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The adequacy of logistics within the context of the Third World business environment is evaluated. Problems facing practitioners and educators are identified and suggestions to enhance logistics practice and education in Third World countries are offered.

I. Introduction For over forty years, a model for Third World development has gained widespread acceptance. Three key premises underpin the traditional development model: (1) the identification of “development” with the maximization of the rate of national economic growth; (2) the quest to achieve Western living standards and levels of industrialization which require the transfer of labor from the agricultural to the industrial sector as well as increased consumerism; and (3) the integration into the interdependence of Third World nations in the global economy and the global marketplace. Increasing the demand for a Third World nation's exports (in other words, export‐led growth) is viewed as leading to the maximization of a nation's Gross National Product (GNP).

The article investigates the incidence and regularity of performance of marketing‐mix activities in Third World business contexts. The results support a relatively high level of incidence and regularity of performance of marketing‐mix activities — thus implying their “applicability”. However, the results suggest that corporate factors influence the performance of marketing‐mix activities.

This book is a policy proposal aimed at the democratic left. It is concerned with gradual but radical reform of the socio‐economic system. An integrated policy of industrial and economic democracy, which centres around the establishment of a new sector of employee‐controlled enterprises, is presented. The proposal would retain the mix‐ed economy, but transform it into a much better “mixture”, with increased employee‐power in all sectors. While there is much of enduring value in our liberal western way of life, gross inequalities of wealth and power persist in our society.

Consumer behavior in international markets is a topic that is still not well understood. Proposes a framework, called the A‐B‐C‐D paradigm. Suggests that a marketer examine four stages – access, buying behavior, consumption characteristics, and disposal – covering the entire spectrum of consumer behaviors with respect to a product/service. The paradigm is universally applicable to any particular culture or country of interest. Since there has been no comprehensive examination of consumer behavior in eastern Europe and the Third World, focusses on using the A‐B‐C‐D paradigm to gain a better insight into consumer behavior in these countries. Offers recommendations to companies wishing to market their products in these countries.

A hard‐fought victory for the developing countries at the UN Conference on Science and Technology for Development is the accord on the establishment of a Global Information Network (GIN). However, due to the lack of interest on the part of the industrialized countries and absence of financial support, it seems that GIN will remain a paper agreement. But even if GIN was established, it would do little to fulfil the real science information needs of the Third World. A better alternative for the developing countries would be to share locally produced science and technology information amongst themselves and develop a Third World Information Network (TWIN) to meet their specific needs and requirements. There are indications that such a system is randomly evolving in the Middle East.

Considers the factors hindering the transfer of information technology and subsequent automation of information management systems in developing countries. The same inhibiting factors which face conventional technology transfer, are identified for information technology transfer. Highlights the failure of policy makers in the Third World to grasp the importance of information and to plan for its collection and management: criticizes the theory of appropriate technology as seeming to aid instead of potential aiding agencies. Stresses the need for positive policies towards information technology in both aiding agencies and recipient governments and identifies the most common obstacles hindering introduction and management of information technology in developing countries.

After President George Bush coined the phrase “New World Order,” he tried to articulate it in terms that would infuse a new sense of mission to America. He seemed to regard instability abroad as a danger for America.⁴ Although President Bush wanted to continue the U.S. internationalist policies of the last forty-five years, Americans and the Congress tended to lurch between isolationism and idealism. But as the Cold War has wound down, there can be little doubt that a New World Order is emerging that creates challenges for the United States and other Western nations that might be equal to those that existed when world politics turned on the confrontation between East and West. Unfortunately, most of the attention has been focused on the major events that created the New World Order: the dramatic dismantling of the Berlin Wall, the fall of communism in Eastern Europe and in the former Soviet Union, and the resurgence from their remains of independent republics. It appears that the 1990s will see foreign aid both from the United States and from the other Western countries going primarily to help establish free-market economies in the former communist countries.