Search results

21 – 30 of over 2000
Book part
Publication date: 26 September 2011

Charlene M. Kalenkoski, David C. Ribar and Leslie S. Stratton

We investigate how household disadvantage affects the time use of 15–18 year olds using 2003–2006 data from the American Time Use Survey. Applying competing-risk hazard models, we…

Abstract

We investigate how household disadvantage affects the time use of 15–18 year olds using 2003–2006 data from the American Time Use Survey. Applying competing-risk hazard models, we distinguish between the incidence and duration of activities and incorporate the daily time constraint. We find that teens living in disadvantaged households spend less time in nonclassroom educational activities than other teens. Girls spend some of this time in work activities, suggesting that they are taking on adult roles. However, we find more evidence of substitution into unsupervised activities, suggesting that it may be less-structured environments that reduce educational investment.

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Research in Labor Economics
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78052-333-0

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Article
Publication date: 1 April 1994

Robert East, Wendy Lomax, Gill Willson and Patricia Harris

Reports on the results from a consumer survey of shopping trips tosupermarkets in England and Wales. Most people exhibit habits about whenthey do their main trip to the…

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Abstract

Reports on the results from a consumer survey of shopping trips to supermarkets in England and Wales. Most people exhibit habits about when they do their main trip to the supermarket: 61 per cent have a usual day and 67 per cent a usual time of day. Most shoppers state that they could shop at other times but give reasons for their actual times that reflect situational pressures such as the pattern of work and nearness to the weekend. Many people state that they deliberately avoid busy shopping times and the survey showed that a small number of these people do so. However, there was no significant tendency for those who dislike checkout delay to shop at quieter times than for those who are tolerant of this delay. Store operators cannot change the main situational factors that control the time of use of stores and this limits their ability to influence when people shop. Nevertheless, the survey indicated that some increase in the use of off‐peak times could be achieved by permanent in‐store changes and better promotion of the off‐peak times.

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European Journal of Marketing, vol. 28 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0309-0566

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Article
Publication date: 11 December 2019

Xiaoyun Wu and Cynthia Lum

Empirical research suggests that traffic enforcement is the most common type of proactive activity police officers engage in on a daily basis. Further, agencies often use traffic…

Abstract

Purpose

Empirical research suggests that traffic enforcement is the most common type of proactive activity police officers engage in on a daily basis. Further, agencies often use traffic enforcement to achieve both traffic safety and crime control. Given these goals, the purpose of this paper is to investigate whether (and to what extent) officers are accurately targeting their proactive traffic enforcement with crime and vehicle crashes in two agencies.

Design/methodology/approach

The study examines traffic enforcement patterns in two agencies to see whether proactive traffic enforcement aligns spatially with crime and vehicle crashes. This study employs negative binomial regression models with clustered standard errors to investigate this alignment at the micro-spatial level. Key variables of interest are measured with police calls for service data, traffic citation data and vehicle crash data from two law enforcement jurisdictions.

Findings

High levels of spatial association are observed between traffic accidents and crime in both agencies, lending empirical support to the underlying theories of traffic enforcement programs that also try to reduce crime (i.e. “DDACTS”). In both agencies, traffic accidents also appear to be the most prominent predictor of police proactive traffic enforcement activities, even across different times of day. However, when vehicle crashes are accounted for, the association between crime and traffic stops is weaker, even during times of day when agencies believe they are using proactive traffic enforcement as a crime deterrent.

Originality/value

No prior study to authors knowledge has examined the empirical association between police proactive traffic activities and crime and traffic accidents in practice. The current study seeks to fill that void by investigating the realities of traffic stops as practiced daily by police officers, and their alignment with crime and vehicle crashes. Such empirical inquiry is especially important given the prevalent use of traffic enforcement as a common proactive policing tool by police agencies to control both traffic and crime problems.

Details

Policing: An International Journal, vol. 43 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1363-951X

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Article
Publication date: 7 November 2008

Matthew L. Collins and Naim Kapucu

The aim of this research is to better inform public policy makers and the disaster management community about the use of early warning systems. The central research question of…

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Abstract

Purpose

The aim of this research is to better inform public policy makers and the disaster management community about the use of early warning systems. The central research question of this article is how local governments should provide early warning to the citizenry of impending tornado danger.

Design/methodology/approach

The main objectives of the paper were achieved by reviewing the literature on early warning systems for tornadoes and by conducting a content analysis of news reports, from the Orlando Sentinel newspaper, which identified the most cost‐effective early warning system for tornadoes. The theoretical approach of the paper covered the responses, results, and recommendations themes from the disaster management early warning system literature.

Findings

The study concludes with a disaster management policy recommendation for an early warning system for tornadoes for local government. The paper's recommendation is to utilize the cost‐effective NOAA weather radios to alert the citizenry of impending tornado danger. This recommendation is also generalizable to early warning systems for hurricanes, flash flooding, terrorist attacks, and other major natural and man‐made disasters.

Research limitations/implications

A research limitation is that the paper focuses on Central Florida. Future research could begin with the paper's findings and generalize these findings to other areas internationally.

Practical implications

The paper will better inform governmental policy makers and members of the disaster management community about the early warning system alternatives available to warn the citizenry of impending tornado danger. It will hopefully begin a dialogue among disaster management practitioners and academics about early warning systems for tornadoes.

Originality/value

The paper fills a gap in the tornado early warning system literature. Heretofore, there has been little writing, which this paper reviews, that compares early warning systems for tornadoes. However, the original value of the paper is that it specifically focuses on the instrument of warning the citizenry of tornadoes, the time of day of the tornado event, and the life‐saving effects of tornado warnings. The value of the paper will be to public policy makers world‐wide and to the growing disaster management community.

Details

Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal, vol. 17 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0965-3562

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Article
Publication date: 1 October 2003

Raphael N. Markellos, Terence Mills and Costas Siriopoulos

This paper employs three months of observations sampled at 60‐second intervals to analyzethe behavior of two basket indices from the emerging Athens Stock Exchange: the General…

Abstract

This paper employs three months of observations sampled at 60‐second intervals to analyze the behavior of two basket indices from the emerging Athens Stock Exchange: the General Index of the Main (Listed) Securities Market and the Index of the Secondary (Unlisted) Securities Market. The empirical analysis employs robust regression using dummy variables to uncover a rich variety of time‐of‐day regularities in the first four moments of the distribution of returns, the tail behavior, and the dynamic and cross‐dynamic behavior of the two markets. Markets tend to behave differently during their opening and closing, while results are invariably sensitive to outliers. Overall, the results are comparable to those reported for developed equity markets. However, in contrast to other studies, we find no conclusive evidence of long‐memory in either the mean or variance process. ARMA models of seasonally differenced absolute returns were used as a simple but effective way of dealing with the strong regularity in volatility.

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Managerial Finance, vol. 29 no. 9
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0307-4358

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Article
Publication date: 1 July 2011

Zhang Zongxin and Zhang Xiao

The purpose of this paper is to explain what information is contained in mutual funds' trading behaviors and to try to further assess the impact on the stock market.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explain what information is contained in mutual funds' trading behaviors and to try to further assess the impact on the stock market.

Design/methodology/approach

The objective is achieved by an empirical examination using the high‐frequency intraday data. The main methods used for the research are the autoregressive conditional duration model and the UHF‐GARCH model.

Findings

This paper gives an empirical study of mutual funds' behavior on two aspects. The first aspect is the direct impact on micro variables. The results show that mutual funds changing their positions will have different influences to the spread, adding position broadens the spread, while decreasing position makes the spread narrow; behaviors of funds change the clustering characteristic of the duration. The second aspect is the impact on the relationships among micro variables. The results indicate that trading started by liquidity buyers will make volatility larger.

Research limitations/implications

This paper supposes funds as informed traders and individual investors as liquidity traders in China's stock market. If it is not true, some interpretations of empirical results would be wrong. The authors' results may help researchers to understand the information content of funds' trading behaviors in the microstructure aspect.

Originality/value

The paper is an original work, which will be interesting to scholars in market microstructure and to practitioners in the Chinese stock market. The main contributions of the paper are: the use of high‐frequency data to study funds' behaviors and combine the trading duration and investors' trading behavior to analyze the information content of trading behaviors; second, the use of 14 stock samples in the Shanghai Stock Exchange to do the empirical study, which ensures the reliability of the results.

Details

China Finance Review International, vol. 1 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2044-1398

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Article
Publication date: 1 October 2000

Sydney Roslow, Tiger Li and J.A.F. Nicholls

Explores seasonal differences in the purchase behaviour of shoppers in Cyprus. The analysis investigates situational factors and demographic/lifestyle attributes associated with…

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Abstract

Explores seasonal differences in the purchase behaviour of shoppers in Cyprus. The analysis investigates situational factors and demographic/lifestyle attributes associated with consumers’ shopping behaviour in summer and winter. The situational factors include the frequency with which consumers shopped in a large Cypriot market, the usual time of day they shopped, their travel time to the market, the time they spent in it, and whether they were motivated by price/value considerations; the demographic/lifestyle elements encompassed age, gender, education, income, and the transportation mode consumers employed to reach the market. Differences were found in shopping patterns between the two seasons. For instance, in the winter, consumers purchased adult’s clothing to a greater extent than in the summer. In contrast, in the summer consumers purchased more food or beverage and spent more money than in the winter. Based on the findings, the paper includes explicit recommendations for marketing action. The results indicate that store managers can be proactive in their marketing efforts by being aware of situational influences on customers’ purchase behaviour.

Details

European Journal of Marketing, vol. 34 no. 9/10
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0309-0566

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Case study
Publication date: 14 September 2017

Jan Hilario, Maik Meusel, Walt Pohl and Karl Schmedders

Jennifer McDougall is considering investing in mutual funds for the first time, and has narrowed her options down to three: one that is domiciled in Germany, and two that are…

Abstract

Jennifer McDougall is considering investing in mutual funds for the first time, and has narrowed her options down to three: one that is domiciled in Germany, and two that are domiciled in Luxembourg. As a cautious and risk-averse investor, Jennifer has done extensive research on the three funds, and has come across a curious fact: the beta of the German fund is surprisingly low. After speaking to her financial planner, she learns there is no legal requirement in Germany for mutual funds to compute net asset values at a particular time of the day. If the German fund is closing its books in the middle of the day and its net asset values reflect its midday holdings, rather than end-of-day holdings, this could explain the low beta. Thus, the German fund might appear less risky, without actually being so. Jennifer needed to get a clearer picture of what was going on before making her decision.

Using the data provided with the case, students will determine the closing time of the three funds and how that affects the beta of each. Then they must make a recommendation about which fund would be the best investment for Jennifer.

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Kellogg School of Management Cases, vol. no.
Type: Case Study
ISSN: 2474-6568
Published by: Kellogg School of Management

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Book part
Publication date: 21 August 2019

Peter Huaiyu Chen, Kasing Man, Junbo Wang and Chunchi Wu

We examine the informational roles of trades and time between trades in the domestic and overseas US Treasury markets. A vector autoregressive model is employed to assess the…

Abstract

We examine the informational roles of trades and time between trades in the domestic and overseas US Treasury markets. A vector autoregressive model is employed to assess the information content of trades and time duration between trades. We find significant impacts of trades and time duration between trades on price changes. Larger trade size induces greater price revision and return volatility, and higher trading intensity is associated with a greater price impact of trades, a faster price adjustment to new information and higher volatility. Higher informed trading and lower liquidity contribute to larger bid–ask spreads off the regular daytime trading period.

Details

Advances in Pacific Basin Business, Economics and Finance
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78973-285-6

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Article
Publication date: 12 February 2018

Adam Vaughan, Kathryn E. Wuschke, Ashley N. Hewitt, Tarah Hodgkinson, Martin A. Andresen, Patricia Brantingham and Simon Verdun-Jones

Investigating the day of week and hour of day temporal patterns of crime typically show that (late) nights and weekends are the prime time for criminal activity. Though…

Abstract

Purpose

Investigating the day of week and hour of day temporal patterns of crime typically show that (late) nights and weekends are the prime time for criminal activity. Though instructive, mental-health-related calls for service are a significant component of police service to the community that have not been a part of this research. The purpose of this paper is to analyze calls for police service that relate to mental health, using intimate partner/domestic related calls for police service for context.

Design/methodology/approach

Approximately 20,000 mental health related and 20,000 intimate partner/domestic related calls for police service are analyzed. Intra-week and intra-day temporal patterns are analyzed using circular statistics.

Findings

Mental-health-related calls for police service have a distinct temporal pattern for both days of the week and hours of the day. Specifically, these calls for police service peak during the middle of the week and in the mid-afternoon.

Originality/value

This is the first analysis regarding the temporal patterns of police calls for service for mental health-related calls. The results have implications for police resourcing and scheduling, especially in the context of special teams for addressing mental health-related calls for police service.

Details

Policing: An International Journal, vol. 41 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1363-951X

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21 – 30 of over 2000