Search results

This study examines the effects of congruence and reliability on cause-brand alliance (CBA) program attitudes—exploring how CBA program attitudes and sport entity attitudes affect attitudes toward a sport-related and sport-unrelated brand in a single CBA.

About 240 survey participants answered questions before and after being exposed to information about the NFL Play 60 program. Consistent partial least squares structural equation modeling is utilized to test the hypotheses.

Results suggest both congruence and reliability positively influence CBA program success; and both sport-related and sport-unrelated brands positively affect consumer attitudes when they participate in a CBA with a high-profile sport entity. This occurs directly through CBA program attitudes for a sport-unrelated brand and indirectly through sport entity attitudes for a sport-related brand.

This study extends the CBA literature in sports by showing (1) the role of reliability on CBA program attitudes, (2) the role of sport entity attitudes on other cause partner attitudes and (3) different paths for sport-related versus sport-unrelated brands that are partnered with a premium sport entity to achieve CBA program brand enhancements.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the aerodynamic characteristics of subsonic jet emanating from corrugated lobed nozzle.

Numerical simulations of subsonic turbulent jets from corrugated lobed nozzles using shear stress transport k-ω turbulence model have been carried out. The analysis was carried out by varying parameters such as lobe length, lobe penetration and lobe count at a Mach number of 0.75. The numerical predictions of axial and radial variation of the mean axial velocity, u′u′ ¯ and v′v′ ¯ have been compared with experimental results of conventional round and chevron nozzles reported in the literature.

The centreline velocity at the exit of the corrugated lobed nozzle was found to be lower than the velocity at the outer edges of the nozzle. The predicted potential core length is lesser than the experimental results of the conventional round nozzle and hence the decay in centreline velocity is faster. The centreline velocity increases with the increase in lobe length and becomes more uniform at the exit. The potential core length increases with the increase in lobe count and decreases with the increase in lobe penetration. The turbulent kinetic energy region is narrower with early appearance of a stronger peak for higher lobe penetration. The centreline velocity degrades much faster in the corrugated nozzle than the chevron nozzle and the peak value of Reynolds stress appears in the vicinity of the nozzle exit.

The corrugated lobed nozzles are used for enhancing mixing without the thrust penalty inducing better acoustic benefits.

The prominent features of the corrugated lobed nozzle were obtained from the extensive study of variation of flow characteristics for different lobe parameters after making comparison with round and chevron nozzle, which paved the way to the utilization of these nozzles for various applications.

The purpose of this paper is to conduct an experimental investigation on the shock cell structure of jets emanating from a four-lobed corrugated nozzle using Schlieren imaging technique.

The Schlieren images were captured for seven different nozzle pressure ratios (NPR = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8) and compared with the shock cell structure of a round nozzle with an identical exit area. The variation in the length of the shock cell, width of boundary interaction between adjacent shock cells, maximum width of first shock cell, Mach disk position and diameter for different NPR was measured from the Schlieren images and analysed.

A three-layer shock net observed in the jet emanating from the four-lobed corrugated nozzle is a novel concept in the field of under-expanded jet flows. A shock net represents interconnected layers of shock cells developed because of the interaction between the core and peripheral shock waves in a jet emanating from a corrugated lobed nozzle. Also, the pattern of shock net is different while taking Schlieren images across the groove and lobe sections. Thus, the shock net emerging from a corrugated lobed nozzle varies azimuthally and primarily depends on the nozzle exit cross section. The length of the shock cell, width of boundary interaction between adjacent shock cells, maximum width of first cell, Mach disk position and diameter were found to exhibit increasing trend with NPR.

A novel concept of interconnected layers of shock waves defined as “shock net” developed from a single jet emanating from a four-lobed corrugated nozzle was observed.

Product innovation can run the gamut from new products and product‐line extensions to product improvements and style changes. Business managers need to understand this entire spectrum of product innovation in order to be able to compete effectively in the marketplace.

The purpose of this paper is to design a double parabolic nozzle and to compare the performance with conventional nozzle designs.

The throat diameter and divergent length for Conical, Bell and Double Parabolic nozzles were kept same for the sake of comparison. The double parabolic nozzle has been designed in such a way that the maximum slope of the divergent curve is taken as one-third of the Prandtl Meyer (PM) angle. The studies were carried out at Nozzle Pressure Ratio (NPR) of 5 and also at design conditions (NPR = 3.7). Experimental measurements were carried out for all the three nozzle configurations and the performance parameters compared. Numerical simulations were also carried out in a two-dimensional computational domain incorporating density-based solver with RANS equations and SST k-ω turbulence model.

The numerical predictions were found to be in reasonable agreement with the measured experimental values. An enhancement in thrust was observed for double parabolic nozzle when compared with that of conical and bell nozzles.

Even though the present numerical simulations were capable of predicting shock cell parameters reasonably well, shock oscillations were not captured.

The double parabolic nozzle design has enormous practical importance as a small increase in thrust can result in a significant gain in pay load.

The thrust developed by the double parabolic nozzle is seen to be on the higher side than that of conventional nozzles with better fuel economy.

The overall performance of the double parabolic nozzle is better than conical and bell nozzles for the same throat diameter and length.

The mixing of fuel and air plays a pivotal role in enhancing combustion in supersonic regime. Proper mixing stabilizes the flame and prevents blow-off. Blow-off is due to the shorter residence time of fuel and air in the combustor, as the flow is in supersonic regime. The flame is initiated in the local subsonic region created using a flameholder within the supersonic combustor. This study aims to design an effective flameholder which increases the residence time of fuel in the combustor allowing proper combustion preventing blow-off and other instabilities.

The geometry of the strut-based flameholder is altered in the present study to induce a streamwise motion of the fluid downstream of the strut. The streamwise motion of the fluid is initiated by the ramps and grooves of the strut geometry. The numerical simulations were carried out using ANSYS Fluent and are validated against the available experimental and numerical results of cold flow with hydrogen injection using plain strut as the flameholder. In the present study, numerical investigations are performed to analyse the effect on hydrogen injection in strut-based flameholders with ramps and converging grooves using Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equation coupled with Menter’s shear stress transport k-ω turbulence model. The analysis is done to determine the effect of geometrical parameters and flow parameter on the flow structures near the base of the strut where thorough mixing takes place. The geometrical parameters under consideration include the ramp length, groove convergence angle, depth of the groove, groove compression angle and the Mach number. Two different strut configurations, namely, symmetric and asymmetric struts were also studied.

Higher turbulence and complex flow structures are visible in asymmetric strut configuration which develops better mixing of hydrogen and air compared to symmetric strut configuration. The variation in the geometric parameters develop changes in the fluid motion downstream of the strut. The fluid passing through the converging grooves gets decelerated thereby reducing the Mach number by 20% near the base of the strut compared to the straight grooved strut. The shorter ramps are found to be more effective, as the pressure variation in lateral direction is carried along the strut walls downstream of the strut increasing the streamwise motion of the fluid. The decrease in the depth of the groove increases the recirculation zone downstream of the strut. Moreover, the increase in the groove compression angle also increases the turbulence near the base of the strut where the fuel is injected. Variation in the injection port location increases the mixing performance of the combustor by 25%. The turbulence of the fuel jet stream is considerably changed by the increase in the injection velocity. However, the change in the flow field properties within the flow domain is marginal. The increase in fuel mass flow rate brings about considerable change in the flow field inducing stronger shock structures.

The present study identifies the optimum geometry of the strut-based flameholder with ramps and converging grooves. The reaction flow modelling may be performed on the strut geometry incorporating the design features obtained in the present study.

This study aims to compile the present situation of comparative advertisement in Indian markets and the existing legal remedies by citing some factual cases from the industry and important judicial pronouncements.

It is a qualitative research based on primary and secondary source of information. Secondary sources comprise of statutory provisions of relevant act, articles/news items available in academic/trade journals and information generated from Government of India web sites. Primary research involved face-to-face interactions with practising advocates from Delhi High Court and Supreme Court of India in the area of trademarks. Information was collected on parameters related to efficacy, applicability, enforceability, monitoring, and legal issues of trademarks and disparagements.

In India, comparative advertisement is relatively a new concept and the lawful remedies are not that strong as that is other countries. In the absence of the stringent laws, the practice of comparative advertisement has seen many derogatory consequences a few are mentioned here. The paper concludes by giving recommendations on the issues of legal aspects of comparative advertisement in India.

This research paper attempts to provide an overall understanding of judicial environment on comparative advertisement in India which is still at its nascent stage.

This case is used in Darden's core Marketing course and in the Pricing elective. It would work well in course modules covering the topics of branding or product line management. A teaching note is available for instructors. Soon after Pernod Ricard acquires Absolut vodka and other brands, the economic downturn results in changes in purchasing behavior away from premium to standard products. Brand managers consider whether to introduce a “basic” Absolut, promote a lower-priced alternative, or rebrand other vodkas under the Absolut brand to trade on its considerable brand equity.

The authors examine the approach by which Sam Walton, a 48-year-old when he took his first technology course, drove creation of a new set of technology for retailing.

By breaking Walton’s approach into five stages, the authors show how his way of working points to a credible path for leaders with limited background in technology to lead technological change.

Senior leaders can apply Walton’s systematic way of leading for creation of excellent processes to accomplish customer-focused technology innovation in the modern era.

Five elements of Walton’s tech innovation leadership are reviewed and analyzed.

This article offers insights about how Walton was able to form a tech savvy team of managers and synthesize a vision about the potential of technology to produce operational breakthroughs far in advance of his competition.