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The possibility of integrating building information in an augmented reality (AR) environment provides an effective solution to all phases of a building's lifecycle. This paper explores the integration of building information modelling (BIM) and AR to effectively visualise building information models in an AR environment and evaluates the currently available AR tools.

A BIM model of a selected office room was created and superimposed to the actual physical space using two different AR devices and four different AR applications. The superimposing techniques, accuracy and the level of information that can be visualised were then investigated by performing a walk-through analysis.

From the investigation, it can be concluded that model positioning can be inaccurate depending on the superimposing method used and the AR device. Moreover, using the currently available techniques, only static building information can be superimposed and visualised in AR, showing a need to integrate data from Internet of Things (IoT) sensors into the current BIM-AR processes to allow visualisation of accurate and high-quality operational building information.

A practical process and method for visualising and superimposing BIM models in an AR environment have been described. Recommendations to improve superimposing accuracy are provided. The assessment of type, quality and level of detail that can be visualised indicates the areas that need improvement to increase the effectiveness of building information's visualisation in AR.

Evacuation drills should be more realistic and interactive. Focusing on situational and audio-visual realities and scenario-based interactivity, the authors have developed a game-based evacuation drill (GBED) system that presents augmented reality (AR) materials on tablet computers. The paper's current research purpose is to improve visual reality (AR materials) in our GBED system.

The author's approach is to develop a new GBED system that superimposes digital objects [e.g. three-dimensional computer graphics (3DCG) elements] onto real-time vision using a marker-based AR library, a binocular opaque head-mounted display (HMD) and other current easily available technologies.

The findings from a trial experiment are that the new GBED system can improve visual reality and is appropriate for disaster education. However, a few problems remain for practical use.

When using the GBED system, participants (i.e. HMD wearers) can suffer from 3D sickness and have difficulty in moving. These are important safety problems in HMD-based systems.

The combination of AR and HMDs for GBEDs (i.e. integrating virtual and real worlds) will raise questions about its merits (pros and cons).

The originality of the research is the combination of AR and an HMD to a GBED, which has previously been realized primarily as simulation games in virtual worlds. The authors believe that our research has the potential to expand disaster education.

This essay was written as a university assignment for an expert dementia practice module as part of the Masters in Applied Professional Practice. This paper aims to provide a critical discussion of the recognition and management of delirium superimposed on dementia.

The findings of this paper showed that the recognition of delirium superimposed of dementia is not well recognized, but early intervention and management can result in preferential outcomes. This requires the use of appropriate recognition tools and for all health-care staff to have specific training within this area.

Education is imperative to improving delirium recognition.

Education is imperative to improving awareness.

The research implications of this paper demonstrate that appropriate training and education of health-care staff is imperative for the timely recognition of delirium and the improvement of care.

This paper was undertaken as an assignment for the University of Highlands and Islands.

A model for calculating the global overpressure time history of a single cloud detonation from overpressure time history of discrete positions in the range of single cloud detonation is to be proposed and verified. The overpressure distribution produced by multiple cloud detonation and the influence of cloud spacing and fuel mass of every cloud on the overpressure distribution are to be studied.

A calculation method is used to obtain the global overpressure field distribution after single cloud detonation from the overpressure time history of discrete distance to detonation center after single cloud detonation. On this basis, the overpressure distribution produced by multi-cloud under different cloud spacing and different fuel mass conditions is obtained.

The results show that for 150 kg fuel, when the spacing of three clouds is 40 m, 50 m, respectively, the overpressure range of larger than 0.1 MPa is 5496.48 mˆ2 and 6235.2 mˆ2, which is 2.89 times and 3.28 times of that of single cloud detonation. The superposition effect can be ignored when the spacing between the three clouds is greater than 60 m. In the case of fixed cloud spacing, once the overpressure forms continuous effective superposition, the marginal utility of fuel decreases.

A model for calculating the global overpressure time history of a single cloud detonation from overpressure time history of discrete positions in the range of single cloud detonation is proposed and verified. Based on this method, the global overpressure field of single cloud detonation is reconstructed, and the superimposed overpressure distribution characteristics of three cloud detonation are calculated and analyzed.

We deal here with some problems of superimposed random coding that arise when marking codes into the codefield. Our investigations are concerned with a general model. Systems used in practice are special cases of this, and may be deduced from it by making appropriate simplifying assumptions. We give exact formulas for the distribution of the marked sites in a codefield and for the distribution of multiple marking of a site. These results are obtained by applying a general theorem in probability due to K. Jordan. Some acquaintance with superimposed random coding and knowledge of basic combinatorial and probability theory are assumed.

Post-acquisition integration matters for overall M&A outcome. However within this phase researchers have struggled to identify clear links between integration activities and post-acquisition outcome. This may be due to using organisational levels of analysis, where sub-organisational issues serve to confound findings. In order to unpack the post-acquisition phase, and to delve more deeply into organisations, this paper adopts a more granular perspective on integration activities by focusing upon the building blocks of organisations. Specifically we investigate ordinary routine amalgamation and their impact upon meta-routine outcome during acquisition integration. Drawing upon two longitudinal integration cases and using ‘retroductive’ analysis, two types of amalgamation are identified, namely ‘combination’ and ‘superimposition’. We find that, while the basic nature of routines, such as multiplicity and nestedness, inhibit routine amalgamation, external interference in the form of context, structural change or introduction of additional routines is needed to stabilise amalgamated routines. From our findings we are able to suggest a number of testable propositions about the factors that influence the amalgamation of routines. This empirical study contributes to the M&A literature by opening up the ‘black box’ of post-acquisition integration by providing details at a granular level of what actually happens during integrations.

Clinching is, due to its characteristics, a joining method with several advantages. The high joining forces, which require heavy process equipment are a major disadvantage. The Fraunhofer Institute has developed clinching methods which reduce the joining forces considerably to make clinching applicable for further developments and new application areas.

A number of over‐lapping terms have been applied to coding techniques used in association with post‐co‐ordinate indexing. These include subcodes, which can be interpreted as the generic term; superimposed, graphic and random coding and Zatocoding, which are nearly synonymous; and partial or derived coding: the last named may be considered as a bridge between the second group (superimposed, etc.) and direct coding techniques. For the sake of consistency, the terms graphic coding and partial coding will be employed wherever possible. The general principles of coding have been adequately reviewed in C. P. Bourne's Methods of Information Handling and have been subjected to detailed analysis in J. L. Jolley's Data Study. Graphic codes have been studied in considerable depth in the above; therefore, a brief introduction will suffice.

An easy and robust grid‐based approach is proposed to construct the fully hexahedral mesh in three‐dimensional case and its application for the mesh regeneration or remeshing during the finite element simulation of a metal forming process is presented to show the validity and effectiveness of the scheme. The proposed scheme enables the construction of the provisional mesh by superimposing the regular cubical grid over the object to be meshed and removing the exterior grid points and cells. Because the constructed provisional mesh has the discrete rugged boundary that is quite different from the boundary geometry of the object to be meshed, the nodes on the boundary of the provisional mesh are projected onto the object boundary. The main disadvantage of the mesh constructed by grid‐based approaches is its severely distorted elements on the boundary owing to the projection of the rugged boundary onto the object boundary. In order to improve the quality of boundary elements, some layers of elements on the boundary surface are constructed and the nodes are repositioned by mesh smoothing. Consequently, the quality of boundary elements is effectively improved.

A new measuring system for three‐dimensional video recording is described, together with its application and possibilities in investigating dynamic working zones in garment manufacturing processes, employing a kinematic method. A video recording can be processed as a series of static frames or as a dynamic series of recordings, employing a system for video recording and storing the recordings from three planes (ground plane, side view and frontal representation of a workplace). Static zones are created by movements of levels one to four, while dynamic zones are created with the help of the whole body, using movements of levels five and six. Processing is done using a contemporary computerised system, software for processing video recording and software for image processing. The new measuring system presented works together with the measuring system for the processing parameters of garment sewing operations, and enables the investigator to work on movement cyclograms and dynamic workingzones, depending on the processing parameters,operation structure and workplace designing.Results obtained relevant for the investigations in garment engineering processes are described, with the emphasis on work study and workplace designing in the garment industry – the need to measure spatial values (angles, distances, dimensions etc.), temporal values (duration of the movements, movement trajectories, acceleration etc.). The process ofcreating a cyclogram for the graphic presentation of movements is also presented.