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The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of the symmetrical disposition of information items displayed on the front of product packaging on perceived complexity, perceptual fluency, aesthetic evaluation and product purchase intention.

A sample of 104 participants was exposed to fast-moving consumer goods packaging. A within-subject design experiment was carried out to assess the influence of the symmetrical disposition of information items displayed on the front of the packaging. ANOVA and a PROCESS procedure to assess mediation (Hayes, 2013) examined the relationships among the factors influenced by symmetry.

This study found that the symmetrical disposition of information items around the vertical axis (mirror symmetry) decreased visual complexity and highlighted an “indirect-only mediation” of visual complexity on the aesthetic evaluation of the packaging through processing fluency. This research also highlighted the fact that packaging aesthetic evaluation had a positive influence on purchase intention.

This study extends knowledge on package design by showing that the elements on which the producer can act (in this case, symmetry on the front of packaging) have an influence on the consumer’s evaluation of the product and intention to purchase.

In this letter, based on the infinitesimal transformations with respect to the generalized coordinates and generalized momentums, we obtain the definition, determining equations and structure equation of the momentum‐dependent symmetry for the systems. This study directly leads to the non‐ Noether type conserved quantity for the systems. Further we also give the inverse issue of the momentum‐dependent symmetries of the systems. However, a theory of momentum‐dependent symmetries of the nonconservative Hamiltonian systems is established. Finally, an example is discussed to illustrate the results.

This study aims to review Luhmann's theory of moral communication while focusing on symmetry conditions, in light of Armin Nassehi's criticism, to clarify issues regarding this concept. Then, Luhmann's symmetry condition is reconstructed as a concept containing double meaning via a case study in Japan. Correspondingly, interesting situations and characteristics of moral communication, such as “inflation,” the “polemogene” and ubiquity of moral communication, are interpreted more consistently.

In today's society, moral communication may spiral out of control and even be fatal. By examining Niklas Luhmann's theory, in this paper, the author elaborates on why and how this mechanism occurs.

The author emphasizes that the suspicion pertaining to the asymmetry of communication is stressed in the case of anonymity. When an individual communicates using a moral code, it is impossible to discern whether the implications of self-bindingness are undermined or not through observations or consequences of communication and can only be questioned or confirmed through communication. However, criticizing the outburst of the masses and exchanging blame by isolating only one aspect of such a phenomenon will only be superficial.

This study reveals that the very condition that makes moral communication possible enables people to communicate respectfully or contemptuously with others without any special qualification. Such an analysis can serve as a theoretical underpinning for the analysis of today's phenomena.

The purpose of this paper is to use symmetry conditions for the reduction of computing times in problems involving finite element‐based multi‐scale constitutive models of nonlinear heterogeneous media.

Two types of representative volume element (RVE) symmetry often found in practice are considered: staggered‐translational and point symmetry. These are analyzed under three types RVE of kinematical constraints: periodic boundary fluctuations (typical of periodic media), linear boundary displacements (which gives an upper bound for the macroscopic stiffness) and the minimum kinematical constraint (corresponding to uniform boundary tractions and providing a lower bound for the macroscopic stiffness).

Numerical examples show that substantial savings in computing times are achieved by taking advantage of such symmetries. These are particularly pronounced in fully coupled two‐scale analyses, where the macroscopic equilibrium problem is solved simultaneously with a large number of microscopic equilibrium problems at Gauss‐point level. Speed‐up factors in excess of seven have been found in such cases, when both symmetry conditions considered are present at the same time.

This paper extends the original considerations of Ohno et al. to account for other RVE kinematical constraints, namely, the linear boundary displacement and the minimum kinematical constraint (or uniform boundary traction model). Provides a more precise assessment of the impact of the use of such symmetries on computing times by means of numerical examples. In addition, for completeness, the direct enforcement of such constraints within a Newton‐based finite element solution procedure for the RVE equilibrium problem is detailed in the paper.

Product design is an important marketing variable. Most literature about consumer preference for product design focuses on aesthetic product value. However, the appearance of a product also influences consumer perception of functionalities, quality, and ease of use. This paper therefore, seeks to assess how preference for visual complexity and symmetry depends on the type of product value that is important to people.

In a conjoint study the utility of visual complexity and symmetry in determining preference for eight VCR pictures are assessed (n=422). These utilities are used as dependent variables in regression analyses with the different product values (aesthetic, functionalities, quality, and ease of use) as independent variables.

The effects of visual complexity and symmetry on consumers' preferences depend on the product value to which consumers paid attention.

To increase insight into the relationship between design and consumer product preference, the impact of a design on consumer perception of all types of product value – not only aesthetic value – should be taken into account.

This research has direct implications for managers overseeing aspects of product development relating to aligning the design effort with target customers and determining specific product design executions.

Two studies investigate how different structural properties of images – symmetry (vertical and horizontal) and image contrast – affect social media marketing outcomes of consumer liking and engagement.

In Study 1’s experiment, 361 participants responded to social media marketing images that varied in vertical or horizontal symmetry and level of image contrast. Study 2 analyzes field data on 610 Instagram posts.

Study 1 demonstrates that vertical or horizontal symmetry and high image contrast increase consumer liking of social media marketing images, and that processing fluency and aesthetic response mediate these relationships. Study 2 reveals that symmetry and high image contrast improve consumer engagement on social media (number of “likes” and comments).

These studies extend theory regarding processing fluency’s and aesthetic response’s roles in consumer outcomes within social media marketing. Image posts’ structural properties affect processing fluency and aesthetic response without altering brand information or advertising content.

Because consumer liking of marketing communications (e.g. social media posts) predicts persuasion and sales, results should help marketers design more effective posts and achieve brand-building and behavioral objectives. Based on the results, marketers are urged to consider the processing fluency and aesthetic response associated with any image developed for social media marketing.

Addressing the lack of empirical investigations in the existing literature, the reported studies demonstrate that effects of symmetry and image contrast in generating liking are driven by processing fluency and aesthetic response. Additionally, these studies establish novel effects of images’ structural properties on consumer engagement with brand-based social media marketing communications.

This study aims to investigate the relationship between perceptions of mediators acting symmetrically (treating parties equally) and transparently (providing an explanation of past or future behavior) with parties’ assessments of the neutrality of their mediator and satisfaction with the mediation process.

This mixed-method study surveyed parties and mediators from 35 naturally occurring mediation sessions at community mediation centers about their perceptions of neutrality, symmetry, transparency and satisfaction.

The results showed that parties overwhelmingly assessed their mediators as acting neutrally. Compared to parties’ assessments of mediator neutrality, mediators rated their own neutrality even higher. Symmetry and transparency were both positively correlated with parties’ assessment of mediator neutrality and also emerged as qualitative themes. Speaking order and talk time did not significantly correlate with perception of symmetry. Overall, symmetry appeared to be a more salient factor in parties’ assessment of mediator neutrality than transparency. Both neutrality and symmetry were positively correlated with party satisfaction with the mediation process, but transparency was not.

The present study provides a foundation for future research in understanding neutrality from both parties and mediators’ perspectives. The primary limitation was a small sample size and possible selection bias in achieving the sample.

The study found that symmetry and transparency are useful strategies for managing party perceptions of mediator neutrality and party satisfaction with the mediation process.

This study is one of only a few empirical research studies that investigated the parties’ perspective of mediator neutrality. The study provides a foundation for future research in understanding neutrality from both parties and mediators’ perspectives.

The purpose of this paper is to describe how the method recently developed for mass‐spring systems and frame structures is modified to include the free vibration of trusses.

Here, two methods are presented for calculating the eigenfrequencies of structures. The first approach is graph theoretical and uses graph symmetry. The graph models are decomposed into submodels and healing processes are employed such that the union of the eigenvalues of the healed submodels contain the eigenvalues of the entire model. The second method has an algebraic nature and uses special canonical forms. The present method is illustrated through three simple examples with odd and even number of bays.

The inter‐relation for the mechanical properties of elements is established using new weighted graphs, enabling easy calculation of the eigenvalues involved. Two methods are presented for calculating the eigenfrequencies of the truss structures.

Symmetry is used for easy calculation of the eigenfrequencies of structures.

The purpose of this paper is to study the applications of Lie symmetry method on the boundary value problem (BVP) for nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) in fluid mechanics.

The authors solved a BVP for nonlinear PDEs in fluid mechanics based on the effective combination of the symmetry, homotopy perturbation and Runge–Kutta methods.

First, the multi-parameter symmetry of the given BVP for nonlinear PDEs is determined based on differential characteristic set algorithm. Second, BVP for nonlinear PDEs is reduced to an initial value problem of the original differential equation by using the symmetry method. Finally, the approximate and numerical solutions of the initial value problem of the original differential equations are obtained using the homotopy perturbation and Runge–Kutta methods, respectively. By comparing the numerical solutions with the approximate solutions, the study verified that the approximate solutions converge to the numerical solutions.

The application of the Lie symmetry method in the BVP for nonlinear PDEs in fluid mechanics is an excellent and new topic for further research. In this paper, the authors solved BVP for nonlinear PDEs by using the Lie symmetry method. The study considered that the boundary conditions are the arbitrary functions Bi(x)(i = 1,2,3,4), which are determined according to the invariance of the boundary conditions under a multi-parameter Lie group of transformations. It is different from others’ research. In addition, this investigation will also effectively popularize the range of application and advance the efficiency of the Lie symmetry method.

The purpose of this paper is to concern with introducing symmetry analysis to the extended Sakovich equation.

The newly developed Sakovich equation has been handled by using the Lie symmetries via using the Lie group method.

The developed extended Sakovich model exhibit symmetries and invariant solutions.

The present study is to address the two main motivations: the study of symmetry analysis and the study of soliton solutions of the extended Sakovich equation.

The work introduces symmetry analysis to the Painlevé-integrable extended Sakovich equation.

The work presents useful symmetry algorithms for handling new integrable equations.

The paper presents an original work with symmetry analysis and shows useful findings.