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This paper aims to clarify whether J. Walter Thompson (JWT)’s planning and research tradition gave rise to the concept of Account Planning. In addition, it seeks to analyse the different planning methodologies that preceded Account Planning to highlight how it emerged at JWT London. A further goal is to understand the impact of Account Planning, which sought to achieve effective advertising through detailed consumer insight and has transformed the multinational JWT as a whole and the advertising sector in general.

The methodology is based mainly on the analysis of primary research conducted on original files donated to Duke University Library (North Carolina, USA) by the multinational J. Walter Thompson.

Account Planning emerged in 1968 in London as a consequence of the research and planning tradition that already existed at JWT. JWT’s corporate culture established the importance of the Account Planning approach that was valued by advertisers and spread to all offices. The planning tools used by the multinational today are updated versions of those that were designed from 1960 onwards.

The historical approach taken here precludes an analysis of the current reality of Account Planning. In future research, it would be useful to carry out in-depth interviews with professionals to explore how they apply planning tools that represent updated versions of those that were developed 50 years ago.

This paper’s main interest lies in the fact that it is based on original, unpublished sources, an approach that makes it possible to reassess previous findings.

A Study in Organisation. Under the non‐committal title “Construction of Esso Refinery, Fawley; A Study in Organisation”, A. P. Gray and Mark Abrams tell the story of how this vast £37½ million venture was constructed in little more than two years—thanks to outstandingly efficient management both at the planning and construction stages.

The purpose of this paper is to understand how J. Walter Thompson (JWT) utilized its private forums for its executives over the period 1936‐1938 to build trust both within its own organization as well as with the public in the 1930s. This was a time when the advertising industry was under public scrutiny resulting from using what consumers considered emotional and irrational appeals in their advertising practices.

This archival research examines the meeting minutes of these forums to discover what topics were most important to the leaders of JWT at this time. The archives are located at the Hartman Center at Duke University.

This paper highlights the importance of these forums that were led by the top management team and attended by the creative staff of JWT. These forums played an important role in strengthening the culture of JWT, by building organizational trust and fostering organizational communication with a new generation of JWT leadership.

This paper utilized primary data sources – the meeting minutes from 1936 to 1938 – to uncover the values of JWT and how those values were disseminated to their employees, as well as how it impacted their work with their clients and ultimately the public.

Ring spinning is the most widely used spinning method at present. In the spinning, ring and traveller are the two important components of the twisting process. The properties of ring and traveller have a direct relationship with the yarn qualities and spinning speed. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to study the mutual relationships of flange ring and traveller system by taking the 6802-type traveller with rectangular structure, BU-type traveller with toxoplasma structure and 772-type traveller with corrugated structure as examples.

First, the theoretical calculation models of force and inclinations of the traveller are given, and calculation methods of corresponding key parameters referred in the models are presented. Then, by using SolidWorks software, models of the three kinds of traveller straddling on the PG1-4254 type ring are built, and the traveller and ring are simulated by using ADAMS software. By using MATLAB software, the force and inclinations of the traveller during the rotation around ring are simulated. Finally, the spinning experiments are made.

It is shown that the abrasion of 6802-type traveller is the most serious, and corresponding yarn evenness and hairiness is the worst. The abrasion of BU-type traveller is the slightest, and corresponding yarn evenness is the best. The yarn spins by using 772-type traveller has the least hairiness.

In the paper, the mutual relationships of flange ring and traveller system have been studied. For giving analysis of force and inclinations of the traveller, calculation methods of the key common parameters are presented. By using SolidWorks software, the physical models of the three kinds of traveller straddling on the PG1-4254 type ring are built. And then, the force and inclinations of the traveller during the rotation around ring are simulated by using MATLAB software. At last, the spinning experiments are made to analyse the simulation results.

This study aims to monitor the overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) indicator that is one of the best indicators used to monitor the performance of the company by the multivariate control chart.

To improve continually the performance of a company, many research studies tend to apply Lean six sigma approach. It is one of the best ways used to reduce the variability in the process by using the univariate control chart to know the trend of the variable and make the action before process deviation. Nevertheless, and when the need is to monitor two or more correlated characteristics simultaneously, the univariate control chart will be unable to do it, and the multivariate control chart will be the best way to successfully monitor the correlated characteristics.

For this study, the authors have applied the multivariate control chart to control the OEE performance rate which is composed by the quality rate, performance rate and availability rate, and the relative work from which the authors have adopted the same methodology (Hadian and Rahimifard, 2019) was done for project monitoring, which is done by following different indicators such as cost, and time; the results of this work shows that by applying this tool, all project staff can meet the project timing with the cost already defined at the beginning of the project. The idea of monitoring the OEE rate comes because the OEE contains the three correlated indicators, we can’t do the monitoring of the OEE just by following one of the three because data change and if today we have the performance and quality rate are stable, and the availability is not, tomorrow we can another indicator impacted and, in this case, the univariate control chart can’t response to our demand. That’s why we have choose the multivariate control chart to prevent the trend of OEE performance rate. Otherwise, and according to production planning work, they try to prevent the downtime by switching to other references, but after applying the OEE monitoring using the multivariate control chart, the company can do the monitoring of his ability to deliver the good product at time to meet customer demand.

The application was done per day, it will be good to apply it per shift in order to have the ability to take the fast reaction in case of process deviation. The other perspective point we can have is to supervise the process according to the control limits found and see if the process still under control after the implementation of the Multivariate control chart at the OEE Rate and if we still be able to meet customer demand in terms of Quantity and Quality of the product by preventing the process deviation using multivariate control chart.

The implication of this work is to provide to the managers the trend of the performance of the workshop by measuring the OEE rate and by following if the process still under control limits, if not the reaction plan shall be established before the process become out of control.

The OEE indicator is one of the effective indicators used to monitor the ability of the company to produce good final product, and the monitoring of this indicator will give the company a visibility of the trend of performance. For this reason, the authors have applied the multivariate control chart to supervise the company performance. This indicator is composed by three different rates: quality, performance and availability rate, and because this tree rates are correlated, the authors have tried to search the best tool which will give them the possibility to monitor the OEE rate. After literature review, the authors found that many works have used the multivariate control chart, especially in the field of project: to monitor the time and cost simultaneously. After that, the authors have applied the same approach to monitor the OEE rate which has the same objective : to monitor the quality, performance and availability rate in the same time.

SOME type of three dimensional drawing has long been recognized as the ideal form of production illustration but they have seldom been used because of the difficulties involved in their preparation. The Glenn L. Martin Company of Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A., have developed a technique, which includes a machine that cuts 50 to 80 per cent off the time required to prepare a trimctric drawing and four new drawing instruments, that offers promise of considerable simplification.

A hygrometer calibration unit consists of a large water reservoir, a diffusion tube and a cell through which the gas is passed. It operates at moisture levels up to 1,000ppm and functions accurately at discreet levels of, say 1,5, and 10ppm. It operates on most gases. Price is £39. Delivery is 3 to 4 weeks.

Statistical analysis is based on annual data collected from 132 Boursa Kuwait listed firms from 2016 to 2019 (i.e. yielding 528 firm-year observations). During the observation window (i.e. 2016 to 2019) 116 firms switched from joint-to solo-audits. Level and change models test if audit quality (proxied by abnormal accruals) is impacted by joint-/solo-audit switching. Therefore this paper explores the audit quality following abolition of mandated joint-audits in Kuwait.

This paper investigates the impact on audit quality following abolition of mandated joint-audit requirements in 2016 in Kuwait. The study is differentiated from prior analysis by focusing on an emerging economy setting, and by considering a more expansive set of joint-audit pairings, solo-audit types and switching options.

Abolition of mandated joint-audit requirements prompted a majority of Boursa Kuwait listed firms to switch to solo-audits. Analysis indicates that switch does not significantly decrease audit quality. Also, audit quality changes are not dependent on the specific joint-audit pairing/solo-audit type switch.

Analysis is based on a single national setting comprising a small set of firms. Nonetheless, results imply the impact of joint-/solo-audit switching following abolition of mandated requirements is more universal with generalizability to different economic settings.

Results indicate that following elimination of mandated joint-audit requirements, firms have a propensity to favor solo-audits. Irrespective of the joint-audit pairing and solo-audit type, findings show a joint-/solo-audit switch does not compromise audit quality.

Analysis is the first to investigate the impact of joint/solo-audit switches on audit quality in an emerging economy with tests considering more joint-audit pairings than assessed previously.