent against implementing such a policy.
Practical implications
Studies show that restrictive smoke‐free workplace policies have altered employees' smoking prevalence and consumption. Given the recent reports on the dangers of secondhand smoke, hospitals should reduce the risk of exposure to secondhand smoke for employees, patients, and visitors. Furthermore, restrictive smoke‐free policies may help to increase hospitals' bottom line.
Originality/value
A study examining restrictive smoke‐free policies in general hospitals and challenges faced in implementing such policies is absent from the literature. Identifying the barriers faced may help health care facilities to avoid or overcome these barriers when implementing such policies. The paper addresses the issues involved.
Details
Keywords
James F. Gilsinan, James E. Fisher, Muhammad Q. Islam, Henry M. Ordower and Wassim Shahin
Efforts to combat corruption in society often seem to resemble a game of whack-a-mole. When dealt with in one sector of the society, it pops up in another, and while that is being…
Abstract
Purpose
Efforts to combat corruption in society often seem to resemble a game of whack-a-mole. When dealt with in one sector of the society, it pops up in another, and while that is being dealt with, it again raises its ugly head in the place where it had appeared to be suppressed. This paper aims to present a model of how corruption spreads based on an alternative view of its main components.
Design/methodology/approach
Key elements of the model are analyzed by applying them to particular examples of systemic ethical failures using a variety of mini cases across a number of policy areas.
Findings
Corruption is based on conformity rather than rule breaking. Furthermore, personal or corporate gains are not sufficient as causes of ethically problematic actions. More fundamentally, survival of the organizational enterprise is the driving force in spreading corrupt behavior.
Practical implications
This paper concludes with a discussion of the model’s efficacy for formulating legislative solutions for ethical lapses in a particular policy area. Again, a mini cases study is used to illustrate the main points of the argument.
Originality/value
Viewing systemic ethical failures through this alternative lens may well result in more effective ways to combat the spread of corrupt practices.
Details
Keywords
Cecilia M. Watkins, Gretchen Macy, Grace Lartey and Vijay Golla
The purpose of this paper is to conduct a statewide assessment of worksite health promotion (WHP) programs to identify the number of comprehensive programs and the health needs of…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to conduct a statewide assessment of worksite health promotion (WHP) programs to identify the number of comprehensive programs and the health needs of worksites in Kentucky.
Design/methodology/approach
A random sample of 1,200 worksites in Kentucky was selected to receive the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Worksite Health ScoreCard to collect cross-sectional information on their health promotion practices.
Findings
Few worksites in Kentucky have WHP programs and even fewer have comprehensive programs. More businesses rely on health insurance to treat chronic diseases than WHP programs to reduce chronic diseases. Small companies were less likely than larger companies to have WHP programs and less likely to have intentions of starting a program.
Research limitations/implications
The response rate of 37 percent was a potential threat to external validity. Respondents had to recall activities conducted during the past 12 months, which could have led to recall bias. Response bias was a potential, as many of the respondents were human resources personnel who may not be as familiar with WHP programs in their worksites. Lastly, four sections of the survey had yet to be validated.
Practical implications
WHP programs, if accessible and comprehensive, have the potential to improve the working population’s health status.
Originality/value
Very little information on the availability and effectiveness of health promotion programs at worksites is available. A statewide assessment on WHP programs has never been conducted in Kentucky.
Details
Keywords
Grant Beebe, Milorad Novicevic, Ifeoluwa Tobi Popoola and Joseph (Jody) Holland
The purpose of this paper is to develop a 5As framework for entrepreneurial nudge public leadership for health and wellness promotion based on two exemplary cases in Mississippi.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop a 5As framework for entrepreneurial nudge public leadership for health and wellness promotion based on two exemplary cases in Mississippi.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors use a “case within a case” study design to develop the 5As public influence framework for entrepreneurial public leadership.
Findings
Based on the investigated cases of healthcare and wellness promotion in Hernando and Charleston, Mississippi, the authors developed the 5As framework for wellness promotion dimensions of awareness, assistance, alignment, association, and assessment. This framework is applicable to the lived experiences of community members, leaders, healthcare providers, and government.
Research limitations/implications
The study results provide a compelling insight into early-stage formation of entrepreneurial public leadership. However, the study results lack generalizability due to the case study approach used.
Practical implications
This study can assist entrepreneurial public leaders and policy-makers align their strategic wellness goals, initiatives, and policies that motivate community members to seek and receive supporting services.
Originality/value
Developing an original framework for wellness promotion useful to both healthcare practitioners and public leaders, this study contributes to the extant literature on public health leadership and proposes mechanisms for addressing community wellness needs. The framework is designed to address public health concerns by integrating public leadership strategies aimed at linking with existing community wellness and healthcare services.
Details
Keywords
Timo Dietrich, Erin Hurley, Julia Carins, Jay Kassirer, Sharyn Rundle-Thiele, Robert W. Palmatier, Rowena Merritt, Scott K. Weaven and Nancy Lee
The purpose of this paper is synthesise social marketing literature over the past fifty years and deliver a set of guiding tenets to propel social marketing’s agenda forward.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is synthesise social marketing literature over the past fifty years and deliver a set of guiding tenets to propel social marketing’s agenda forward.
Design/methodology/approach
Across three strands, this paper amalgamates theoretical and practitioner evidence from social marketing. This synthesis commences with a review, summary and critical discussion of five decades of social marketing research. Across Strands 2 and 3, the authors review 412 social marketing interventions reported across 10 evidence reviews and 238 case studies.
Findings
This paper demonstrates social marketing’s use of fundamental marketing principles and capability to achieve behaviour change outcomes. Social marketers have built frameworks and processes that non-profit organisations, government agencies and policymakers seeking to enact change can use. This paper delivers five tenets that summarise the findings of the three strands and delivers research priorities for the next 50 years of social marketing research to drive the field forward.
Research limitations/implications
Drawing on five decades of learning, this paper proposes research priorities that can be applied to refine, recalibrate and future-proof social marketing’s success in making the world a better place.
Practical implications
This paper demonstrates the value of social marketing science and helps bridge gaps between theory and practice, and further strengthens social marketing’s value proposition. This paper provides confidence that money invested in social marketing programs is well spent.
Originality/value
This paper delivers a forward-looking perspective and provides social marketing academics and practitioners with confidence that it can assist in overcoming society’s most pressing issues. The paper encompasses key social marketing literature since it was founded 50 years ago. Five tenets will guide social marketing forward: evidencing marketing principles, operationalisation of processes, principles and activities, implementing systems thinking, creating and testing marketing theory and guiding a new social marketing era.
Details