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The purpose of this paper is to analyse the disorders that occurred in Manchester in 1981 and 2011 with the aim of comparing the similarities and differences that have been put forward to explain why these events occurred. The paper further seeks to evaluate the tactics that might be used in future years to police disaffected communities.

The research for this paper is library‐based, making considerable use of primary sources that relate to events in 1981 and 2011. The objectives of this research are addressed by examining a number of key themes: the 1981 Moss Side riot: explanations for the 1981 Moss Side riot: the 2011 riots in Greater Manchester: explanations of the causes of the 2011 riots in Manchester: the future policing of disaffected communities in Manchester.

The research established that although there were many similarities in the events that occurred in 1981 and 2011, there were also important differences that reflect social, economic and cultural changes that have affected society since 1981. It also rejects the opinion that a more aggressive style of policing is the only way to police disaffected communities to prevent a repetition of events that took place in 2011.

The research suggests that the way forward for the policing of disaffected communities lies in an approach that seeks to engage hearts and minds rather than one that aims to quell dissent through coercive methods.

The paper presents an original comparison of events that took place in one area of Britain in 1981 and 2011. The interpretation of material relating to the causes of rioting and future policing policies is informed by both academic and practitioner perspectives.

June 10, 1971 Negligence — Burden of proof — Res ipsa loquitur — Whether necessary to plead‐Accident during course of employment — Workman injured by fall of heavy panels — Action against employer — Allegation that workmen moving panels caused or permitted them to fall — No alternative explanation — Applicability of doctrine of res ipsa loquitur — Damages — Agreed continuing annual loss — Dispute as to total sum awarded — Basis of calculation to be disclosed to court.

This chapter provides a study of how gambling companies use the cultural and social capital of Newcastle United Football Club, in the English Premier League, to establish a connection with the club's fans to promote gambling. Newcastle United had two gambling sponsors during the period of this study, from 2017 to 2020, including a front of shirt sponsor, FUN88, an online gambling brand with a large following in Asia. Data were gathered from a range of sources, including from the social media platform, Twitter, to identify the methods the company used to engage fans and to encourage betting on the outcome of matches. The data from the study were explored thematically to describe the relationship developed between the football club and its principal gambling sponsor in order to drive business for the latter with the club's followers. The findings showed how FUN88 evoked Newcastle United's cultural tradition to promote gambling and generate business globally whilst the club actively promoted their ‘primary partner’ through its media channels. The lure of free match tickets was used to encourage fan engagement. Corporate practices promote the consumption of unhealthy commodities through their marketing whilst consumers (fans) are responsibilised for any harms engendered by their gambling practices. The ubiquity of gambling brands has enabled gambling to become a normalised part of football culture. The findings from this study show how FUN88 has used all elements of the sponsorship assemblage to create an emotional connection whilst engaging with Newcastle United's fans to increase consumption of its products.

This chapter examines the shifting significance of data ownership and athlete rights as they pertain to the growth and expansion of the global sports gambling industry. It provides a nuanced overview of the ‘datafication’ of society, tracing how the omnipresent embrace of digital technologies has expediated new forms of organisational, political and corporate surveillance from which concerns over privacy, rights to ownership and the misuse of personal data arise. The chapter moves on to discuss how the extraction and trade of data has revolutionised how elite sport is performed, manufactured, broadcast and consumed, shedding critical light on the role of the gambling industry in the exchange of human data as a market commodity. These insights inform a series of socio-legal and ethical questions about the relationships between athlete data and the sports gambling industry for the purpose of signposting emerging issues and opportunities for critical sociological research and intervention.

Through his call to “reverse the lens” in leadership, Shamir (2007) helped trigger the emergence of followership theory as a new field of study in leadership research. While followership theory brings exciting new opportunities to leadership studies, it also introduces theoretical and conceptual challenges for researchers. In this chapter we address these challenges by showing how followership can be positioned fully within the leadership construct. We extend Shamir’s (2007) call for a balanced view in leadership by showing how followership theory adds new perspectives on the ways in which we can study leadership as a dynamic, fluid, relational process. The alternative views we present (e.g., position, role, identity, constructionist, and co-creation) approach leadership study from a range of paradigmatic perspectives that allow us to more fully capture the behaviors, interactions, relational dynamics, and processes through which leadership and followership are created and constructed. We conclude by reflecting on Shamir’s legacy as a scholar, and the contributions he made through his willingness to not only open his mind, but also to constructively challenge alternative perspectives and views.

October 24, 1969 Factory — Statutory duty — Dangerous machinery — Dangerous combination of machinery and material — Danger arising from “nip” between moving work‐piece and stationary bar — Automatic cooling device — Danger arising from coolant applied by hand — Practice known to employers — Whether foreseeable — Whether duty to fence — Factories Act, 1961 (9 & 10 Eliz. II, c. 34), s. 14(1).

October 21, 1970 Factory — Dangerous machinery — Dangerous combination of machinery and material — Danger arising from “nip” between moving workpiece and imperceptibly moving boring bar — Automatic cooling device — Coolant applied by hand — Practice known to employers — Workman's hand caught in “nip” — Whether duty on employers to fence boring bar — Whether dangerous part of machinery — Danger of accident foreseen by employers — Whether foreseeable — Workman unable to establish exactly how accident happened — Materiality — Factories Act, 1961 (9 & 10 Eliz. II, c.34), s.14 (1).

The first reference to what has since become known as action learning was by Revans in October 1945; it was in a report upon the future of the British coalmining industry issued by the Mining Association of Great Britain. He recommended setting up a staff college for the industry, at which the field managers would be encouraged to learn with and from each other using the group review to find solutions to their immediate problems — about which something needed to be done whether the staff college had been set up or not. The report specifically said that the college ought not to have any permanent corps of experts and lecturers, although there was no objection to them being invited in for particular missions, after it was clear what those missions were supposed to be seeking.

May 9, 1967 Building — Safety regulations — “Process” — Cutting glazed earthenware drainpipe with hammer and chisel — Whether “cutting … stone, concrete, slag or similar materials by means of a hand tool (other than a trowel)” — Whether “process” — Protection of eyes of person engaged in process — Goggles not provided — Eye injury caused by particle of metal from tool — Whether necessity to provide protection against particle flying from tool — Whether damages awardable to cover contingency of possible eye deterioration — Construction (General Provisions) Regulations, 1961 (S. I. 1961 No. 1580), reg.52, Sched. (2)