Search results

WITH most of the exacting Tay test programme completed — the programme is in fact ahead of schedule by 200 running hours, equating to four months in terms of cycles completed with certification targeted for June 1986. More than 85 Gulfstream IV aircraft powered by the Tay engine have now been ordered and the Fokker 100 short to medium haul jet, also Tay powered, has been selected by Swissair, KLM Royal Dutch airlines and USAir, representing 38 firm orders and 31 options. The Fokker 100 is expected to fly in mid 1986.

This chapter uses the case of Tay as a basis for exploring Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its implications for corporate social responsibility (CSR). We explore issues with AI in relation to two of Roome's (2005) CSR agendas – responsible business practices and consumer responsibility. Then, we build a framework for approaching AI that connects user and designer perspectives, pointing out key concepts and opportunities for public relations (PR) professionals to engage with both uses for and development of AI in the workplace. We point out the ability of AI, as a technology, to turn the action of connecting to publics from a front office to a back office endeavor. Also, we advocate for PR's need, as a field, to rethink potential changes resulting from the integration of AI into organizations which can affect PR practice at a fundamental level. Finally, we propose ways for PR practitioners, educators, and researchers to consider integrating this understanding of AI into their work.

Purpose – Intersections are hazardous locations and to improve their safety we need to understand the factors contributing to crashes at these locations and provide evidence-based recommendations to reduce them. This chapter provides a summary of the findings on infrastructure-related factors contributing to crashes at urban and rural intersections and some discussions on the implications and potential countermeasures.

Approach – A review of the literature on intersection crashes was performed to identify the infrastructure-related crash-contributing factors. Some discussions on the implications and potential countermeasures are then provided.

Findings – The factors contributing to road crashes are diverse and complex. While the safety effects of a few factors (e.g., exposure and speed) are relatively consistent, many factors have different impacts on crash frequency and severity (e.g., types of intersection) and different impacts on urban and rural intersections (e.g., bus stops).

Research Implications – More studies are needed on developing a stronger theoretical or conceptual foundation on the effects of roadway designs and traffic controls on different dimensions of safety (e.g., exposure, frequency, severity, etc.), types of crashes (e.g., head-on, rear-end, etc.) or road users involved (e.g., drivers, pedestrians, cyclists, etc.).

Practical Implications – Transport engineers need to be aware that some treatments may have different effects on different crash types and road users involved. Even though the overall safety may be improved by the treatments designed, they need to consider and mitigate any unintended consequences to satisfy the Pareto improvement principle and the social equity criterion.

Since Rolls‐Royce and Gulfstream Aerospace of the USA jointly announced a large contract to take the new, quieter and more fuel efficient ‘Tay’ (RB183–03) development of the RB183 Mk. 555 engine into series production, significant progress has been made in relation to its possible application to the BAC One‐Eleven family of domestic and regional twin‐jet airliners.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of personality traits on the perception of key message characteristics in road safety advertising.

The advertisement uses visual imagery and imagery methods to examine key message characteristics. An online survey questionnaire was used to obtain responses of 947 driver perceptions with various personality traits; and the data are explored using multiple linear-regressions.

The findings of the research indicate the importance of using key message characteristics based upon established scientific theory to developing messages, more particularly in road safety and other social marketing campaigns. The role of personality traits and its relevance also appear to be of primary importance and can be used to segment the market; guide message designs and development, as different personality traits are found to be significant for different message characteristics.

This research varies from preceding efforts as it examines the influence of personality traits on drivers’ perceptions of messages using established scientific theory, and bridging the gap in the research between two main paths of research with reference to fear-based messages: the process that influences an individual response to key messages; and the influences of personality trait differences on message perceptions.

This study extends the knowledge in several essential areas and offers a set of recommendations to assist marketers in developing effective message strategies and segmentation based on personality traits. Besides advancing theory, this study enhances the understanding of how to develop more effective road safety messages that will save lives and prevent injuries.

The purpose of this paper is to understand consumer preferences for green vehicles with low fuel consumption and emission. It will examine six important vehicle attributes, including fuel efficiency and CO₂ emissions, and determine the impacts of increasing demand for green attributes on the domestic car industry in Sweden.

Responses to an adaptive choice-based conjoint experiment from a sample of 100 residents in Northern Sweden were analyzed using monotone regression and market simulation.

The authors found that consumer preferences were sensitive to changes in fuel efficiency and emission levels. However, engine power was the most important attribute for existing owners whereas price was the most important one for potential customers, while both market segments valued emission more than fuel efficiency. Also, the domestic producer will benefit from both an increase in market size and market share if all new vehicles have higher fuel efficiency but its market share will decrease if all new vehicles have lower CO₂ emissions.

Although promoting green vehicle purchase is beneficial for the environment, policy makers also need to balance this benefit against any potential adverse effect on the domestic industry and the economy. This study will provide evidence-based recommendations to increase the share of green cars in new vehicle purchase, and thus contribute to improving the environment. Moreover, it will also predict the changes in the market shares of different vehicles, and the potential impact on the domestic automobile manufacturing sector and the economy.

This study will contribute significantly to the understanding of consumer preferences by exploring the preferences of a sample of consumers from a country with a well-established alternative fuel and green car market but has adverse weather and driving conditions and a domestic automobile manufacturing industry. It will also examine the differences in preference between existing owners and potential green car buyers. Finally, it will simulate the effects of changing fuel efficiency and emission levels on consumer utility and preference shares to predict changes in market share of different vehicles, and thus the potential impact on the domestic automobile manufacturing sector and the economy.

Royal Swazi National Airways has selected a Rolls‐Royce Tay‐powered Fokker 100 airliner to boost its services to other major African destinations, including Johannesburg, Nairobi and Harare.

Introduces the theory of artificial neural networks (ANN). Discusses its application to the valuation of residential apartments. Compares the performance of the back propagation neural network (BP) model in estimating sale prices of apartments against the traditional multiple regression analysis (MRA) model. Concludes that the neural network model is an easy‐to‐use, black‐box alternative to the MRA model.

The purpose of this paper is to highlight how young people engage in social justice work. This study is guided by the following question: how do students engage in the social justice work of storytelling through art?

The title stems from a conversation the researcher had with the four female students about whether they identified themselves as activists. After the students collectively agreed that they did not align with the term “activist”, they continued to grapple with definitions of the word and discussed other terms to describe themselves. The conversation is one of many that emerged from a three-year qualitative research project that focused on youth activism, which included a one-year critical narrative inquiry into a ninth-grade Humanities classroom.

This paper positions the artwork as activism, in that the girls embedded multiple narratives into their art to portray a complex narrative about the realities of sex trafficking in their community.

The paper will conclude with implications that focus on the importance of blurring the boundaries between classrooms and communities, cultivating spaces for young people to develop an activist stance and working alongside youth as they compose political–personal stories about injustice, inequality and inequities in their fights for social change.

This paper offers a unique discussion of artmaking (collective biography) as a form of socially just youth literacy. As such, interstitial literacies become the acts of speaking, reading, writing and being that youth/students create and engage in as they move between classrooms and communities.

The maintenance of green building technologies such as building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) is a challenge due to the non-existence of maintainability considerations during the design stage. This led to building defects which accounts to high expenditures throughout the building's lifecycle. The use of BIPV in buildings is an emergent trend, and further research is requisite for their maintainability. This paper assesses the performance and maintainability of BIPV façade applications based on the green maintainability design considerations.

Qualitative method is undertaken in this study, which includes field surveys, instrumental case studies and stakeholder interviews to probe the issues linked with the BIPV's maintainability.

Findings have shown some technical defects discovered in BIPV applications in tropical areas, as well as issues on cost, aesthetics and implementation are the main causes for the low adoption of BIPV in Singapore.

Understanding the research outcomes will embolden designers and allied professionals to team up in ensuring the long-term maintainability and sustainability of green building technologies. This research gives recent and important information in the design, installation and maintainability of BIPV, as well as good practices that would add value to facilities management and to the design of green building technologies.