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The COVID-19 global health crisis is undeniably a global housing crisis. Our study focuses on quality of life in urban mid- and high-rise apartment housing, the fastest growing housing types in many cities around the world. This housing typology presents unique challenges relating to connection to nature, daylight and fresh air.

This multi-disciplinary literature review analyzes more than 100 published papers from peer-reviewed sources from environmental psychology, building science and architecture relevant to quality of life in high-rise housing, as well as more than 40 recent newspaper and magazine articles about the possible impacts of COVID-19 on housing. We identify synergies between passive design strategies and health-promoting architecture or “restorative environmental design” principles.

Post-pandemic, health-promoting apartment housing design must prioritize (1) window placement and views that support stress recovery and restoration; (2) lighting levels based on spaces that can satisfy multiple uses and users; (3) bedrooms designed for restful sleep that contribute to circadian regulation; (4) living rooms with better indoor air quality, with a focus on natural ventilation; (5) access to nature, through the purposeful design of balconies and (6) unit sizes and layouts that enable physical distancing and prevent crowding.

We identify new social and environmental design priorities in the form of evidence-based design principles to inform and promote healthy and restorative living environments for residents in apartment housing.

Research into how the wage fix/employment flex phenomenon operates in a recession.

This article draws from “institutional” labour economics and mainstream industrial relations, but differs from the more usual uses of their ideas in a number of ways. For example, the observation we make, that wages and prices are “sticky” downwards and that labour markets respond to falls in demand by employment and quantity adjustments, is not new. Similarly, the idea that labour markets are different from “normal” commodity markets is not of recent origin Hence, while Clay and Hicks were making such observations and speculating on the labour relations consequences of them, Keynes was using the concept of wage rigidity (stickiness) as a central building block in his General Theory which dealt with the conditions for macro‐economic equilibrium.

Currently, our understandings of the dynamics behind the effects of politicization on values and on administrative decision-making remain largely muddled and far from complete. The richness of theoretical accounts, amassed over the past eight decades, has yielded only a limited number of empirical examinations. This failure to develop a coherent collection of empirical works can be for the most part attributed to the complexity associated with studying values, particularly to the lack of clear and testable theories and models. This article attempts to address this deficit and to add to our understandings of the association between values and administrative decision-making at the individual level by explicitly testing the Broker-Purist (BP) model (within a sample of public procurement specialists). It is found that the BP model fits the data well, which suggest the framework as a valid and useful perspective for conceptualizing the effects of environmental politicization on administrative decision-making in public procurement specifically, and in public administration in general.

Using Japan REITs stock data, this paper examines the risk‐return relations conditional on up and down markets periods. The results show that beta is significantly and positively (negatively) related to realized returns in up (down) markets before and after controlling for extra risk factors. The same conditional results are found for unsystematic risk and total risk, providing evidence that investors do not hold well‐diversified portfolios. Though skewness is significantly priced, the coefficients are unexpectedly positive (negative) in up (down) markets, indicating that investors dislike positively skewed portfolios and would ask for compensation if they are required to hold them during up markets. One possible reason is that the investors have a poor concept of skewness and/or they are too aggressive during bullish markets and so they ignore the benefit of positive skewness. Subsidiary results highlight that there is no seasonal effect in the conditional relation between beta/unsystematic risk/total risk/skewness and returns. This study is the first comprehensive study of the risk‐return relations in Japan REITs market, which provides out‐of‐sample evidence relative to earlier tests on Asian and international stock markets. The findings give important insights and provide useful guidance on investing in Japan REITs market.

A Cheshire company has joined forces with the University of Liverpool to develop new ways of making parts for the aerospace industry. The collaboration could lead to the establishment of a new industry in Cheshire.

Okun's law has been proven to be one of the most accepted theories in the macroeconomics field. It describes the relationship between gross domestic product (GDP) and unemployment. Arthur Okun's (1962) study was developed to help apply appropriate macroeconomic policy changes. Though the coefficient has been re‐estimated, Okun's original work states that a one‐percentage point reduction in the unemployment rate would produce approximately 3% more output. This correlation has continuously been scrutinized, its accuracy studied, and the degree of dependency these variables have on one another has been evaluated.

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the importance of institutional innovation in managing the future. Peter Drucker has encouraged managers to develop institutional innovations in order to reach organizational objectives. These institutional innovations revolve round the value created by the organization for its customers over time. Considering Drucker's insight from the perspective of institutional theory, this paper aims to describe how innovations in transaction institutions may lead to strategic transactions and provide a fundamental transformation in the way transactions are conducted in the market.

Using a case study of the development of the American clock industry, it is shown that institutional innovations may provide a leadership position for an organization. By trading direct exchange for an innovative transaction model, management innovation occurred within and well beyond the confines of the American clock market.

The historical case empirically illustrates and extends Drucker's notion of customer‐centric management and the advantage of innovation. Strategically, management must understand how institutional innovations can be used to create a leadership position in the future. This occurs when management uses innovations in transaction rules, termed transaction “institutions”, to create a contrast between the values exchanged between the customer and the organization and the values exchanged between the customer and competing organizations.

Peter Drucker's work is quite broad and, perhaps to his credit, he was never a traditional academic. As a result, evaluating his work is more difficult than evaluating research in one specific theoretical domain. However, it is clear that institutional thinking influenced Drucker. Analytically, this places him at odds with traditional economic and strategic analysis. Accordingly, this research is also somewhat at odds with traditional economic and strategic analysis.

The implications for management are clear. The entrepreneurial role of each type of organisation in solving problems is critical. Only through entrepreneurship can long‐term solutions to problems be developed. This requires a deep understanding of the costs involved, even on a small scale. When the details of costs are understood, entrepreneurial innovations can be developed in response.

This is the first paper that utilizes an institutional framework for strategy analysis based on Peter Drucker's work. This helps managers manage the future by understanding how to systematically take and share risk.