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The purpose of this paper is to propose a supervisory command‐to‐line‐of‐sight guidance law with lead angle which keeps the missile flight within the tracking beam.

A nonlinear supervisory controller is designed and coupled with the main sliding mode controller in the form of an additional control signal. The supervisory control signal is activated when the beam angle constraint goes to be violated. Initially a supervisory controller is designed using nonlinear control theory. Subsequently the main tracking controller is designed using sliding mode approach which forces the missile to fly along the desired line‐of‐sight. The stability of the supervisory controller coupled with the main controller is proved in the Lyapunov sense.

There exists a major drawback with the lead angle method of guidance, which is a high probability of flying out of the beam. The proposed supervisory controller has successfully overcome this deficiency. Thus, a better performance has been achieved.

The proposed guidance scheme can be applied to tactical surface to air missiles. Additionally the idea of supervisory controller can be applied to any similar control problem where there are some constrains over the states of the system.

The idea of supervisory controller has not been applied to the problem of command‐to‐line‐of‐sight guidance law. This paper utilizes and extends the idea of supervisory controller design to cases when a special state is to be supervised while considering the effect of external disturbances.

The purpose of this paper is not only seek to trace developments that have contributed to the importance of risk in regulation, but also to justify why risk has become so significant within regulatory and governmental circles.

This task will be facilitated through a consideration of theories associated with risk, and by reference to two forms of risk regulation, namely risk‐based regulation and meta regulation. As well as a consideration of the application of both in jurisdictions such as the UK, the paper adopts a comparative approach through references to the their application in jurisdictions such as Germany, Italy, and the USA, and also through a comparison between meta‐regulatory strategies and risk‐based regulation.

This paper concludes that all regulatory strategies should take into consideration the importance of management responsibilities – both on individual and corporate levels. Meta‐risk regulation has not only assumed such a prominent position in regulation through its application in Basel II, but also is preferred to risk‐based regulation – not only because of the element of ambiguity which risk‐based regulation introduces into its assessment (through a consideration of the external environment of the firm), but also because of its impact of the use of external auditors in regulation and supervision.

The practical implications of a move towards risk‐based regulatory strategies, and meta‐regulatory strategies in particular, is that courts are simply not adequately equipped to deal with the pace with which some financial instruments, such as derivatives, operate.

This paper not only introduces originality through its comparative approach and the choice of jurisdictions involved, but also through the attention it draws to the need for more innovative techniques such as meta regulation. Meta regulation can be considered to be the most evolved and collaborative form of regulation, which is best suited for such an ever‐evolving and changing regulatory environment that currently exists.

Amid increased size and complexity of the banking industry, operational risk has a greater potential to occur in more harmful ways than many other sources of risk. This paper seeks to provide a succinct overview of the current regulatory framework of operational risk under the New Basel Accord with a view to inform a critical debate about the influence of data collection, loss reporting, and model specification on the consistency of risk‐sensitive capital rules.

The paper's approach is to investigate the regulatory implications of varying characteristics of operational risk and different methods to identify operational risk exposure.

The findings reveal that effective operational risk measurement hinges on how the reporting of operational risk losses and the model sensitivity of quantitative methods affect the generation of consistent risk estimates.

The presented findings offer tractable recommendations for a more coherent and consistent regulation of operational risk.

Drawing from the social exchange theory, the job demands-resources theory and the employee–organization relationship framework, this article aims to investigate underlying mechanisms through which organizational resources impact frontline service employees’ (FLEs) core service performance and customer-oriented organizational citizenship behavior (OCB).

An empirical study was conducted based on a multi-source data from 211 employee–customer pairs, with structural equation modeling used to test hypotheses.

FLE felt gratitude toward the firm fully mediates the impacts of supervisory guidance and employee-oriented relationship investment in influencing employees’ service performance and customer-oriented OCB. The study further finds that when the perceived job autonomy is low, providing supervisory guidance is more effective in eliciting employee gratitude than employee-oriented relationship investments. In contrast, when the perceived job autonomy is high, employee-oriented relationship investment elicits higher employee gratitude than supervisory guidance.

First, as cross-sectional pair data were used to test the proposed hypotheses, a stronger case might be made for the use of longitudinal data. Second, the current study uses a large variety of industries to study the phenomenon of employee gratitude and customer-oriented performance. Third, given recent globalization trends, it is increasingly important for researchers to address how the knowledge gained within an US context is applicable on a global scale. Finally, the two types of organizational resources included in the study are both positive resources.

The findings offer insights about how firms can strategically invest organizational resources to favorably influence FLE gratitude and customer outcomes as well as how job autonomy plays a role in leveraging the impacts of those resources.

This study is one of the few to advance our understanding of how FLE felt gratitude serves as an intervening mechanism through which functional and social resources invested by service organizations lead to desirable customer outcomes. In addition, this study explores the moderating role of FLE perceived job autonomy, suggesting the contingent nature of organizational resources in affecting customer-oriented FLE behaviors, which was rarely attended in previous research.

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of supervisory Leveraged Lending Guidance (LLG) (2013–2014) on risk and structure of syndicated loans arranged by the largest US banks with participation of nonbank lenders.

This study uses supervisory shared national credit loan-level data from 2010 to 2015 and DealScan loan origination data and use linear regressions with clustered standard errors.

This study finds that the impact of the LLG was mixed. Incidence and risk of leveraged lending declined following the Guidance, as reflected in lower nonbank syndicate participation. However, the covenant protections weakened and loan spreads at origination declined. This study also provides evidence that some risky lending originations shifted to nonbank entities outside of the banking regulatory environment.

This study contributes and expands literature on the impact of regulatory guidance on loan risk, terms and structure, focusing on nonbank participation in syndicated commercial loans.

This study aims to survey supervisory requirements and expectations for counterparty credit risk (CCR).

In this paper, a survey of CCR including the following elements has been performed. First, various concepts in CCR measurement and management, including prevalent practices, definitions and conceptual issues have been introduced. Then, various supervisory requirements and expectations with respect to CCR have been summarized. This study has multiple areas of relevance and may be extended in various ways. Risk managers, traders and regulators may find this to be a valuable reference. Directions for future research could include empirical analysis, development of a theoretical framework and a comparative analysis of systems for analyzing and regulating CCR.

Some of the thoughts regarding the concept of risk will be considered and surveyed, and then how these apply to CCR will be considered. A classical dichotomy exists in the literature, the earliest exposition upon which is credited to Knight (1921), who defines uncertainty is when it is not possible to measure a probability distribution or it is unknown. This is contrasted with the situation where either the probability distribution is known, or knowable through repeated experimentation. Arguably, in economic and finance (and more broadly in the social or natural as opposed to the physical or mathematical sciences), the former is a more realistic scenario that is being contending with (e.g. a fair vs loaded die, or die with unknown number of sides.) The authors are forced to rely upon empirical data to estimate loss distributions, but this is complicated because of changing economic conditions, which invalidate forecasts that our econometric models generate.

This is one of few studies of the CCR regulations that is so far-reaching.

This article offers a practical approach to demonstrating the pitfalls of broker‐dealers not preparing written supervisory procedures. By showing examples of legal complications that can arise, as well as outlining the current regulatory directives in favor of written procedures, the author emphasizes that written supervisory procedures cannot be treated lightly or as a back‐burner issue.

To describe the contextual supervision (CS) model, and to invite interested researchers to study its effects in a wider range of applications across a variety of management fields.

The developer of the CS model summarizes how he refined and studied the original situational leadership approach to assist supervisory personnel in education to mentor teacher‐interns as they developed their classroom instructional skills.

The 15 years of accumulated CS findings have consistently identified several strengths and one lingering limitation with the model. Key strengths are that CS is intuitively appealing and relatively easy to learn and that it helps participants clearly conceptualize the entire supervisory process. The limitation is that there appears to be a small, but persistent, number of supervisors who, although trained in CS, tend to exhibit a mismatch of style with supervisee developmental level.

There is enough research evidence to suggest that the CS model has potential to be adapted and studied by managerial personnel across a variety of other supervisory areas; and that it could enhance supervisors’ mentoring of protégés engaged in learning and/or improving the skills and knowledge specific to their particular fields.

The author invites collaborative inquiry across disciplines in order to have scholars and practitioners consider applying the CS model in their mentoring activities; and also to study and to disseminate the results in order to add to the research base on CS.

This paper aims to identify social psychological root causes of misconduct by traders and offers practical guidelines to prevent misconduct.

The authors use insights on social psychological mechanisms to examine current business practices observed in the context of supervisory activities. Case examples were collected at Dutch and European banks, including major institutions. This is an opinion peace that interprets regulator experiences from a social psychological perspective.

The authors characterize standard responses to misconduct in trading as reactive and elucidate why this “bad apples” perspective is insufficiently effective. As an alternative, the authors address the social psychological root causes of misconduct within trading teams. The “corrupting barrels” model identifies ineffective error approaches, outcome inequality and dysfunctional moral climates as contextual root causes in team dynamics. The model uses current insights from empirical research in psychology to do so.

This paper specifies practical guidelines that help prevent future misconduct among traders.

Addressing the contextual root causes of misconduct at the team level will help banks and financial supervisors to improve their effectiveness in preventing misconduct. In the context of standard “bad apples” approaches, the “corrupting barrels” model offers an original perspective.

The purpose of this paper is to give a brief background to the Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards (DoLS), and studies which factors Best Interests Assessors consider when making a judgement on Deprivation of Liberty. It examines some of the reasons why professionals may be under-using DoLS, including lack of knowledge, complex processes and paperwork, and the pejorative nature of the word “deprivation”, and looks at a possible way forward.

The paper looks at the evidence to the House of Commons and House of Lords Committees on the Mental Health Act and Mental Capacity Act, as well as previous and current research papers. It examines the nuances of difference between restriction and deprivation, and the cumulative impact of several restrictions, which may, in fact, amount to a deprivation, illustrated by case studies from the author's own practice.

It makes the case that health and social care professionals should err on the side of caution, by making precautionary DoLS applications, arguing that MCA DoLS is a forerunner of good practice, and that good care planning allied to judicious application of the MCA leads to better, more robust and more defensible decision making.

And it points the way to a possible future, citing the recommendations of the Select Committee on the MCA for a clearer link between DoLS and the principles underpinning the MCA, and for simplifying and clarifying the legislative provisions and the associated paperwork.