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Article
Publication date: 9 November 2015

Hayley Ness, Peter J.B. Hancock, Leslie Bowie, Vicki Bruce and Graham Pike

The introduction of a three-quarter-view database in the PRO-fit facial-composite system has enabled an investigation into the effects of image view in face construction. The…

Abstract

Purpose

The introduction of a three-quarter-view database in the PRO-fit facial-composite system has enabled an investigation into the effects of image view in face construction. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of constructing full-face and three-quarter-view composites under different encoding conditions. It also examines the potential value of three-quarter-view composites that can be generated automatically from a front-view composite. The authors also investigate whether there is an identification benefit for presenting full-face and three-quarter composites together.

Design/methodology/approach

Three experiments examine the impact of encoding conditions on composite construction and presentation of composites at the evaluation stage.

Findings

The work revealed that while standard full-face composites perform well when all views of the face have been encoded, care should be taken when a person has only seen one view. When a witness has seen a side view of a suspect, a three-quarter-view composite should be constructed. Also, it would be beneficial for a witness to construct two composites of a suspect, one in full-face view and one in a three-quarter-view, particularly when the witness has only encoded one view. No benefit emerged for use of three-quarter-view composites generated automatically.

Research limitations/implications

This is the first study to examine viewpoint in facial composite construction. While a great deal of research has examined viewpoint dependency in face recognition tasks, composite construction is a reconstruction task involving both recall and recognition. The results indicate that there is a viewpoint effect that is similar to that described in the recognition literature. However, more research is needed in this area.

Practical implications

The practical implications of this research are that it is extremely important for facial composite operators in the field (police operators) to know who will make a good likeness of the target. Research such as this which examines real-life issues is incredibly important. This research shows that if a witness has seen all views of a perpetrator’s face then standard composite construction using a full-face view will work well. However, if they have only seen a single view then it will not.

Social implications

There are obvious wider societal implications for any research which deals with eyewitness memory and the potential identification of perpetrators.

Originality/value

No research to date has formally examined the impact of viewpoint in facial-composite construction.

Details

Journal of Forensic Practice, vol. 17 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2050-8794

Keywords

Content available
Article
Publication date: 9 November 2015

Peter J.B. Hancock

112

Abstract

Details

Journal of Forensic Practice, vol. 17 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2050-8794

Content available
Article
Publication date: 1 August 2002

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Abstract

Details

Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, vol. 74 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0002-2667

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 April 1950

J.A. Jones and R.V. Niswander

THE occurrence of isolated fires in commercial, passenger carrying aircraft has focused considerable attention upon the fire risks involved in the use of combustible materials…

Abstract

THE occurrence of isolated fires in commercial, passenger carrying aircraft has focused considerable attention upon the fire risks involved in the use of combustible materials, the arrangement of functional equipment and accessories, and the effectiveness of fire‐proof finishes and coatings. In addition to other studies concerning the elimination of fire hazard through careful survey of the electrical system and other functional systems, studies have been made concerning the improvement of the ignition resistance of materials and the subsequent propagation of fire. Serious fires have developed as a result of propagation by materials which were not responsible for the original ignition of fire. An intensive effort has been made to reduce this fire hazard by the development and application of protective coatings and finishes to vulnerable and combustible materials. This work led to the obvious need for, and development of, a testing apparatus by which a realistic comparison could be made of combustible materials under conditions simulating those of an actual fire.

Details

Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, vol. 22 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0002-2667

Article
Publication date: 7 August 2018

Emily Truman

Food guides are graphic representations of food-based dietary guidelines that support national health policies and programming. They are visual aids simplifying complex…

Abstract

Purpose

Food guides are graphic representations of food-based dietary guidelines that support national health policies and programming. They are visual aids simplifying complex nutritional messaging for the public. While pyramid and circle formats are the most common shapes in use worldwide, the dinner plate format is increasing in use due to its perceived effectiveness. However, research examining visual attributes of food guide graphics, and the dinner plate model specifically, is limited. The purpose of this paper is to systematically compare and analyse key visual attributes of plate food guide graphics (across multiple examples) to assess their potential for effective visual communication of nutrition messaging.

Design/methodology/approach

This study engages in a qualitative analysis of compositional elements of food guide graphics. Data collection and analysis are grounded in the methods of compositional interpretation, which includes a qualitative, descriptive approach to establishing a thematic survey of the data.

Findings

Unique visual attributes of the plate food guide (including image content, spatial organisation and expressive content) present challenges in the communication of key nutritional messaging regarding proportionality, moderation and overall usability.

Practical implications

A better understanding of the visual attributes of the plate food guide model will contribute to improved design and development of this key public health tool by researchers, educators and health practitioners. Additionally, the examination of visual attributes has implications for the study of food guide understanding and use.

Originality/value

This study highlights the need for critical visual skills in qualitative health research, and to address gaps in health education more broadly.

Details

British Food Journal, vol. 120 no. 8
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0007-070X

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 October 1994

Bonnie Holt and Laura Hartwick

Under the direction of Conrad Atkinson, the University of California at Davis's Department of Art and Art History is using QBIC (Query by Image Content), a visual query software…

Abstract

Under the direction of Conrad Atkinson, the University of California at Davis's Department of Art and Art History is using QBIC (Query by Image Content), a visual query software program currently under development by IBM, to determine how effective it may prove in retrieving art images based on what they look like, rather than relying on text indexing. Beginning in January, 1993, in a joint research project with IBM, we began the construction of a pilot database of art images selected from our slide library. This paper will describe the construction of our pilot database, and will present preliminary findings.

Details

Aslib Proceedings, vol. 46 no. 10
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0001-253X

Article
Publication date: 1 October 2006

Jeff Trzeciak, Shawn McCann and Matthew Martin

This technical paper aims to define the steps necessary to create an effective two‐dimensional image databases representing three‐dimensional museum objects for the purpose of…

1162

Abstract

Purpose

This technical paper aims to define the steps necessary to create an effective two‐dimensional image databases representing three‐dimensional museum objects for the purpose of instruction.

Design/methodology/approach

The participating institutions reviewed six key types of services: finding content, collecting content, accessing content, documentation, accessibility, and access control. The project created, converted, described and transferred digitized images and data records from each partner to the web where they became universally accessible through a single common search interface.

Findings

The paper finds that collaboration between different institutions creates rich collections, and relationships that benefit the community.

Research limitations/implications

Capturing elements of three‐dimensional objects in a traditionally two‐dimensional medium provides unique challenges for web delivery.

Practical implications

Provides learning materials and access to objects that were once locked in storage and rarely exhibited, especially fragile and delicate objects. Also provides an environment for students to learn how to work professionally they would not acquire in the classroom.

Originality/value

New techniques in digitization were used and experimented with that are not widely used with these type of collections.

Details

OCLC Systems & Services: International digital library perspectives, vol. 22 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1065-075X

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 31 July 2009

Raguragavan Ganeshasundaram and Nadine Henley

The purpose of this article is to investigate the effectiveness of the Supernanny reality television programs in teaching parenting techniques and changing parenting behaviors.

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this article is to investigate the effectiveness of the Supernanny reality television programs in teaching parenting techniques and changing parenting behaviors.

Design/methodology/approach

A telephone survey was conducted with a random sample of 400 respondents who had watched at least one episode of the Supernanny program.

Findings

Almost 75 percent of the respondents had viewed the program regularly for interest and/or for educational reasons; significantly more people who said they watched for education could recollect parenting techniques than those who said they watched for entertainment. Respondents agreed that the program informed them about different techniques for managing the behaviors of their children (88 percent) and said they had used (53 percent) or intended to use (23 percent) a number of those techniques. A total of 80 percent of the respondents saw the show as realistic and 93 percent of the viewers perceived the program as useful to some extent in terms of changing their behaviors and their children's behaviors in positive ways. There were some significant differences, with greater effects in women, younger respondents, and parents of younger children.

Practical implications

Reality television can be used as an effective social marketing, mass media “place” strategy to convey positive parenting techniques and to promote positive behavior change.

Originality/value

Edutainment (combining entertainment with education) has been used to promote positive social behaviors for some years but the use of the specific entertainment vehicle “reality television” has not previously been examined as a social marketing place strategy.

Details

Journal of Consumer Marketing, vol. 26 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0736-3761

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 9 November 2015

Charlie D. Frowd, William B. Erickson, James M. Lampinen, Faye C. Skelton, Alex H. McIntyre and Peter J.B. Hancock

The purpose of this paper is to assess the impact of seven variables that emerge from forensic research on facial-composite construction and naming using contemporary police…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to assess the impact of seven variables that emerge from forensic research on facial-composite construction and naming using contemporary police systems: EvoFIT, Feature and Sketch.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper involves regression- and meta-analyses on composite-naming data from 23 studies that have followed procedures used by police practitioners for forensic face construction. The corpus for analyses contains 6,464 individual naming responses from 1,069 participants in 41 experimental conditions.

Findings

The analyses reveal that composites constructed from the holistic EvoFIT system were over four-times more identifiable than composites from “Feature” (E-FIT and PRO-fit) and Sketch systems; Sketch was somewhat more effective than Feature systems. EvoFIT was more effective when internal features were created before rather than after selecting hair and the other (blurred) external features. Adding questions about the global appearance of the face (as part of the holistic-cognitive interview (H-CI)) gives a valuable improvement in naming over the standard face-recall cognitive interview (CI) for all three system types tested. The analysis also confirmed that composites were considerably less effective when constructed from a long (one to two days) compared with a short (0-3.5 hours) retention interval.

Practical implications

Variables were assessed that are of importance to forensic practitioners who construct composites with witnesses and victims of crime.

Originality/value

Using a large corpus of forensically-relevant data, the main result is that EvoFIT using the internal-features method of construction is superior; an H-CI administered prior to face construction is also advantageous (cf. face-recall CI) for EvoFIT as well as for two further contrasting production systems.

Details

Journal of Forensic Practice, vol. 17 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2050-8794

Keywords

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