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This study aims to produce textile-like surfaces using fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printers and create a garment collection.

Experiments were conducted using different types of materials in FDM 3D printers until the sufficient flexibility was achieved to create textile-like structures. During the research, properties of polylactic acid (PLA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) were observed. Geometrical patterns were printed and each of them gave a different result depending on the pattern. Based on the information obtained from the experiments, a garment collection with four total looks was designed inspired by Vivaldi’s “Four Seasons”.

Among the materials used, TPU, a flexible filament, yielded the best results. Because of the rigid properties of PLA and ABS, chain-like structures were printed to create relatively flexible surfaces, but the results were still not successful enough to create a clothing material. Therefore, TPU was preferred for the garment material selection.

In this study, combinations of 3D printed flexible structures and different types of fabrics were used to create a garment collection. It was concluded that, with the right material selection, 3D printing can be used as an alternative method to create a new aesthetic language in fashion design.

This study aims to propose a new methodology to develop bistable textile structures with two different states of heat and moisture transfer by taking inspiration from the animal kingdom. Bionic approaches controlling thermoregulation were analyzed, implemented at the textile level and evaluated. Therefore, 4D technology has been applied. This paper presents all the steps necessary for transferring bionic concepts on the textile level by using rapid prototyping and the 4D-textile approach.

Concepts for thermoregulation are derived from bionic approaches and are evaluated by the metrics of low cost and high adaptability to quickly changing needs. Subsequently, bionic approaches were implemented as prototypes by printing on a pre-stretched textile using an fused deposition modeling printer. The printed patterns and properties were investigated, and the effects of each parameter were evaluated. Finally, the prototypes were tested by comparing the data from the thermal imaging camera of the two bistable states.

This paper presents two printing pattern concepts for creating textiles with two different states of thermal and moisture transfer. The results show that bionic approaches for thermoregulation transferred to the textile level are possible and quickly put into practice through 3D-printing technology as a tool for rapid prototyping.

The presented methodology fills the technological gap for quickly transferring bionic approaches to the textile level using the 4D-Textile technology. In addition, the possibility of generating two bistable states with different thermophysiological properties in one textile and switching between them easily was shown.

Composites combining two or more different materials with different physical and chemical properties allow for tailoring mechanical and other characteristics of the resulting multi-material system. In relation to fiber-reinforced plastic composites, combinations of textile materials with 3D printed polymers result in different mechanical properties. While the tensile strength of the multi-material system is increased compared to the pure 3D printed material, the elasticity of the polymer layer can be retained to a certain degree, as the textile material is not completely immersed in the polymer. Instead, an interface layer is built in which both materials interpenetrate to a certain degree. The purpose of this study is to investigate the adhesion between both materials at this interface.

This paper gives an overview of the parameters affecting the interface layer. It shows that both the printing material and the textile substrate influence the adhesion between both materials due to viscosity during printing, thickness and pore sizes, respectively. While some material combinations build strong form-locking connections, others can easily be delaminated.

Depending on both materials, significantly different adhesion values can be found in such 3D printed composites.

This makes some combinations very well suitable for building composites with novel mechanical properties, while other suffer of insufficient connections.

For the first time, the dependence of the polymer-textile adhesion force was evaluated according to the distance between both compound partners. It was shown that this value is of crucial interest and must thus be taken into account when producing printed polymer-textile composites.

The research aims to examine the varying influence of printed inkjet ink on the warm/cool feeling and air permeability of printed textile materials and thus on the thermal properties of printed garments.

The influence of different number of printing pass and different tone value (TV) coverage was examined. The tested samples were printed with water-based pigment inkjet inks with 10, 50 and 100% TVs with one, three and five printing passes. The tested samples were subjected to thermal characteristics testing by measuring the warm/cool feeling and air permeability before and after printing.

The research results showed that there is an increase in the value of the warm/cool feeling by increasing the amount of applied ink on the textile material, which occurs by increasing the TVs and the number of printing pass. At the same time values of air permeability decrease by increasing the number of printing pass, as well as by increasing TVs.

Based on the results, mathematical models of the dependence of the warm/cool feeling value of printed textile materials on the air permeability and parameters of digital inkjet printing were created. These models are important in clothing design because they show in advance the values of the warm/cool feeling of the clothes being designed and thus enable the design of clothes for different purposes with optimal esthetic and thermal properties.

This paper will review digital ink‐jet printing on textiles and the advantages it offers to textile industry and consumers in comparison with conventional printing. The paper also reports on some of the results of a large project, which has been undertaken in the University of Leeds to address a number of issues concerning the problems associated with this technique. One of the important issues associated with digital ink‐jet printing on textiles is speed and reliability, as this has commercial implications for the industry. The research carried out in Leeds has addressed this problem and solutions are proposed which will be covered in detail in this paper. Further research has also been carried out to establish the issues surrounding digital ink‐jet printing and print quality when different types of designs are being printed. The paper will address the results of this research on quality assessment of digital ink‐jet printing on textiles.

To explore the influence of various factors on the adhesion strength of 3D printing materials and chiffon fabrics, and to develop an original design clothing prototype with an extended functionality that would be compatible with the specifics of the circular design.

Four different chiffon fabrics and four 3D printed materials were chosen as the research subjects to determine the influence of various factors on the adhesion strength and ductility. The uniaxial tensile test was used to determine pull-out force and the pull-out elongation from the interlayer.

3D printed TPU elements can be used to join clothing parts made from low-elasticity chiffon fabrics to improve wearing comfort. In order to comply with the circular economy concept, it is important to select such adhesion parameters of the 3D printed elements and the material system that would ensure wear comfort and withstand wear-level loads; and at the end of the life cycle of a garment, the 3D printed elements could be separated from the product and recycled.

The systems developed can be used to renew and repair products, adding originality, individual touch or additional decorative features, while extending the functional possibilities of clothing items in accordance with circular design principles.

Recent years have seen a significant increase in the use of inkjet technology for printing on textile fabrics. Typical inkjet printed textile products included curtains, large advertising posters, flags and banners. As a result of the need for such inkjet printed products to have a greater durability, especially for outdoor applications, inks containing pigments as the colourants are gaining more interests. However, pigments may give rise to logistical problems in terms of their dispersion stability within the ink formulation, consequently blocking the nozzles within the inkjet print head. This paper reports methods for the preparation of pigment dispersions and of inkjet printing ink formulations and the methods for the evaluation of the suitability of pigmented ink formulations for jet printing on textile materials. In particular, the suitability of three magenta pigments for inkjet inks were assessed and reported.

To synthesize some new heterocyclic disperse azo dyes and their utilization in textile printing.

To prepare 1‐cayno‐1‐substituted aryl azo‐2‐methyl benzothiazole by the reaction of 2‐aminothiophenol with malononitrile and the end product coupled with different diazonium salts. The prepared dyestuffs are established using element analysis, IR measurements, ¹H‐NMR and Mass spectra. Printing pastes containing the prepared dyestuffs and a thickener were used for printing polyester and/or nylon 6 using either transfer printing or traditional printing.

New selected arylazo cyanomethyl benzothiazole dyes were obtained from the reaction of diazotized aniline derivatives with 2‐cyanomethyl benzothiazole as a coupling component. The suitability of the prepared dyestuffs for either heat transfer printing or traditional printing on polyester and nylon 6 fabrics has been investigated. The prints obtained from dyes containing non polar groups which have sublimation properties possess high colour strength as well as good overall fastness properties if compared to those obtained using dyes containing polar groups.

The new heterocyclic disperse azo dyes were prepared from 2‐cyanomethylbenzothiazole and were utilized in preparing pastes for textile printing to print polyester and nylon 6 fabrics. In addition, the variation in substituents on the synthesized dyes could also be studied.

The method of synthesis of the new dyestuffs provides a simple and practical solution to prepare some new heterocyclic disperse azo dyes with low molecular weight, suitable for sublimation in heat transfer printing methods.

The methods for synthesis of the new heterocyclic disperse azo dyes are simple. These dyestuffs could be used in textile printing of polyester and nylon 6 on an industrial scale.

This study aims to develop a four-dimensional (4D) textile composite that self-forms upon thermal stimulation while eliminating thermomechanical programming steps by using fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing technology, and tries to refine the product development path for this composite.

Polylactic acid (PLA) printing filaments were deposited on prestretched Lycra-knitted fabric using desktop-level FDM 3D printing technology to construct a three-layer structure of thermally responsive 4D textiles. Subsequently, the effects of different PLA thicknesses and Lycra knit fabric relative elongation on the permanent shape of thermally responsive 4D textiles were studied. Finally, a simulation program was written, and a case in this study demonstrates the usage of thermally responsive 4D textiles and the simulation program to design a wrist support product.

The constructed three-layer structure of PLA and Lycra knitted fabric can self-form under thermal stimulation. The material can also achieve reversible transformation between a permanent shape and multiple temporary shapes. Thinner PLA deposition and higher relative elongation of the Lycra-knitted fabric result in the greater curvature of the permanent shape of the thermally responsive 4D textile. The simulation program accurately predicted the permanent form of multiple basic shapes.

The proposed method enables 4D textiles to directly self-form upon thermal, which helps to improve the manufacturing efficiency of 4D textiles. The thermal responsiveness of the composite also contributes to building an intelligent human–material–environment interaction system.

Examines the tenth published year of the ITCRR. Runs the whole gamut of textile innovation, research and testing, some of which investigates hitherto untouched aspects. Subjects discussed include cotton fabric processing, asbestos substitutes, textile adjuncts to cardiovascular surgery, wet textile processes, hand evaluation, nanotechnology, thermoplastic composites, robotic ironing, protective clothing (agricultural and industrial), ecological aspects of fibre properties – to name but a few! There would appear to be no limit to the future potential for textile applications.