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Book part
Publication date: 22 February 2010

The unexpected fertility of Hayek's cognitive theory: An introduction to The social science of Hayek's “The sensory order”

William N. Butos

Purpose – Overview of Hayek's cognitive theory and the contributions of chapters.Methodology/approach – Perspective on significance of Hayek's cognitive theory for the…

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Abstract

Purpose – Overview of Hayek's cognitive theory and the contributions of chapters.

Methodology/approach – Perspective on significance of Hayek's cognitive theory for the social sciences.

Findings – Hayek's cognitive theory provides insight into his oeuvre; more importantly, it is relevant for social theory in its own right.

Research limitations/implications – Hayek's cognitive theory warrants further attention by economists and social theorists interested in evolutionary social processes.

Originality/value of paper – To counter a widespread view that the contribution to economics and social science of Hayek's cognitive theory is largely confined to methodology. Hayek's cognitive theory also provides a useful framework for furthering the understanding of evolution within the social realm.

Details

The Social Science of Hayek's ‘The Sensory Order’
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S1529-2134(2010)0000013003
ISBN: 978-1-84950-975-6

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Book part
Publication date: 22 February 2010

Science and The Sensory Order

Thomas J. McQuade

Purpose – First, to look closely and critically at Hayek's treatment of science in The Sensory Order. This provides hints as to the difficulties in maintaining a theory of…

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Purpose – First, to look closely and critically at Hayek's treatment of science in The Sensory Order. This provides hints as to the difficulties in maintaining a theory of scientific knowledge as a selective sum of the identifiable contributions of individual scientists. Second, to generalize from Hayek's theory of how the brain generates an individual's knowledge to a theory of how science generates scientific knowledge, knowledge that is not a simple sum of individual contributions. Third, to apply this picture of science to understanding developments in postpositivist philosophy and post-Mertonian sociology of science.

Approach – We provide a short survey of the conventional understanding of science and scientific knowledge, including that of Hayek in The Sensory Order. We examine in more depth the ways in which developments in postpositivist philosophy and sociology have transformed our understanding of science. We describe how, by analogy with Hayek's theory of the brain, science can be seen as an adaptive system that adjusts to its environment by classifying the phenomena in that environment to which it is sensitive, and we apply this systemic picture of science with a view to integrating much of the more moderate content of recent philosophy and sociology of science.

Details

The Social Science of Hayek's ‘The Sensory Order’
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S1529-2134(2010)0000013004
ISBN: 978-1-84950-975-6

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Book part
Publication date: 11 December 2006

Science and Market as Adaptive Classifying Systems

Thomas J. McQuade

As the cognitive sciences – particularly neuroscience, cognitive psychology, and a rejuvenated artificial intelligence movement that has largely abandoned the model of the…

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As the cognitive sciences – particularly neuroscience, cognitive psychology, and a rejuvenated artificial intelligence movement that has largely abandoned the model of the mind as a formal machine – have seen major development over the past quarter-century, it is inevitable that the findings thrown up by this ‘cognitive revolution’ should be examined for their relevance to the understanding of economic behavior. This ongoing examination has tended to emphasize those characteristics of human cognitive capabilities that call into question the descriptive adequacy of the rational-choice model, focusing on departures from individual rationality that may have economic consequences at the market level.1 Such a move may be the obvious one for an economist confronted with this interdisciplinary challenge, but it is not the only one. The new insights into the functioning of the brain can also be deployed in the understanding of complex systems in general – and of specific social arrangements in particular – and that is the direction taken here. By critically examining the systemic similarities and differences between the social arrangements of science and market, the aim is to show how a complex systems approach, inspired by developments in cognitive psychology but applying these at the level of the system rather than of the individual, can provide a new and useful way of understanding social systems.

Details

Cognition and Economics
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1529-2134(06)09003-X
ISBN: 978-1-84950-465-2

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Book part
Publication date: 22 February 2010

and the neurophysiological basics of methodological individualismThe Sensory Order

Francesco Di Iorio

Purpose – To show that The Sensory Order is an original effort to support, on a neurophysiologic basis, methodological individualism.Methodology/approach – Considering…

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Purpose – To show that The Sensory Order is an original effort to support, on a neurophysiologic basis, methodological individualism.

Methodology/approach – Considering that the mind is a complex and self-organized order, Hayek criticizes methodological holism according to which the cause of action has to be sought outside the individual, in macro-laws governing social wholes. He argues that, due to the nature of the mind, the cause of action has to be sought inside the individual.

Findings – The paper stresses that scholars have more or less neglected a very important point in discussions of the Austrian author's psychology. Hayek's psychology supports the idea that the explanation of the action stems from the understanding of its meaning.

Research limitations/implications – The article only discusses some of the epistemological consequences of Hayek's theory of the mind. For instance, it does not analyze in a detailed way the relationship between this theory and the idea of distributed knowledge. It left an in-depth examination of this issue for subsequent research.

Originality/value of paper – Many authors state that Hayek's version of methodological individualism only examines the non-intentional effects of action, neglecting the importance of Verstehen. They argue that the Austrian scholar is not a complete and coherent champion of methodological individualism. The paper shows that this criticism is unfounded.

Details

The Social Science of Hayek's ‘The Sensory Order’
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S1529-2134(2010)0000013010
ISBN: 978-1-84950-975-6

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Book part
Publication date: 22 February 2010

List of contributors

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The Social Science of Hayek's ‘The Sensory Order’
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S1529-2134(2010)0000013002
ISBN: 978-1-84950-975-6

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Book part
Publication date: 11 December 2006

List of Contributors

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Cognition and Economics
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1529-2134(06)09011-9
ISBN: 978-1-84950-465-2

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Book part
Publication date: 22 February 2010

Hayek: Cognitive scientist Avant la Lettre

Leslie Marsh

This paper conceives of Hayek's overall project as presenting a theory of sociocognition, explication of which has a two-fold purpose: (1) to locate Hayek within the…

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This paper conceives of Hayek's overall project as presenting a theory of sociocognition, explication of which has a two-fold purpose: (1) to locate Hayek within the non-Cartesian tradition of cognitive science, and (2) to show how Hayek's philosophical psychology infuses his social theory.

Details

The Social Science of Hayek's ‘The Sensory Order’
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S1529-2134(2010)0000013008
ISBN: 978-1-84950-975-6

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Article
Publication date: 2 March 2012

Patrol officers' perceived role in responding to cybercrime

Adam M. Bossler and Thomas J. Holt

Little empirical research exists regarding how local law enforcement has responded to cybercrime. This paper aims to understand: the law enforcement agencies that line…

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Purpose

Little empirical research exists regarding how local law enforcement has responded to cybercrime. This paper aims to understand: the law enforcement agencies that line officers believe should be primarily responsible for investigating cybercrime cases; their perceptions about their agency's current ability to respond to these offenses; and their beliefs regarding the best ways to improve the social response to cybercrime.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors surveyed patrol officers in the Charlotte‐Mecklenburg and Savannah‐Chatham Metropolitan police departments.

Findings

The authors found that officers do not believe that local law enforcement should be primarily responsible for handling cybercrime cases and they have little information on how upper management is addressing cybercrime. Officers indicated that the best strategies to deal with cybercrime were greater care taken by citizens online and improvements to the legal system.

Research limitations/implications

Local law enforcement agencies feel they are unable to fully address cybercrime. Although the findings were generally consistent across demographic and experiential characteristics and cities, two cities in the southeastern United States were surveyed.

Practical implications

According to these officers, they want citizens to be more careful online and for clarification of cybercrime laws and increased prosecutions. They do not favor local cybercrime units and additional computer training for line officers as much as scholars and police administrators advocate.

Originality/value

This paper studied the perceptions of patrol officers, who are the first responders to most crime scenes, on local law enforcement responses to cybercrime and the strategies they view to be most effective in combating cybercrime.

Details

Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, vol. 35 no. 1
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/13639511211215504
ISSN: 1363-951X

Keywords

  • Cybercrime
  • Police
  • Officer perceptions
  • Law enforcement
  • Computer crime
  • United States of America

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Book part
Publication date: 5 October 2020

Introducing Computer-Marked Tests in an Online Financial Accounting Course: Patterns in Academic Performance and Approaches to Assessment Design

Ruslan Ramanau, Jane Hughes and Paul Grayson

In the last two decades, online computer-marked assignments (CMAs) have been widely used in accounting education. Although there is a growing body of research on this form…

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In the last two decades, online computer-marked assignments (CMAs) have been widely used in accounting education. Although there is a growing body of research on this form of online assessment, most of the previous studies relied on small samples of respondents or focused on student self-report using survey methods. This exploratory mixed-method study aims to combine a quantitative analysis of learners’ academic performance on an online Financial Accounting course with a more in-depth exploration of learner experiences using qualitative methods. The quantitative findings suggest that student previous educational qualifications, age and experience of studying a similar subject are strongly associated with CMA completion, which is also linked to scores on other pieces of assessed work. The qualitative results show that from the learners’ perspective, diversifying assessment methods, introducing low-stakes assessment activities and creating opportunities for situational interest are viewed as key aspects of online CMA design. This paper concludes with discussing the implications of the study for designing and delivering online courses in accounting, particularly in the light of the growing popularity of massive open online courses (MOOCs).

Details

Advances in Accounting Education: Teaching and Curriculum Innovations
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S1085-462220200000024018
ISBN: 978-1-83867-236-2

Keywords

  • Online tests
  • computer-marked assignments
  • accounting education
  • online quizzes
  • formative online testing
  • supported online learning

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Book part
Publication date: 11 December 2006

Does The Sensory Order

William N. Butos and Roger G. Koppl

Cognition and psychology have become central issues in economics. While this interest represents a radical change in economic theory, it does have a useful history that we…

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Cognition and psychology have become central issues in economics. While this interest represents a radical change in economic theory, it does have a useful history that we believe is only partially recognized by contemporary economists. Although it is customary to cite Herbert Simon's important work in this regard,1 we suggest Hayek's earlier work The Sensory Order (1952) should enjoy similar billing.

Details

Cognition and Economics
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1529-2134(06)09002-8
ISBN: 978-1-84950-465-2

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