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The purpose of this paper is to reduce the torque ripple but not to decrease the average torque of synchronous reluctance machines by using one step or more than two axially laminated rotors with asymmetric flux-barrier.

A 24-slot four-pole synchronous reluctance machine with overlapping windings and asymmetric flux-barrier in the rotor is, first, described and designed by finite element (FE) method for maximizing average torque. The dimensions of asymmetric flux-barrier including the pole span angle and flux-barrier angle will be optimized to minimize the torque ripple and its influence on the average torque is also investigated by FE analysis. The impact of current angle on the average torque and torque ripple are also analysed. The step laminations together with the asymmetric flux-barrier are employed for further torque ripple reduction which can consider the both rotation directions.

The torque ripple of synchronous reluctance machine can be significantly reduced by employing asymmetric flux-barrier but the average torque is not reduced.

The purely sinusoidal currents are applied in this analysis and the effects of harmonics in the current on torque ripple are not considered in this application. The 24-slot/four-pole synchronous reluctance machine with single-layer flux-barrier has been employed in this analysis, but this work can be continued to investigate the synchronous reluctance machine with multilayer flux-barrier. This asymmetric flux-barrier can be easily applied to permanent magnet (PM)-assisted synchronous reluctance machine and the interior PM machine with flux-barrier in the rotor, since the space which is used for PM insertion is the same as the SynRM machines.

This paper has analysed the torque ripple and average torque of synchronous reluctance machines with asymmetric flux-barrier and step laminations with asymmetric flux-barrier. The torque ripple can be reduced by this flux-barrier arrangement. The difference of this technique with the other techniques such as stator/rotor skew is that the average torque can be improved.

Discusses the 27 papers in ISEF 1999 Proceedings on the subject of electromagnetisms. States the groups of papers cover such subjects within the discipline as: induction machines; reluctance motors; PM motors; transformers and reactors; and special problems and applications. Debates all of these in great detail and itemizes each with greater in‐depth discussion of the various technical applications and areas. Concludes that the recommendations made should be adhered to.

The purpose of this paper is to comparatively study a synchronous reluctance machine (SynRM) and a permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance machine (PMASynRM) as alternatives of the interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM), and to investigate the performance and conclude both advantages and disadvantages.

A unified mathematical model is established for the IPMSM, SynRM and PMASynRM. Then finite element method (FEM) is used to compare the electromagnetic performance. Permeability-frozen method is utilized to distinguish basic electromagnetic torque and reluctance torque.

The PMASynRM can improve the power factor of the SynRM, overcome the drawback of the IPMSM in the high-speed flux-weakening region and is more proper to operate over a wide speed region. The SynRM is mechanically robust for lacking of the permanent magnets, and the PMASynRM can keep similar rotor stress as the SynRM by optimizing the magnets. Assembly of the SynRM is the simplest, and the economic performance of the SynRM and PMASynRM could be much better than the IPMSM which even uses ferrite magnets.

The SynRM can produce identical torque and efficiency compared with the IPMSM except the poor power factor. The poor power factor could be improved by adopting the PMASynRM, which is proved to be able to act as an alternative of the IPMSM for low-cost high-performance application.

This paper provides the theoretical model of the IPMSM, SynRM and PMASynRM in a unified format. The electromagnetic, mechanical and economic performances of the three kinds of synchronous motors are compared comprehensively. Then, both the advantages and disadvantages are summarized.

The purpose of this paper is to present optimally designed synchronous reluctance machine (SynRM) to demonstrate the feasibility of eliminating the use of rare earth permanent magnet (PM) in electric machine for vehicle traction applications.

A typical rare earth interior permanent magnet (IPM) machine is used as the benchmark to conduct the optimal design study. Based on the flux distribution, major changes are made to the rotor lamination design. Enhanced torque production and lower torque ripple are specifically targeted as the two main objectives of the proposed design approach.

As a result, the optimally designed SynRM can achieve performance very close to that of the benchmark PM machine with a potential for further improvement.

Discussions of IPM replacement by optimally designed SynRM in electrical and hybrid electrical vehicles are given in terms of performance and cost.

The purpose of this paper is to minimize the optimization parameter number of synchronous reluctance machine (SynRM) and permanent magnet (PM) assisted SynRM, and compare their relative merits with interior permanent magnet (IPM) machine for electric vehicle applications, in terms of electromagnetic performance and material cost.

The analysis of electromagnetic performance is based on finite element analysis, by using software MAXWELL. The genetic algorithm is utilized for optimization.

The rotor design of SynRM can be significantly simplified by imposing some reasonable conditions. The number of rotor design parameters can be reduced to three. The electromagnetic performance of SynRM is much poorer than that of IPM, although the material cost is much cheaper, approximately one-third of IPM. The ferrite-SynRM is competitive and even better than IPM especially for high electric loading, in terms of torque capability, torque-speed characteristic, power factor, threshold speed and efficiency. In addition, ferrite-assisted SynRM has great advantage over IPM in material cost, 55 percent cheaper. The performance of NdFeB-assisted SynRM is close to IPM in terms of torque capability, torque-speed characteristic, power factor, torque ripple and efficiency. The material cost of NdFeB-assisted SynRM is ∼25 percent lower than IPM.

Some conditions, which can simplify the optimization of SynRM rotor, are discussed. The electromagnetic performances and material costs of SynRM, ferrite-assisted, NdFeB-assisted SynRMs and IPM are quantitatively compared and discussed.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of stator and rotor pole number combinations together with the flux-barrier layers number on the performance of synchronous reluctance machine with emphasis on output torque capability and torque ripple.

AC synchronous reluctance machine (SynRM) or permanent magnet assisted SynRM presently receives a great deal of interest, since there is less or even no rare-earth permanent magnet in the rotor. Most of SynRM machines employ a stator that is originally designed for a standard squirrel cage induction motor for a similar output rating and application, or the SynRM machine with 24-slot, four-pole are often directly chosen for investigation in most of the available literature. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the influence of stator and rotor pole number combinations together with the flux-barrier layers number on the performance of SynRM machine with emphasis on output torque capability and torque ripple.

The average torque decreases with the increase of the pole numbers but remain almost constant when employing different stator slot numbers but with the same pole number. In addition, the torque ripple decreases significantly with the increase of the stator slot number. The machine with double-layer flux-barrier in the rotor has the biggest average torque, while the machines with three- and four-layer flux-barrier in the rotor have almost the same average torque but their value is slightly smaller than that of machine with double-layer flux-barrier. However, the machine with three-layer flux-barrier has the lowest torque ripple but the highest torque ripple exists in the machine with double-layer flux-barrier.

The purely sinusoidal currents are applied in this analysis and the effects of harmonics in the current on torque ripple are not considered in this application.

This paper has analyzed the torque ripple and average torque of SynRMs with considering slot/pole number combinations together with the flux-barrier number.

High torque ripple is the significant challenge of the synchronous reluctance machine in household electric appliances, electric vehicles and so on. This paper aims to present an optimized design of a synchronous reluctance rotor structure to reduce the torque ripple with improving the average torque by the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm.

The optimization of rotor geometries has been investigated. Most of the rotor parameters such as the width of iron parts, the width of barriers along d and q axes and the endpoint angle of barriers are optimized by a new method using the PSO algorithm. After optimization, the resulted optimum design along with the initial design is simulated by two-dimensional finite element method and results are compared. At the end, a prototype is constructed and tested. Results of the experiment are compared with the simulation results where acceptable adoption is yielded.

Minimizing the torque ripple without losing the average torque is an important achievement of the synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM) optimization; furthermore, the finite element analysis and experimental results indicate that the torque ripple of the SynRM with the optimized rotor is reduced significantly. Also, increasing the number of optimization parameters can effectively obtain an accurate shape of the SynRM barrier.

Because of the high number of parameters in synchronous reluctance rotors, the majority of proposed optimizations did not use all geometric parameters of the rotor and tried to simplify the optimization by ignoring several optimization parameters or reducing the number of flux barriers. In this optimization, most of the rotor parameters have been used to achieve the precise barrier shape with the aim of reducing the torque ripple in SynRM.

Rotor shape optimization is crucial in designing synchronous reluctance machines (SynRMs) because the machine performance is directly proportional to the rotor’s magnetic saliency ratio. The rotor geometry in synchronous reluctance machines is complex, and many geometrical parameters must be optimized. When fluid flux-barrier geometry is desirable, using analytic equations to prepare the rotor geometry for finite element analysis could be tedious. This paper aims to provide a robust numerical procedure to draw the fluid flux-barrier geometry in transversally laminated radial flux inner and outer rotor SynRMs by directly solving the magnetic vector potential equation using the finite difference method..

In this paper, the goal is to have a robust procedure for drawing the rotor geometry for an arbitrary number of slots (Ns), poles (p) and flux-barrier layers (Nfb). Therefore, this paper targeted several combinations to investigate the performance of the proposed algorithm. The MATLAB software is used to implement the proposed algorithm. The ANSYS Maxwell software is used for counterpart finite element simulation to check the correctness of the results derived by the proposed method.

Several inner and outer rotor SynRMs considering a different number of poles and a different number of flux-barrier layers per pole are studied to investigate the performance of the proposed algorithm. Results corresponding to each case are presented, and it is shown that the method is robust, flexible and fast enough, which could be used for the generation of the rotor geometry for the finite element analysis effectively.

The value of the proposed algorithm is its simplicity and straightforwardness in its implementation for the preparation of the rotor geometry with the desired fluid flux-barrier layer curvature resolution suitable for the finite element analysis. The procedure presented in this paper is based on the ideal magnetic loading concept, and in future works, a similar idea could be used for linear and axial flux SynRMs.

The purpose of this paper is to present a comparison between reluctance synchronous machine-enabling work at high internal temperature (HT° machine) with laminated and solid rotor.

To obtain heat sources for the thermal model, calculations of the electromagnetic field were made using the Opera 3D program including effect of rotation and the resulting eddy current losses. To analyse the thermal phenomenon, the 3D coupled thermal-fluid (CFD) model is used.

The presented results show clearly that laminated construction is much better from a point of view of efficiency and temperature. However, solid construction can be interesting for high speed machines due to their mechanical robustness.

The main problem, despite the use of parallel calculations, is the long calculation time.

The obtained simulation and experimental results show the possibility of building a machine operating at a much higher ambient temperature than it was previously produced for example in the vicinity of the aircraft turbines.

The paper presents the application of fully three-dimensional coupled electromagnetic and thermal analysis of new machine constructions designed for elevated temperature.

This paper aims to deal with the design optimization of a synchronous reluctance machine to be used in an X-ray tube, where the goal is to maximize the torque while keeping low the amount of material used, by means of gradient-based free-form shape optimization.

The presented approach is based on the mathematical concept of shape derivatives and allows to obtain new motor designs without the need to introduce a geometric parametrization. This paper presents an extension of a standard gradient-based free-form shape optimization algorithm to the case of multiple objective functions by determining updates, which represent a descent of all involved criteria. Moreover, this paper illustrates a way to obtain an approximate Pareto front.

The presented method allows to obtain optimal designs of arbitrary, non-parametric shape with very low computational cost. This paper validates the results by comparing them to a parametric geometry optimization in JMAG by means of a stochastic optimization algorithm. While the obtained designs are of similar shape, the computational time used by the gradient-based algorithm is in the order of minutes, compared to several hours taken by the stochastic optimization algorithm.

This paper applies the presented gradient-based multi-objective optimization algorithm in the context of free-form shape optimization using the mathematical concept of shape derivatives. The authors obtain a set of Pareto-optimal designs, each of which is a shape that is not represented by a fixed set of parameters. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this approach to multi-objective free-form shape optimization is novel in the context of electric machines.