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The purpose of this paper is to examine the meaning, in both local and international context, of the Kochi-Muziris Biennale (KMB), the first international exhibit of contemporary art in India. Kochi Biennale Foundation (KBF), which administers the KMB, identifies art as a means for transforming society, with a mission to bring global contemporary art to India and to present India’s modern art to the world. The authors further investigate the role of government sponsorship and corporate patronage in funding the KMB, and investigate how resistance through art is key to the KMB’s identity.

This study focuses primarily on published materials relating to the KMB. One of the authors attended the 2016 KMB and interviewed fellow attendees. Additionally, the authors reviewed and assessed social media postings regarding the 2016 KMB.

The authors argue that government sponsorship and corporate patronage are never solely about political or financial power. Rather, a generalized reciprocity among the three entities – corporations, the government and the artists – allows the KMB to flourish. For the artists involved, the KMB, co-founded by activist artists, sustains interest in and awareness of resistance.

Extant literature on biennales is sparse on ways in which these exhibits extend their impact beyond the art world. The authors examine issues such as India expanding its position on the world stage through art, and the implications of political resistance embraced by Indian artists on future directions for the KMB, that have heretofore been unaddressed.

All touristic cities have their unique attributes to showcase and differentiate themselves from others. This distinctive attribute is the unique selling product or tourism product of a particular city. It could be an art form, culture, regional climate, food and festival. Literature indicates that the identity of the entire city would be affected by such tourism products. The purpose of this study is to analyse the influence of the ‘image’ of an Art-event to city branding. The study also examines the mediating role of ‘city attachment’ in the relationship between event image and city brand equity.

In all, 432 samples have been collected from visitors to one of the biggest contemporary art events in India – the “Kochi-Muziris Biennale – 2018,” conducted in the city of Cochin, situated in Kerala, the southernmost state of India.

Results show that the direct relationship between event image and city brand equity is stronger than the hypothesised path through the mediating role of city attachment.

This study provides a better understanding of the event image and its importance in creating the host city’s brand equity. It contributes to both the practitioners and tourism researchers.

This study looks at the event image through functional and affective aspects and its influence on city attachment and city brand equity.

The purpose of this study is to present a review of published academic work on art and tourism. A distinction between papers researching tourism and mentioning art just as one of tourism activities and papers covering “art tourism” specifically is proposed.

The review is grounded on a content analysis of studies containing the words “art” and “tourism” published in the Scopus database. Moreover, to analyze papers specifically consisting of the term “art tourism” a theory‐context‐characteristics‐methods structure was used – the authors call these papers art–tourism-specific papers.

While the number of “art and tourism” papers has been increasing in the past 40 years, little is known about “art tourism” as an independent form of tourism. This study finds limited work on art tourists’ characteristics, preferences and behaviors as costumers. No art-based research and little research with visual representations was found. Artists are very rarely participants of art tourism research.

Most research is conceptual, and little applied research can be identified. Importantly, besides synthesizing and critically assessing the current corpus of knowledge on art tourism, this review presents a final roadmap with directions for future research. One of the limitations of this review is that only studies included in the Scopus database and published in English were considered.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study provides the first comprehensive systematic review of published academic research on art and tourism in the past 40 years. The results of this study offer directions to future art tourism researchers.

本文的目的是回顾已发表的有关艺术和旅游的学术著作。 提出了在研究旅游的论文中将仅将艺术作为旅游活动之一提及的论文与专门涵盖“艺术旅游”的论文进行区分。

该回顾是基于对 Scopus 数据库中发表的包含“艺术”和“旅游”一词的文章的内容分析。此外, 为了分析专门由术语“艺术旅游”组成的论文, 我们使用了理论-背景-特征-方法的结构——我们将这些论文称为艺术旅游特定论文。

虽然过去四十年来“艺术与旅游”论文的数量一直在增加, 但人们对“艺术旅游”作为一种独立的旅游形式知之甚少。 我们发现关于艺术游客的特征、偏好和作为顾客的行为的工作有限。 没有发现基于艺术的研究, 也没有发现很少的视觉表现研究。 艺术家很少是艺术旅游研究的参与者。

大多数研究都是概念性的, 很少有应用研究可以被识别出。重要的是, 除了综合性地批判和评估当前关于艺术旅游的知识库外, 本次回顾还提出了一个最终路线图, 并为未来的研究提供了方向。本回顾的局限性之一是仅考虑了 SCOPUS 数据库中包含的并以英文发表的文章。

本研究首次全面系统地回顾了过去四十年来发表的有关艺术和旅游的学术研究。本研究结果为未来的艺术旅游研究者提供了方向。

El propósito de este artículo es presentar una revisión de los trabajos académicos publicados sobre arte y turismo. Se propone una distinción entre los trabajos que investigan el turismo y mencionan el arte sólo como una de las actividades turísticas Y los trabajos que cubren específicamente el “turismo artístico”.

Esta revisión se basa en un análisis de contenido de los artículos que contienen las palabras “arte” y “turismo” publicados en la base de datos Scopus. Además, para analizar los artículos que contenían específicamente el término “turismo artístico” se utilizó una estructura Teoría-Contexto-Características-Métodos - llamamos a estos artículos específicos de turismo artístico.

Aunque el número de trabajos sobre “arte y turismo” ha aumentado en los últimos cuarenta años, se sabe poco sobre el “turismo artístico” como forma independiente de turismo. Encontramos trabajos limitados sobre las características, preferencias y comportamientos de los turistas de arte como clientes. No se ha encontrado ninguna investigación basada en el arte y poca investigación con representaciones visuales. Los artistas rara vez participan en las investigaciones sobre turismo artístico.

La mayor parte de las investigaciones son conceptuales, y se puede identificar poca investigación aplicada. Es importante destacar que, además de sintetizar y evaluar críticamente el corpus actual de conocimientos sobre el turismo artístico, esta revisión presenta una hoja de ruta final con directrices para futuras investigaciones. Una de las limitaciones de esta revisión es que sólo se han considerado los artículos incluidos en la base de datos SCOPUS y publicados en inglés.

Este estudio proporciona la primera revisión sistemática exhaustiva de la investigación académica publicada sobre arte y turismo en los últimos cuarenta años. Los resultados de este estudio ofrecen orientaciones a los futuros investigadores del turismo artístico.

This paper aims to analyse the relationship between the image of a tourism product and destination brand equity in the context of Kerala's Ayurveda. The study also examined the influence of destination image (DI) and hospital brand image (HBI) and the mediating role of total experience (TEX).

The research analysed 342 primary data from Ayurvedic tourists who visited Kerala for the treatment.

Results show that product–place image (PPI) and DI significantly influence the brand equity, but the HBI is insignificant towards the brand equity. Even though HBI does not directly influence Kerala's brand equity, it has a strong relationship through TEX (mediating variable).

This study can be implemented by destination marketing organization and tourism authorities while making strategic decisions and plans for the image creation of a tourist place.

People perceive some products from a particular place as having superior quality and uniqueness. As far as a tourist destination is concerned, a “tourism product” associated with the destination will also uplift its popularity. The study has investigated the image of this “product–place” combination in medical tourism.