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Structural color is more brilliant in color, more resistant to sunshine and will not fade away with time, and more environmental friendly than traditional dyes and pigments. The purpose of this paper is to prepare structural colors of fabrics coated with Ag/TiO₂ composite films by magnetron sputtering, and analyze the relationship between the colors and the thicknesses of TiO₂ films in Ag/TiO₂ composite films.

Preparation of Ag/TiO₂ composite films by magnetron sputtering and their deposition on textiles were investigated. The chemical compositions and surface morphology of Ag/TiO₂ composite films were examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and the structural color of fabric coated with Ag/TiO₂ composite film was also analyzed.

Ag/TiO₂ composite films deposited on textile substrate exhibited structural colors, and the bright colors could be adjusted and controlled by the thickness of TiO₂ thin films in Ag/TiO₂ composite films without any dyes or pigments. By comparing the results of theoretical calculation and experimental results, it was found that the creation of structural colors by the experiment was coincident to the colors by theoretical calculation according to the film interference principle. There was a linear relationship between the thickness of TiO₂ film and the wavelength of the structural color.

Compared to traditional coloration by dyes or pigments, the coloration of textile by structural color from Ag/TiO₂ composite films prepared by magnetron sputtering was very environmental friendly and simple without water consuming, time consuming and tedious work. Structural colors have great potential applications in textiles in place of traditional dyes and pigments. Furthermore, the textiles coated with Ag/TiO₂ composite films have good electrical, optical and magnetic properties, and can be used in apparel, home furnishings and industrial fabrics.

The synergistic effect of sodium salt of ethyl phosphonic acid (EPA) and Zn²⁺ on the inhibition of corrosion of mild steel in neutral aqueous environment containing 60 ppm Cl^‐ has been evaluated by the weight‐loss method. The formulation consisting of 300 ppm EPA and 300 ppm Zn²⁺ has 88 per cent inhibition efficiency. The nature of the protective film formed on the metal surface has been analysed by x‐ray diffraction, FTIR, uv‐visible and luminescence spectra. The protective film is found to be luminescent and to consist of Fe²⁺ ‐EPA complex, Zn (OH)₂ and a very thin film of oxides of iron.

The purpose of this paper is to prepare structural colors of fabrics coated with Silver/Zinc Oxide (Ag/ZnO) composite films by magnetron sputtering and analyze the relationship between the colors and the thickness of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) film in Ag/ZnO composite film and the photocatalytic property of the fabrics coated with Ag/ZnO composite film.

Ag/ZnO composite films deposited on polyester fabrics were prepared by magnetron sputtering technology. The structural colors of textiles coated with Ag/ZnO composite films and the relationship between the colors and Ag/ZnO composite films were analyzed, and the photocatalytic property of Ag/ZnO composite films was also discussed.

The results indicated that the colors varied with the thicknesses of the ZnO film in Ag/ZnO composite films. The reactive sputtering time of ZnO film was 5, 8, 10 and 14 min, respectively, and the colors of the corresponding fabrics were purple, blue, blue-green and yellow. Meanwhile, the polyester fabrics coated with Ag/ZnO composite films showed the excellent photocatalytic properties, and silver (Ag) films deposited under the ZnO films in Ag/ZnO composite films could also improve the photocatalytic activities of ZnO films, and the formaldehyde degradation rates was 77.5%, which was higher than the 69.9% for the fabrics coated only with the ZnO film.

The polyester fabrics coated with Ag/ZnO composite films not only created various structural colors using change the thicknesses of the ZnO film, but also achieved the multifuctionality, which will have a broad application prospect in textile fields.

The influence of a cationic surfactant, N‐cetyl‐N, N, N‐trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) on the inhibition efficiency (IE) of calcium gluconate (CG) – Zn²⁺ system in controlling corrosion of mild steel in a neutral aqueous environment containing 60ppm Cl^‐ has been evaluated by weight‐loss method. The formulation consisting of 200 ppm CG and 50ppm Zn²⁺ has 86 per cent IE (immersion period = three days). Addition of various concentrations of CTAB to the above system improves the IE to 99 per cent. Presence of CTAB facilitates the transport of CG and Zn²⁺ from the bulk of the solution to the metal surface. The nature of the protective film formed on the surface of mild steel has been analysed by FTIR and fluorescence spectra. The protective film is found to be fluorescent and to consist of iron‐CG complex, iron‐CTAB complex and Zn(OH)₂.

The formulation consisting of 300ppm 1‐hydroxyethane‐1, 1‐diphosphonic acid (HEDP) and 50ppm Zn²⁺ offered 99 per cent inhibition to the corrosion of mild steel immersed in neutral aqueous environment containing 60ppm chloride. This formulation functioned as a mixed inhibitor. The protective film was found to be luminescent and to consist of Fe²⁺‐HEDP complex and Zn(OH)₂.

Team teaching represents much more than the grouping together of several lecturers' work. It offers a radically different philosophy of the curriculum in which the learning process is established as the keystone. For many years the learning process has been consistently confused with teaching and the consequent orientation of education towards teaching activity has been at the roots of the unrest amongst students at all levels.

2‐chloroethyl phosphonic acid (2‐Cl EPA) and Zn²⁺ show a synergistic effect in controlling corrosion of carbon steel in a neutral aqueous environment containing 60 ppm Cl^‐. The protective film consists of Fe²⁺–2–Cl EPA complex and Zn(OH)₂; it is found to be uv‐luminescent.

The corrosion rates of mild steel in a neutral aqueous environment containing 60 ppm C1^‐ in the absence and presence of the sodium salt of amino (trimethylene phosphonic acid) (ATMP), polyacrylamide (PAA) and Zn²⁺ have been evaluated by the classical weight‐loss method. The formulation consisting of 50 ppm PAA and 50 ppm Zn²⁺ and also the ATMP (300 ppm) ‐ZN²⁺ (50 ppm) system shows synergistic effect while the formulation consisting of 300 ppm ATMP and 50 ppm PAA shows antagonistic effect. The formulation consisting of 300 ppm ATMP, 50 ppm Zn²⁺ and 50 ppm PAA has 98 per cent corrosion inhibition efficiency and 99.9 per cent biocidal efficiency. The mechanistic aspects of corrosion inhibition are based, in a holistic way, on the results obtained from potentiostatic polarization study, X‐ray diffraction technique, UV‐visible, FTIR and luminescence spectra. Found that the protective film consists of FE²⁺‐ATMP complex, Fe²⁺‐PAA complex and Zn(OH)₂.

This article is an edited extract from a new book ‘Image Analysis: Principles and Practice’ about to be published by Joyce Loebl, the image analysis equipment company.

The purpose of this paper is to establish a rapid and effective numerical model of thin film lubrication with clear physical conception, in which viscosity variation along the direction of film thickness was used instead of average viscosity, and continuous Reynolds equation was used in the calculation of thin film lubrication.

Based on rheology and thin film lubrication with point contact and considering features of shear thinning and like-solidification of lubricant oil in the thin film lubrication state, a modified formula with overall average equivalent viscosity was proposed by combining numerical calculation and experiment data.

It is a fast and efficient method for film lubrication state simulation.

Thin film lubrication research on a nanoscale is very popular, and a variety of thin film lubrication models are proposed. Due to the complexity of thin film lubrication, it is still in the stage of revealing law and establishing calculation model.

The key issue is how to obtain the viscosity correction formula derived from engineering practice, also considered the lubricating oil class solidification and shear-thinning properties on thin film lubrication, while based on the system experiment, the viscosity modified formula for the gap, speed changes are proposed to obtain the overall average equivalent viscosity which makes the thin film lubrication micro to macro, so that a clear physical meaning for thin-film lubrication numerical calculation model is established.