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Technological entrepreneurship concerns the transformation of potentially viable technological opportunities into successful businesses. Absorptive capacity is argued to be essential for this transformation, since it can facilitate the prediction of new technology trends and the assimilation and application of new knowledge to produce new commercial outputs. The investigation of the relationships between absorptive capacity, technological entrepreneurship and their impact on Guangdong technology firms' performance is the purpose of this study.

In this aim a positive causal chain from absorptive capacity to technological entrepreneurship and from this latter to performance is tested through a mediation analysis, which uses an ordinary least squares regression‐based path analytical framework for estimating indirect effects on a sample of 113 Guangdong technology‐based firms.

Findings are consistent with the hypothesis that greater absorptive capacity leads to greater technological entrepreneurship, which in turn leads to greater performance. Therefore evidence is provided about both the mediating role of technological entrepreneurship and the role of absorptive capacity as its antecedent in relation to Guangdong‐based technology firms' performance.

A relevant but somewhat neglected relationship is examined using an integrative model in the Guangdong context. Moreover the study uses direct measures of absorptive capacity as a capability and provides a firm‐level operationalization of technological entrepreneurship. In so doing it also adopts state‐of‐the‐art analysis techniques and highlights the relevance of investments in soft factors for Guangdong technology firms' path towards excellence.

This study seeks to address the issue of the factors influencing Chinese enterprises technological entrepreneurship capabilities. This study is particularly relevant in light of the driving role given to enterprises in the process of transforming China into an innovation‐oriented nation and leading science power.

The paper draws on a broad literature review, covering various theoretical fields in International as well as Chinese management literature, to develop an integrated research framework. Relying on a multi‐disciplinary and multi‐level approach, the framework highlights a number of internal processes and external network attributes, their interactions and moderating relationships as related to their impact on Chinese enterprises technological entrepreneurship capabilities and their contributions to business performance.

The paper offers an overview of the factors that affect technological entrepreneurship capabilities, with particular reference to Chinese enterprises. Also, the study highlights some understudied issues and points to a number of research directions of specific relevance for the Chinese context. In this aim, a number of theoretical propositions have been identified.

The paper provides an integrated multi‐disciplinary and multi‐level research framework that organizes the body of knowledge, scattered in different literature and contexts, in a state‐of‐the‐art piece of the research into technology entrepreneurship capabilities, as well as to identify more specific research questions, model, testable hypothesis and related studies that build on and add value to previous research.

Technological entrepreneurship has been a very significant topic in recent decades. It has a crucial role in economic modernization and growth. The need for technological entrepreneurship is because technology-based industries are expanding rapidly and are replacing traditional industries. Therefore, this study aimed at identifying the factors affecting the success of technological entrepreneurship in Iranian nanotechnology businesses.

The research was conducted through mixed method. The participants in the qualitative section included 17 university experts and executive managers in the field of nanotechnology in Iran, and 75 nanotechnology business managers participated in the quantitative section. The interview and questionnaire were used to collect information. In order to measure and fit the models, the confirmatory factor analysis method and PLS3 software were used.

The results indicated that the key factors affecting the success of the technological entrepreneurship process in nanotechnology were classified into five general categories: organizational, environmental, institutional, individual and technology factors. Moreover, it was shown that all these dimensions had a positive and significant effect on technological entrepreneurship. In addition, the organizational dimension has an essential role.

Companies' ability to engage technological entrepreneurship is a vital factor in human resource management and strategic management. However, technological entrepreneurship in Iranian nanotechnology businesses has not been involved integrally in the context of companies.

This study aims to better understand the level of China's regional technological entrepreneurship (TE) and the impact of entrepreneurship policy on TE through an integrated research framework.

The paper uses factor analysis and regression analysis to analyse regional TE and entrepreneurship policy with the data of 30 provinces in China in 2003 and 2004.

The research finds that there are regional variations in the level of technological entrepreneurship in China and that regional entrepreneurship policy has considerable impact on technological entrepreneurship activity. Furthermore, a holistic rather than a fragmented policy is needed to improve the level of regional technological entrepreneurship activity.

The research findings are valuable for policy makers who are responsible for promoting technological entrepreneurship activity and for entrepreneurs who need to be aware of opportunities as a result of entrepreneurship policy.

A new integrated framework is developed for empirical analysis of technological entrepreneurship in China.

The aim of this paper is to highlight the importance of different technological aspects of organizations for Spanish firms' performance through organizational learning and corporate entrepreneurship (where organizational innovation is essential).

The relationships studied are confirmed empirically using a structural equation model to demonstrate the hypotheses. The sample was selected from the database Dun & Bradstreet España for 2003, obtaining 201 Spanish firms. CEOs were the main informants.

The results show that the support adopted by top managers will directly influence the organizational learning process, technological distinctive competencies and corporate entrepreneurship. Technological distinctive competencies are also supported by organizational slack resources, technological skills and a technological infrastructure. Finally, corporate entrepreneurship influences organizational performance.

The paper is exploratory in character, and its goal is to show whether interrelations exist between the variables. The main limitations are: the sectors chosen refer only to Spain; the analysis performed is cross‐sectional; and a single method and self‐reports are used.

The paper shows that to obtain perfect adaptation of the firm to its environment, it is crucial that managers develop corporate entrepreneurship, especially innovation, to improve high‐technology sector firms' performance.

The paper seeks to stimulate new lines of research regarding technological distinctive competencies, organizational learning and corporate entrepreneurship and to relate them to other constructs, observing their repercussions for the firm.

Technological entrepreneurship is distinguished from other types of initiatives by its innovative characteristics and rapid growth, as well as by the high uncertainty it faces, both in terms of investment cost and capacity for continuous adaptation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the definitions, measures and methods that have been used to investigate the phenomenon and to define the process of the “entrepreneurial journey” and the associated typologies according to the technological level.

This paper provides a systematic review of the literature on technological entrepreneurship focusing on emerging economies in Latin America. Based on the review of 62 papers, it analyses the current state and future research perspectives on the topic.

The authors can conclude that technological entrepreneurship in Latin America has great opportunities, especially linked to growth, but faces the threats of an uncertain and dynamic environment. Taking advantage of technologies allows the formulation of unique value propositions linked to the environment through innovation that improves the quality of life of the population.

This study is a starting point for the development of research on resilient technology ventures. Latin America represents a limited location but offers insight into the developing phenomenon to measure the impacts that this phenomenon generates in society.

Considering the possibilities offered by technology and its continuous evolution, the impact that this type of entrepreneurship generates on the environment can be on a global scale. However, high growth and success are as likely as a failure and this is part of the improvement process.

El emprendimiento tecnológico se distingue de otros tipos de iniciativas por sus características innovadoras y su rápido crecimiento, así como por la elevada incertidumbre a la que se enfrenta, tanto en términos de coste de inversión como de capacidad de adaptación continua. El objetivo es investigar las definiciones, medidas y métodos que se han utilizado para investigar el fenómeno y definir el proceso del “viaje emprendedor” y las tipologías asociadas según el nivel tecnológico.

Este artículo ofrece una revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre emprendimiento tecnológico centrada en las economías emergentes de América Latina. A partir de la revisión de 62 artículos, se analiza el estado actual y las perspectivas futuras de investigación sobre el tema.

Al comparar nuestros hallazgos con los trabajos existentes, podemos concluir que el emprendimiento tecnológico en América Latina tiene grandes oportunidades, especialmente vinculadas al crecimiento, pero se enfrenta a las amenazas de un entorno incierto y dinámico. El aprovechamiento de las tecnologías permite formular propuestas de valor únicas vinculadas al entorno a través de la innovación que mejora la calidad de vida de la población.

Considerando las posibilidades que ofrece la tecnología y su continua evolución, el impacto que este tipo de emprendimiento genera en el entorno puede llegar a ser a escala global. Sin embargo, el alto crecimiento y el éxito son tan probables como el fracaso y esto forma parte del proceso de mejora.

Este estudio es un punto de partida para el desarrollo de investigación acerca de emprendimientos tecnológicos resilientes. Latinoamérica representa una locación límitada pero ofrece una visión del fenómeno en desarrollo para medir los impactos que este fenómeno genera en la sociedad.

Emprendimiento tecnológico, América Latina, Innovación, Tecnología, Internacionalización

Revisión de literatura

O empreendedorismo tecnológico distingue-se de outros tipos de iniciativas pelas suas características inovadoras e rápido crescimento, bem como pela elevada incerteza que enfrenta, tanto em termos de custo de investimento como de capacidade de adaptação contínua. O objectivo é investigar as definições, medidas e métodos que têm sido utilizados para investigar o fenómeno e definir o processo da “viagem empresarial” e as tipologias associadas de acordo com o nível de tecnologia.

Este artigo fornece uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre empreendedorismo tecnológico centrada nas economias emergentes da América Latina. Com base na revisão de 62 artigos, analisa o estado actual e as perspectivas futuras da investigação sobre o tema.

Comparando as nossas conclusões com o trabalho existente, podemos concluir que o empreendedorismo tecnológico na América Latina tem grandes oportunidades, especialmente ligadas ao crescimento, mas enfrenta as ameaças de um ambiente incerto e dinâmico. O aproveitamento das tecnologias permite a formulação de propostas de valor únicas ligadas ao ambiente através da inovação que melhora a qualidade de vida da população.

Considerando as possibilidades oferecidas pela tecnologia e a sua contínua evolução, o impacto que este tipo de empreendimento gera no ambiente pode ser à escala global. No entanto, um crescimento e sucesso elevados são tão prováveis como um fracasso e isto faz parte do processo de melhoria.

Este estudo é um ponto de partida para o desenvolvimento da investigação em empreendimentos de tecnologia resiliente. A América Latina representa uma localização limitada, mas oferece uma visão do fenómeno em desenvolvimento a fim de medir os impactos que este fenómeno gera na sociedade.

Empreendedorismo tecnológico, América Latina, Inovação, Tecnologia, Internacionalização

Revisão da literatura

This chapter is focused in a methodological frame to study the practices of entrepreneurial agents and the startups in nontechnological sectors in the middle-income countries. The startup of ideas involves three phases that comprise the first life cycle of a possible company considering too sociocultural aspects as external factors implied in the creation, prototype, and entry to markets. In Latin America, the type of risks experienced by companies in their early stages of life and incubation are not known in a timely manner. The lack of information on entrepreneurship and its agents in countries such as Mexico also inhibits visualization of heterogeneity of contexts to business development, and how some regions are more propensity to boost startups than others, in different sectorial and branches of knowledge. Mexico like rest countries in Latin America has a high percentage of SMEs focused in sectors that are innovative but not are participating in the last technological waves. For this reason, it is necessary to know how these agents prepare, manage, and apply entrepreneurship in accordance with institutional, technological, and sociocultural dispositions to structure their experiences and make more vigorous the territorial entrepreneurial. Small and medium businesses are building new paths taking advantage of territorial and cultural opportunities. Applying the framework proposed in the last part of this chapter is presented a case of study of an entrepreneur oriented to craft brewer production in Tijuana, Mexico.

The purpose of this paper is to present an analysis of the role of entrepreneurship in promoting China's technological progress and efficiency improvement during the economic reform process of the past two decades. The paper contributes to our understanding of the drivers of economic growth in China during the economic reforms period through the study of technology development and efficiency of resource allocation.

The paper uses Malmquist productivity index and panel data cointegration covering 30 regions in China for the period 1992‐2007, to test the effect of entrepreneurship on Chinese technological progress and resource allocation efficiency.

The analysis shows that the rate of entrepreneurship in China improves the level of technological progress and efficiency of resource allocation significantly. The increased level of entrepreneurship in Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong, Guangdong and other developed areas is positively related to the increased level of technological development and resource allocation, whereas this was not identified in areas that are less developed. Furthermore, the analysis suggests that business level has promoted the level of technological progress in these areas.

The paper provides valuable insight into the role and contribution of entrepreneurship's in China's economic growth.

The aim of this paper is to highlight the importance of different technological aspects of organizations on Spanish high‐technology firms' performance.

The relationships studied are confirmed empirically using a structural equation model to demonstrate our hypotheses. The sample was selected from the database “Dun & Bradstreet España” in the year 2005 and includes 201 Spanish firms. CEOs were our main informants.

The results obtained show that support from top managers will directly influence the organizational learning (OL) process and technological distinctive competencies (TDCs) (antecedents of corporate entrepreneurship) and that corporate entrepreneurship finally influences organizational performance.

The paper is exploratory in character, and its goal is to show whether interrelations exist between the variables. The main limitations are: the sectors chosen refer only to Spain; the analysis is cross‐sectional in character; the study uses a single method and self‐reports (CEOs).

To obtain perfect adaptation of the firm to its environment, it is crucial that managers develop corporate entrepreneurship to improve high‐technology sector firms' performance. The paper shows the important role of the top manager's support in developing TDCs and OL. Success in such issues is of vital importance to corporate entrepreneurship in the firm.

The paper seeks to stimulate new lines of research on one variable (TDCs) and to relate it to other constructs, producing new relationships and observing their repercussions for the firm.