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Article
Publication date: 4 December 2023

Toan Khanh Tran Pham

The impacts of institutional quality on entrepreneurship are well established. However, the effects of an external factor, such as the shadow economy, that moderates this…

Abstract

Purpose

The impacts of institutional quality on entrepreneurship are well established. However, the effects of an external factor, such as the shadow economy, that moderates this relationship have largely been neglected in existing literature. As such, this paper investigates how the shadow economy moderates the effects of institutional quality on entrepreneurship in a global sample of 79 economies from 2006 to 2018, when the latest required data are available.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper utilizes the fixed-effect and generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation techniques. Various scenarios have been considered for the robustness of the analysis, including different estimation techniques, different estimates of the shadow economy and various subsamples of countries with different income levels.

Findings

Empirical findings indicate that improved institutional quality boosts entrepreneurship activities, while the extended shadow economy is associated with reduced entrepreneurship activities. Interestingly, the positive impacts of institutional quality on entrepreneurship will be lessened with a larger shadow economy. These findings have remained largely unchanged across samples of countries and different proxies and estimation techniques.

Practical implications

Findings from this paper offer policymakers the relationships between institutional quality, shadow economy and entrepreneurship and the moderating effects of shadow economy on the institutional quality–entrepreneurship nexus. The implication is that institutional quality should be strengthened while the shadow economy should be controlled to promote entrepreneurship initiatives.

Originality/value

To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first empirical study to explore the moderating effects of the shadow economy on the institutional quality–entrepreneurship nexus.

Details

International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, vol. 44 no. 1/2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0144-333X

Keywords

Open Access
Article
Publication date: 16 January 2024

Barbara Hanfstingl and Thomas Andreas Ogradnig

The first-aid courses organized by the Youth Red Cross Carinthia (Austria) had a quality problem, necessitating a professionalization in teaching and time structure. This research…

1178

Abstract

Purpose

The first-aid courses organized by the Youth Red Cross Carinthia (Austria) had a quality problem, necessitating a professionalization in teaching and time structure. This research aimed to enhance the quality and effectiveness of these courses by implementing modified lesson studies with non-professional trainers. The paper presents the realization process, empirical research and results obtained by applying the first-aid curriculum.

Design/methodology/approach

Around 22 lesson study first-aid courses (14 classes with 2 cycles, 8 with 3 cycles) were conducted and evaluated in different Austrian school types. An observation sheet was created to evaluate attention and competencies. Interviews were conducted with both teachers and students to validate the results.

Findings

The research findings demonstrate that lesson studies can significantly enhance the quality and effectiveness of first-aid courses. Inexperienced and experienced first-aid teachers significantly improved their teaching skills. Newly educated first-aid teachers showed substantial improvement, leading to the introduction of an induction period and coaching opportunity within the Youth Red Cross Carinthia.

Originality/value

This is the first lesson study conducted in a non-academic context. It highlights the adaptation process of Carinthian first-aid courses. It illustrates how lesson studies impact lesson clarity, instructional variety, student engagement in the learning process, student outcome, student feedback and teaching effectiveness in a non-academic context. It contributes to the literature on the application of lesson study in first-aid education and provides insight into the benefits of this approach in enhancing the quality of first-aid training.

Details

International Journal for Lesson & Learning Studies, vol. 13 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2046-8253

Keywords

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