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This study aims on a broad review of Concrete's Rheological Properties. The Concrete is a commonly used engineering material because of its exquisite mechanical interpretation, but the addition of constituent amounts has significant effects on the concrete’s fresh properties. The workability of the concrete mixture is a short-term property, but it is anticipated to affect the concrete’s long-term property.

In this review, the concrete and workability definition; concrete’s rheology models like Bingham model, thixotropy model, H-B model and modified Bingham model; obtained rheological parameters of concrete; the effect of constituent’s rheological properties, which includes cement and aggregates; and the concrete’s rheological properties such as consistency, mobility, compatibility, workability and stability were studied in detail.

Also, this review study has detailed the constituents and concrete’s rheological properties effects. Moreover, it exhibits the relationship between yield stress and plastic viscosity in concrete’s rheological behavior. Hence, several methods have been reviewed, and performance has been noted. In that, the abrasion resistance concrete has attained the maximum compressive strength of 73.6 Mpa; the thixotropy approach has gained the lowest plastic viscosity at 22 Pa.s; and the model coaxial cylinder has recorded the lowest stress rate at 8 Pa.

This paper especially describes the possible strategies to constrain improper prediction of concrete’s rheological properties that make the workability and rheological behavior prediction simpler and more accurate. From this, future guidelines can afford for prediction of concrete rheological behavior by implementing novel enhancing numerical techniques and exploring the finest process to evaluate the workability.

Modern construction methods have been developed with the goal of reducing construction time as much as possible, which results in some situations during construction and within the first few days after it, when concrete is subjected to exceptionally high loads. The precast concrete, which is the concrete in very early ages, may result in severe cracks or damages. In conventional construction projects, sometimes working with concrete, which had not reached its ultimate strength, is an unavoidable matter of fact. This paper aims to discuss these issues.

Researchers in the field of construction materials have done their best to make some changes in the different parts of the concrete in order to bring about reforms, based on the existing needs, and achieve new quality and primacy from concrete. One kind of concrete, the emergence of which dates back to many years ago, is self-compacting concrete. Thanks to its high efficiency for the parts with complex forms of high-density steel, this kind of concrete suggests new prospects.

This study aims at evaluating the effect of early loads on the 28-day compressive strength of concretes with zeolite and limestone powder under different curing conditions (wet or dry). In this regard, two self-compacting concrete mix designs with the same ratio of water to cementations materials and 0.4 percent and 10 percent zeolite have been considered; therefore, concrete cube samples with zeolite and limestone powder in different curing conditions at ages of three, one and seven days under preloading with 80–90 percent of compressive strength are damaged, and after curing in different conditions, their 28-day compressive strength is measured. According to the results, the recovery of the 28-day compressive strength of damaged samples, compared to that of intact samples, is possible in all curing conditions. The experiments that have been performed on concrete samples under dry and wet curing conditions show that the full recovery of compressive strength of damaged samples compared to that of intact ones happened only in preloaded samples at the age of one days, and in other ages (three and seven days) the 28-day strength reduction has occurred in damaged samples compared to the that in intact samples. The results of concrete samples with zeolite and without limestone powder at the age of one day indicate the greatest impact on other samples on the 28-day compressive strength of damaged samples compared to that of intact ones, occurring under dry condition.

This research analyzed and studied the influence under wet and dry curing conditions and the presence of limestone powder and zeolite fillers in recovering of the 28-day compressive strength of preloaded concrete samples at early stages (one, three and seven days) after the construction of the concrete.

With respect to the studies conducted so far and lack of researches on the post-heat behavior of cement mortars containing pozzolanic materials, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the post-heat mechanical characteristics (i.e. compressive, tensile and flexural strength) of cement mortars containing granulated blast-furnace slag (GBFS) and silica fume (SF). In doing so, selected temperatures include 25, 100, 250, 500, 700 and 9000c. Last, the X-ray diffraction test was conducted to study the microstructure of mixtures and subsequently, the results were presented as power-one mathematical relations.

Totally, 378 specimens were built to conduct flexural, compressive and tensile strength tests. Accordingly, these specimens include cubic and prismatic specimens with dimensions of 5 × 5 × 5 cm and 16 × 4 × 4 cm, respectively, to conduct compressive and flexural strength tests together with briquette specimen used for tensile strength test in which cement was replaced by 7, 14 and 21 per cent of SF and GBFS. To study the effect of temperature, the specimens were heated. In this respect, they were heated with a rate of 5°C/min and exposed to temperatures of 25 (ordinary temperature), 100, 250, 500, 700 and 900°C.

On the basis of the results, the most profound effect of using GBFS and SF, respectively, takes place in low (up to 250°C) and high (500°C and greater degrees) temperatures. Quantitatively, the compressive, tensile and flexural strengths were enhanced by 73 and 180 per cent, 45 and 100 per cent, 106 and 112 per cent, respectively, in low and high temperatures. In addition, as the temperature elevates, the particles of specimens containing SF and GBFS shrink less in size compared to the reference specimen.

The specimens were cured according to ASTMC192 after 28 days placement in the water basin. First, in compliance with what has been specified by the mix design, the mortar, including pozzolanic materials and superplasticizer, was prepared and then, the sampling procedure was conducted on cubic specimens with dimension of 5 × 5 × 5 mm for compressive strength test, prismatic specimens with dimensions of 16 × 4 × 4 mm for flexural strength test and last, briquette specimens were provided to conduct tensile strength tests (for each temperature and every test, three specimens were built).

The purpose of this paper is to present the modeling of statistical variation of experimental data using the design of experiments method to optimize the formulation of a high performance concrete (HPC) using materials that are locally available in Algeria. For this, two mineral additions (natural pozzolana and limestone filler [LF]) were used. Both additions are added by substitution of cement up to 25%. To better appreciate the effect of replacing a part of cement by natural pozzolana and LF and to optimize their combined effect on the characteristics of HPC, an effective analytical method is therefore needed to reach the required objective.

The experimental part of the study consisted of substituting a portion of cement by various proportions of these additions to assess their effects on the physico-mechanical characteristics of HPC. A mixture design with three factors and five levels was carried out. The JMP7 software was used to provide mathematical models for the statistical variation of measured values and to perform a statistical analysis. These models made it possible to show the contribution of the three factors and their interactions in the variation of the response.

The mixture design approach made it possible to visualize the influence of LF and pozzolanic filler (PF) on the physico-mechanical characteristics of HPC, the developed models present good correlation coefficients (R² = 0.82) for all studied responses. The obtained results indicated that it is quite possible to substitute a part of cement with LF and PF in the formulation of a HPC. Thanks to the complementary effect between the two additions, the workability could be improved and the strengths drop could be avoided in the short, medium and long term. The optimization of mixture design factors based on the mathematical models was carried out to select the appropriate factors combinations; a good agreement between the experimental results and the predicted results was obtained.

The coefficient of PF in Cs₂₈ model is closer to that of LF than in Cs₇ model, thanks to the complementary effect between LF and PF at the age of 28 days. It was found that the optimal HPC14 concrete (10%LF–5%PF) provides the best compromise between the three responses. It is also worth noting that the use of these two local materials can reduce the manufacturing costs of HPC and reduce carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. This can be an important economic and environmental alternative.

The compressive strength of concrete depends on many interdependent parameters; its exact prediction is not that simple because of complex processes involved in strength development. This study aims to predict the compressive strength of normal concrete and high-performance concrete using four datasets.

In this paper, five established individual Machine Learning (ML) regression models have been compared: Decision Regression Tree, Random Forest Regression, Lasso Regression, Ridge Regression and Multiple-Linear regression. Four datasets were studied, two of which are previous research datasets, and two datasets are from the sophisticated lab using five established individual ML regression models.

The five statistical indicators like coefficient of determination (R²), mean absolute error, root mean squared error, Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency and mean absolute percentage error have been used to compare the performance of the models. The models are further compared using statistical indicators with previous studies. Lastly, to understand the variable effect of the predictor, the sensitivity and parametric analysis were carried out to find the performance of the variable.

The findings of this paper will allow readers to understand the factors involved in identifying the machine learning models and concrete datasets. In so doing, we hope that this research advances the toolset needed to predict compressive strength.

Concrete, the second most used material in the world, surpassed only by water, relies on a vast amount of cement. The process of cement production emits substantial amounts of carbon dioxide (CO₂). Consequently, it is crucial to search for cement alternatives. Geopolymer concrete (GC) uses industrial by-product material instead of traditional cement, which not only reduces CO₂ emissions but also enhances concrete durability. On the other hand, the disposal of concrete waste in the landfills represents a significant environmental challenge, emphasising the urgent need for sustainable solutions. This study aimed to investigate waste concrete's best form and rate as the alternative aggregates in self-compacting and ambient-cured GC to preserve natural resources, reduce construction and demolition waste and decrease pertinent CO₂ emissions. The binding material employed in this research encompasses fly ash, slag, micro fly ash and anhydrous sodium metasilicate as an alkali activator. It also introduces the best treatment method to improve the recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) quality.

A total of25%, 50% and 100% of coarse aggregates are replaced with RCAs to cast self-compacting geopolymer concrete (SCGC) and assess the impact of RCA on the fresh, hardened and water absorption properties of the ambient-cured GC. Geopolymer slurry was used for coating RCAs and the authors examined the effect of one-day and seven-day cured coated RCA. The mechanical properties (compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and modulus of elasticity), rheological properties (slump flow, T500 and J-ring) and total water absorption of RCA-based SCGC were studied. The microstructural and chemical compositions of the concrete mixes were studied by the methods of energy dispersive X-Ray and scanning electron microscopy.

It is evident from the test observations that 100% replacement of natural aggregate with coated RCA using geopolymer slurry containing fly ash, slag, micro fly ash and anhydrous sodium metasilicate cured for one day before mixing enhances the concrete's quality and complies with the flowability requirements. Assessment is based on the fresh and hardened properties of the SCGC with various RCA contents and coating periods. The fresh properties of the mix with a seven-day curing time for coated RCA did not meet the requirements for self-compacting concrete, while this mix demonstrated better compressive strength (31.61 MPa) and modulus of elasticity (15.39 GPa) compared to 29.36 MPa and 9.8 GPa, respectively, for the mix with one-day cured coated RCA. However, incorporating one-day-cured coated RCA in SCGC demonstrated better splitting tensile strength (2.32 MPa) and water absorption (15.16%).

A potential limitation of this study on SCGC with coated RCAs is the focus on the short-term behaviour of this concrete. This limited time frame may not meet the long-term requirements for ensuring the sustained durability of the structures throughout their service life.

This paper highlights the treatment technique of coating RCA with geopolymer slurry for casting SCGC.

In this study, tests were conducted to investigate the effect of different concretes on the behaviour of reinforced concrete beams with central splices. Five beam specimens were prepared using different concrete mixes in their splice regions. Experimental results indicated that the bond failure of the spliced rebars governed the ultimate flexural behaviour of all specimens, except the one cast with steel fibres. A small increase in flexural strength was found for both the spliced beams cast with high‐strength concrete and steel fibres. Moreover, use of high‐strength concrete and steel fibrous concrete led to a remarkable improvement in the beam's displacement capacity. The effect of pulverised fuel ash on the splice performance was insignificant while the introduction of silica fume caused improvements in loading capacity and ductility.

The purpose of this research is to study the physical and mechanical properties beside the durability of concrete as well as corrosion resistance of reinforced concrete by replacing Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with different ratios of silica fume and meta-kaolin and applying two paint formulations to enhance corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. In this work, modified concrete mixes containing pozzolanic materials of industrial wastes such as silica fume (SF) with ratios ranging between (0, 10 and 15%) and calcined raw material such as meta-kaolin (MK) with ratios (0, 3, 5 and 10%), were introduced using water binder ratio (w/b) 0.45 to study their effect on the physico-mechanical properties and durability of concrete as well as corrosion protection performance of reinforced concrete. Two paint formulations containing the same ingredients except that one of them is free from talc (G1) and the other contains talc (G2) were applied on the rebars embedded in these modified mixes. Talc is known to offer high pH to the surrounding media.

Modified concrete mixes containing the coated reinforced concrete steel with the different paint formulations in presence and absence of talc were tested, and the corrosion behavior was studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in 3.5% NaCl, and the concrete mixes were also tested through their compressive strength, chloride permeability, scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive X-ray analysis and bond strength.

The results revealed that the hardened reinforced concrete mix containing 10% SF with 5% MK with embedded rebars coated with G2 (paint containing talc) was the best concrete system which offers concrete sustainability besides high corrosion protection performance, i.e. presence of talc in the paints combined with the effect of cement blended with SF and MK showed positive effect on the reinforced concrete properties that leads to more durability and workability.

The integrity of using two efficient methods of corrosion protection beside the effect of the different replacements in concrete mixes containing coated reinforced concrete steel with paint formulations free from talc (G1) and others containing talc (G2), which lead to fatal changes in the pH of the surrounding media (i.e. concrete which has high alkaline pH) to achieve good concrete properties aside with convenient paint formulations together.

Concrete-filled double skin steel tubes (CFDST) columns are taken more attention due to their ability to withstand high structural loads in structures such as high-rise buildings, bridges' piers, offshore and marine structures. This paper is intended to improve the CFDST column's capacity without the need to increase the column's size to maintain its lightweight by filling it with self-compacted concrete (SCC) containing nanoclay (NC).

First, experimental investigation is conducted to select the optimal NC percentage that improves the mechanical properties. Different mixing method, mixture ingredients, cement content, and NC percentage are considered. Then, slender and short CFDST columns are tested for axial capacity to investigate the effect of adding the optimum NC percentage on column's capacity and failure mode.

The test results show that adding 3% NC by cement weight using dry mixing method to SCC is the optimum ratio. It is concluded that adding 3% NC by cement weight increased the CFDST column's capacity, especially the specimens with higher slenderness ratio. Moreover, it is concluded that more specimens should be tested under various geometric and reinforcement details.

Recently, CFDST tube columns solve many structural and architectural problems that engineers have encountered in traditional systems. Therefore, more studies are required to design high-performance columns capable of carrying complex loads with high efficiency since the traditional design could not achieve the required performance. Since concrete contributes to a large portion in the axial capacity of the CFDST columns, it is proposed to improve the CFDST column's capacity without the need to increase the column's size to maintain its lightweight by filling it with (SCC containing NC. Previous research has affirmed the effectiveness of employing nanoclay in the concrete's workability, durability, microstructures, and mechanical properties.