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The purpose of this paper is to highlight some initial efforts within Her Majesty’s Prison and Probation Service (HMPPS) to develop digitally enabled services supporting the rehabilitation of service users. It is not designed to set out either HMPPS policy on digital rehabilitative services or the position of HMPPS Interventions Services on this subject. Rather, it is a short exposition of the authors’ views on the potential of digitally enabled strategies to enhance interventions in forensic settings. In this context, the authors will also describe the development of the first digitally enabled rehabilitation service accessed via HMPPS in-room computer terminals.

The authors have reviewed current literature and outlined how the authors have and are aiming to add to this area of work.

This general review outlines the authors’ views on the potential of digitally enabled strategies for improving interventions in forensic settings.

This paper is a short exposition of the authors’ views on the potential of digitally enabled strategies to enhance interventions in forensic settings. In this context, the authors will also describe the development of the first digitally enabled rehabilitation service accessed via HMPPS in-room computer terminals.

The purpose of this paper is to provide an insight and to solve numerically the identification of timewise terms and free boundaries coefficient appearing in the heat equation from over-determination conditions.

The formulated coefficient identification problem is inverse and ill-posed, and therefore, to obtain a stable solution, a nonlinear Tikhonov regularization least-squares approach is used. For the numerical discretization, the finite difference method combined with a regularized nonlinear minimization is performed using the MATLAB subroutine lsqnonlin.

The numerical results presented for two examples show the efficiency of the computational method and the accuracy and stability of the numerical solution even in the presence of noise in the input data.

The mathematical formulation is restricted to identify coefficients in unknown components dependent on time, and this may be considered as a research limitation. However, there is no research implication to overcome this, as the known input data is also limited to single temperature in heat equation with Stefan conditions, and the first- and second-order heat moments measurements at a particular time location.

As noisy data are inverted, the study models real situations in which practical measurements are inherently contaminated with noise.

The identification of the timewise terms and free boundaries will be of great interest in the heat transfer community and related fluid flow applications.

The current investigation advances previous studies, which assumed that the coefficient multiplying the lower order temperature term depends on time. The knowledge of this physical property coefficient is very important in heat transfer and fluid flow. The originality lies in the insight gained by performing for the numerical simulations of inversion to find the timewise terms and free boundaries coefficient dependent on time in the heat equation from noisy measurements.

The purpose of this paper is to set out an approach to innovation in criminal justice settings that gives service users a “voice” through the co-production of digital content designed for services that promote desistance. The authors describe the benefits and challenges of involving service users in co-creating mediated digital content within a co-production framework.

This paper presents a new methodology for developing desistance-oriented programmes. The authors draw on a distinctive co-production exemplar within a prison setting that captures the perspectives of people who have shared their voices and the authors begin to explore the impact that co-production has had for them and for the service.

The testimonies of service users involved in this exemplar provide insights into the benefits and challenges of co-production in the criminal justice system more broadly.

Co-production is a credible service design strategy for developing digital services in prisons and probation; Complementary Digital Media (CDM) provides a promising pedagogical approach to promoting desistance; CDM enables service users to share their voice and stories to assist their peers. Digitally enabled courses to promote desistance can be well suited to peer support delivery models.

CDM is a novel approach that uses co-production to create highly tailored content to promote desistance in discrete target groups. CDM can be used to digitalise processes within traditional offending behaviour programmes (OBPs). It can also enable the development of innovative toolkit approaches for flexible use within day-to-day therapeutic conversations between service users and criminal justice staff or peer supporters. CDM thereby offers practitioners in criminal justice settings an entirely new set of evidence-informed resources to engage service users.

Solves the inverse problem of estimating the wall heat flux in a parallel plate channel, by using the conjugate gradient method with adjoint equation. The unknown heat flux is supposed to vary in time and along the channel flow direction. Examines the accuracy of the present function estimation approach, by using transient simulated measurements of several sensors located inside the channel. The inverse problem is solved for different functional forms of the unknown wall heat flux, including those containing sharp corners and discontinuities, which are the most difficult to be recovered by an inverse analysis. Addresses the effects on the inverse problem solution of the number of sensors, as well as their locations.

A theoretical and experimental study is performed to investigate unsteady, two‐dimensional, incompressible fluid flow over both sides of a slot‐perforated flat surface, which is placed in a two‐dimensional channel. The governing boundary‐layer equations are discretized by means of a finite‐difference technique to determine streamwise and transverse velocity components. The roles of both the Reynolds number and the ratio of the slot width, d, to the plate thickness, δ, on the velocity field are disclosed. It is found from the study that: (i) the flow pattern between two plates can be classified into four categories depending on a combination of Re and d/δ, (ii) at a small value of Re and/or d/δ, flow over the slot exhibits no timewise variation, (iii) when Re and d/δ exceed certain values, an alternate crossing of flow from one side of the plate to the other occurs across the slot, and (iv) a further increase in Re results in a complex flow both inside the slot and on the plate downstream of the slot. These results are confirmed by the flow visualization using ion‐exchange resins.

A numerical study is reported of natural convection melting of ice within a vertical cylinder. A stream function‐vorticity‐temperature formulation is employed in conjunction with body‐fitted coordinates for tracking the irregular shape of the timewise varying solid‐liquid interface. A parabolic density profile versus temperature is assumed for water. Numerical experiments are carried out for a temperature of the cylinder wall ranging from 4°C to 10°C. Results show that natural convection heat transfer involving density anomaly leads to complex flow patterns and strongly affects the time evolution of the phase front. The maximum Nusselt number at the heated cylinder wall is obtained for Tw = 4°C while the minimum is observed for Tw = 8°C.

This paper aims to compare the effects of Islamic and commercial banks on economic growth among the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries during 2001–2009 (before and during the financial crisis) and 2010–2017 (after the financial crisis).

The authors use a cross-sectionally correlated and timewise autoregressive (CCTA) model. The authors also extend the theoretical endogenous growth model developed by Pagano (1993) by introducing the developments in Islamic and commercial financial markets.

The authors find that Islamic banks fueled economic growth more than conventional banks before and after the financial crisis. The authors conclude that finance is a major determinant of economic growth, but finance does not follow economic growth. The results show that the ethical principles of Islamic finance can positively affect economic growth.

The authors contribute to the empirical literature first by examining feedback causality and cointegration between the banking sector and economic growth by examining the impact of the interaction between the banking sector and rule of law on economic growth in the GCC countries instead of a single country, second by providing both of the theoretical and empirical analysis and third by distinguishing between Islamic and conventional banks.

This chapter investigates the origins of cross-sectoral collaboration by exploring when and why policy networks form within the Turkish health sector – a least likely case for network formation. The analysis presented here draws on information collected from a number of official documents, semi-structured interviews with professional experts, and two multi-stakeholder meetings. Timewise, networks entered the policy jargon during the introduction of the Health Transformation Program in 2003. Yet, the years between 2011 and 2015 were ground-breaking in producing concrete cross-sectoral collaborative instruments of policy making. The findings of the analysis reveal that policy networks form as a result of central government’s choice to devolve responsibility and expand the policy space with new issues and actors. Moreover, policy networks emerge not only during the times of policy change which has a reactionary, abrupt, and nature but also during the times of policy stability and legitimacy. These contextual factors are crucial in maintaining an atmosphere of trust among stakeholders, particularly between state and non-state actors. The refugee crisis and spreading securitization discourse in the post-2015 period explain the shifting policy and political agenda leading to public sector retrenchment from cross-sectoral projects within the field of health. This chapter intends to contribute to the literature of comparative public policy by examining the link between policy networks and policy change in addition to adding to the debates on network governance by exploring the processes of network formation. Finally, this chapter contributes to Turkish studies by examining the process of network formation within the Turkish health sector.

The study described here aims to set forth an analysis approach for a specific biomedical therapeutic device principally involving fluid mechanics and resulting sound generation. The function of the therapeutic device is to clear mucus from the airways of the lungs. Clearance of the airways is a primary means of relief for cystic fibrosis and is also effective in less profound dysfunctions such as asthma. The complete system consists of a device to periodically pulse air pressure and a vest that girdles the abdomen of the patient and receives and discharges the pulsating airflow. The source of pulsed air can be tuned both with respect to the amplitude and frequency of the pressure pulsations.

The key design tools used here are computational fluid dynamics and the theory of turbulence-based sound generation. The fluid flow inside of the device is multidimensional, unsteady and turbulent.

Results provided by the fluid mechanic study include the rates of fluid flow between the device and the inflatable vest, the rates of air supplied to and extracted from the device, the fluid velocity magnitudes and directions that result from the geometry of the device and the magnitude of the turbulence generated by the fluid motion and the rotating component of the device. Both the velocity magnitudes and the strength of the turbulence contribute to the quantitative evaluation of the sound generation.

A comprehensive literature search on this type of therapeutic device to clear mucus from the airways of the lungs revealed no previous analysis of the fluid flow and sound generation inside of the device producing the pulsed airflow. The results presented in this paper pinpoint the locations and causes of sound generation that can cause audible discomfort for patients.

The inverse problem of identifying the time-dependent potential coefficient along with the temperature in the fourth-order Boussinesq–Love equation (BLE) with initial and boundary conditions supplemented by mass measurement is, for the first time, numerically investigated. From the literature, the authors already know that this inverse problem has a unique solution. However, the problem is still ill-posed by being unstable to noise in the input data.

For the numerical discretization, the authors apply the Crank–Nicolson finite difference method along with the Tikhonov regularization for finding a stable and accurate approximate solution. The resulting nonlinear minimization problem is solved using the MATLAB routine lsqnonlin. Both exact and numerically simulated noisy input data are inverted.

The present computational results demonstrate that obtained solutions are stable and accurate.

The inverse problem presented in this paper was already showed to be locally uniquely solvable, but no numerical identification has been studied yet. Therefore, the main aim of the present work is to undertake the numerical realization. The von Neumann stability analysis is also discussed.