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Article
Publication date: 3 October 2016

Universities, expertise and the First World War

Julia Horne and Tamson Pietsch

The purpose of this paper is to: introduce the topic of the relationship between universities and the First World War historiographically; put university expertise and…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to: introduce the topic of the relationship between universities and the First World War historiographically; put university expertise and knowledge at the centre of studies of the First World War; and explain how an examination of university expertise and war reveals a continuity of intellectual and scientific activity from war to peace.

Design/methodology/approach

Placing the papers in the special issue of HER on universities and war in the context of a broader historiography of the First World War and its aftermath.

Findings

The interconnections between university expertise and the First World War is a neglected field, yet its examination enriches the current historiography and prompts us to see the war not simply in terms of guns and battles but also how the battlefield extended university expertise with long-lasting implications into the 1920s and 1930s.

Originality/value

The paper explores how universities and their expertise – e.g. medical, artistic, philosophical – were mobilised in the First World War and the following peace.

Details

History of Education Review, vol. 45 no. 2
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/HER-04-2016-0019
ISSN: 0819-8691

Keywords

  • Expertise and knowledge in the First World War
  • Universities and the First World War
  • University expertise, The First World War and peace
  • First World War historiography

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Article
Publication date: 9 October 2020

A history of university income in the United Kingdom and Australia, 1922–2017

Tamson Pietsch

The purpose of this paper is to create comparable time series data on university income in Australia and the UK that might be used as a resource for those seeking to…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to create comparable time series data on university income in Australia and the UK that might be used as a resource for those seeking to understand the changing funding profile of universities in the two countries and for those seeking to investigate how such data were produced and utilised.

Design/methodology/approach

A statistical analysis of university income from all sources in the UK and Australia.

Findings

The article produces a new time series for Australia and a comparable time series for the UK. It suggests some of the ways these data related to broader patterns of economic change, sketches the possibility of strategic influence, and outlines some of their limitations.

Originality/value

This is the first study to systematically create a time series on Australian university income across the twentieth century and present it alongside a comparable dataset for the UK.

Details

History of Education Review, vol. 49 no. 2
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/HER-06-2020-0040
ISSN: 0819-8691

Keywords

  • Australia
  • United Kingdom
  • Universities
  • Funding

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Article
Publication date: 3 October 2016

Universities, war and the professionalization of dentistry

Tamson Pietsch

The purpose of this paper is to bring together the history of war, the universities and the professions. It examines the case of dentistry in New South Wales, detailing…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to bring together the history of war, the universities and the professions. It examines the case of dentistry in New South Wales, detailing its divided pre-war politics, the role of the university, the formation and work of the Dental Corps during the First World War, and the process of professionalization in the 1920s.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper draws on documentary and archival sources including those of the University of Sydney, contemporary newspapers, annual reports and publication of various dental associations, and on secondary sources.

Findings

The paper argues that both the war and the university were central to the professionalization of dentistry in New South Wales. The war transformed the expertise of dentists, shifted their social status and cemented their relationship with the university.

Originality/value

This study is the first to examine dentistry in the context of the histories of war, universities and professionalization. It highlights the need to re-evaluate the changing place of the professions in interwar Australia in the light both of the First World War and of the university’s involvement in it.

Details

History of Education Review, vol. 45 no. 2
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/HER-09-2015-0016
ISSN: 0819-8691

Keywords

  • Australia
  • Universities
  • War
  • Professionalization
  • Dentistry
  • Interwar

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Article
Publication date: 3 October 2016

Empire of Scholars: Universities, Networks and the British Academic World 1850-1939

Deryck Schreuder

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Abstract

Details

History of Education Review, vol. 45 no. 2
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/HER-01-2016-0003
ISSN: 0819-8691

Keywords

  • British
  • Academic

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Article
Publication date: 5 June 2017

Post-war political economics and the growth of Australian university research, c.1945-1965

Hannah Forsyth

The purpose of this paper is to consider the national and international political-economic environment in which Australian university research grew. It considers the…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to consider the national and international political-economic environment in which Australian university research grew. It considers the implications of the growing significance of knowledge to the government and capital, looking past institutional developments to also historicise the systems that fed and were fed by the universities.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is based on the extensive archival research in the National Archives of Australia and the Australian War Memorial on the formation and funding of a wide range of research programmes in the immediate post-war period after the Second World War. These include the Australian Atomic Energy Commission, the NHMRC, the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, the Australian Pacific Territories Research Council, the Commonwealth Office of Education, the Universities Commission and the Murray review. This research was conducted under the Margaret George Award for emerging scholars for a project entitled “Knowledge, Nation and Democracy in Post-War Australia”.

Findings

After the Second World War, the Australian Government invested heavily in research: funding that continued to expand in subsequent decades. In the USA, similar government expenditure affected the trajectory of capitalist democracy for the remainder of the twentieth century, leading to a “military-industrial complex”. The outcome in Australia looked quite different, though still connected to the structure and character of Australian political economics.

Originality/value

The discussion of the spectacular growth of universities after the Second World War ordinarily rests on the growth in enrolments. This paper draws on a very large literature review as well as primary research to offer new insights into the connections between research and post-war political and economic development, which also explain university growth.

Details

History of Education Review, vol. 46 no. 1
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/HER-10-2015-0023
ISSN: 0819-8691

Keywords

  • Research
  • Universities
  • Capitalism
  • Cold War
  • Post-war politics

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Article
Publication date: 6 November 2020

Bilingual education, Aboriginal self-determination and Yolŋu control at Shepherdson College, 1972–1983

Amy Claire Thomas

Self-determination policies and the expansion of bilingual schooling across Australia's Northern Territory (NT) in the 1970s and 1980s provided opportunities for…

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Abstract

Purpose

Self-determination policies and the expansion of bilingual schooling across Australia's Northern Territory (NT) in the 1970s and 1980s provided opportunities for Aboriginal educators and communities to take control over schooling. This paper demonstrates how this occurred at Shepherdson College, a mission school turned government bilingual school, at Galiwin'ku on Elcho Island in North East, Arnhem Land, in the early years of the policies between 1972 and 1983. Yolŋu staff developed a syncretic vision for a Yolŋu-controlled space of education that prioritised Yolŋu knowledges and aimed to sustain Yolŋu existence.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper uses archival data as well as oral histories, focusing on those with a close involvement with Shepherdson College, to elucidate the development of a Yolŋu vision for schooling.

Findings

Many Yolŋu school staff and their supporters, encouraged by promises of the era, pushed for greater Yolŋu control over staffing, curriculum, school spaces and governance. The budgetary and administrative control of the NT and federal governments acted to hinder possibilities. Yet despite these bureaucratic challenges, by the time of the shift towards neoliberal constraints in the early 1980s, Yolŋu educators and their supporters had envisioned and achieved, in a nascent way, a Yolŋu schooling system.

Originality/value

Previous scholarship on bilingual schooling has not closely examined the potent link between self-determination and bilingual schooling, largely focusing on pedagogical debates. Instead, this paper argues that Yolŋu embraced the “way in” offered by bilingual schooling to develop a new vision for community control through control of schooling.

Details

History of Education Review, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/HER-05-2020-0032
ISSN: 0819-8691

Keywords

  • Indigenous
  • Yolŋu
  • Aboriginal
  • Australia
  • Bilingual education
  • Self-determination
  • Galiwin'ku
  • Elcho Island

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