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To provide a reinforced concrete model including bonding coupled to a classical continuum damage model of concrete, capable of predicting numerically the crack pattern distribution in a RC structure, subjected to traction forces.

A new coupling between bonding model and an alternative model for concrete cracking is proposed and analyzed. For concrete, proposes a damage‐like material model capable of combining two types of dissipative mechanisms: diffuse volume dissipation and localized surface dissipation.

One of the most important contributions is the capacity of predicting maximal and minimal spacing of macro‐cracks, even if the exact location of cracks remains undetermined. Another contribution is to reiterate on the insufficiency of the local damage model of concrete to handle this class of problems; much in the same manner as for localization problem which accompany strain‐softening behavior.

Bonding becomes very important to evaluate both the integrity and durability of a RC structure, or in particular to a reliable prediction of crack spacing and opening, and it should be integrated in future analysis of RC.

Shows that introduction of the influence of concrete heterogeneities in numerical analysis can directly affect the configuration of the crack pattern distribution. Use of a strong discontinuity approach provides additional cracking information like opening of macro‐cracks.

The continuous development of information technology leads to intelligent education research. In the context of internationalisation, the study aims to understand the relevant research status worldwide, research similarities and differences that need to be discovered, and research frontiers that need to be explored.

Web of Science (WoS) core collection was used as the data source, descriptive statistical analysis, geographic data visualisation and coupling analysis are used to reveal coupling relationships, present a cooperative situation and discover research frontiers.

Intelligent education research has been widely carried out in countries around the world, and there is extensive scientific research cooperation. According to coupling analysis results, the coupling strength of bibliographic between countries has been continuously improved, while the coupling strength of keywords has remained balanced, and there is standardisation and diversity of research.

The weakness of the research lies in the limitations of the data sources. Important research achievements on a certain topic in many non-English speaking countries are usually published in native journals. In the future research direction, more coupling analysis objects can be carried out, such as focussing on authors and institutions.

Through the coupling analysis of country bibliographic and keywords, it reveals the consistency and divergence of intelligent education research between different countries at different time spans.

Design and implement country bibliographic coupling (CBC) and country keyword coupling (CKC) strength indicators to calculate the strength of coupling between countries.

Consider the mutual coupling between loads, the purpose of this paper is to study the total transmission efficiency based on different load coil positions relative to the charging platform, to provide the theoretical basis for the design and parameter optimization of one-to-multiple wireless charging platform.

Based on the dual-load series-resonant wireless power transfer system, the expression of system efficiency and its calculation model is achieved using the equivalent circuit theory. Finally, a 96 kHz magnetic resonance wireless power transmission test platform is built up to verify the theoretical analysis given in this paper.

For the completely resonant circuit, the transmission efficiency can be improved by increasing the transmitter-receiver coupling and reducing the coupling between receivers. The total transmission efficiency achieves its lowest value when two loads are with equal competitive capability.

Through the simulation analysis of efficiency formula, the selection principle of impact factors can be applied to the optimization analysis of the transmission efficiency.

The purpose of this paper is to analyse algorithms for fluid‐structure interaction (FSI) from a purely algorithmic point of view.

First of all a 1D model problem is selected, for which both the fluid and structural behavior are represented through a minimum number of parameters. Different coupling algorithm and time integration schemes are then applied to the simplified model problem and their properties are discussed depending on the values assumed by the parameters. Both exact and approximate time integration schemes are considered in the same framework so to allow an assessment of the different sources of error.

The properties of staggered coupling schemes are confirmed. An insight on the convergence behavior of iterative coupling schemes is provided. A technique to improve such convergence is then discussed.

All the results are proved for a given family of time integration schemes. The technique proposed can be applied to other families of time integration techniques, but some of the analytical results need to be reworked under this assumption.

The problems that are commonly encountered in FSI can be justified by simple arguments. It can also be shown that the limit at which trivial iterative schemes experience convergence difficulties is very close to that at which staggered schemes become unstable.

All the results shown are based on simple mathematics. The problems are presented so to be independent of the particular choice for the solution of the fluid flow.

This paper aims to investigate the response behavior of the surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor under the loading of micro-particles and to evaluate the feasibility of using the SAW sensor to study the micro-contact of the particle–plane interface.

An analytical perturbation theory of the coupled system of particle and SAW is presented. It shows that in the weak-coupling regime, the SAW sensor detects the coupling stiffness rather than the additional mass of the particle at the interface. The frequency perturbation formula expressed in parameters of the geometry and mechanical properties of the contact is further derived. The frequency shift of a 262-MHz Rayleigh-type SAW in the oscillation configuration under the loading of multiple starch particles of different sizes has been measured.

The experiment results of a linear relationship between the frequency increase and the sum of the radius of particles to the power of 2/3 verified the validity of the theory of linking the SAW response to the geometry and mechanical properties of the contact.

The SAW sensor could serve as a new candidate for studying the details of mechanical properties of the micro-contact of the interface.

The objective of the present article is to provide a progress report on, and highlight, some ongoing efforts regarding the available techniques for the direct (i.e. not based on Monte Carlo simulations) prediction of the distribution of the forced response of turbomachinery bladed disks that exhibit small blade‐to‐blade variations in their structural properties (random mistuning). The focus of this effort is on the statistical distributions of the amplitudes of response of a typical blade at a given frequency (level 1), of the maximum responding blade on the disk at a given frequency (level 2), and finally of the maximum responding blade on the disk over a frequency sweep (level 3). When appropriate, emphasis will be placed on the reliability of these techniques as a function of the blade‐to‐blade coupling strength.

The purpose of this paper is to extend statistical energy analysis (SEA)‐like modeling to fluid‐structure coupled systems.

An equivalent approach of aerodynamic loads is applied to a SEA‐like modeling of a panel‐cavity coupled system with rain‐on‐the‐roof excitation. Two aerodynamic excitations are presented: turbulent boundary layer (TBL) and diffuse field excitation. The energetic description of the coupled system is studied with both aerodynamic excitations, taking in account the coincidence effects. In order to extent the approach to more general systems, some parameters of the coupled system are also modified and the accuracy of the coupled system modeling is investigated.

The boundary conditions of the panel and the coupling strength between the panel and the cavity have been modified. As it was expected, the accuracy of equivalent approach is shown to be independent of such modifications. The interest of such calculation is thus highlighted: modelings of systems and aerodynamic excitations are independent, and can be treated separately.

This result is interesting in the space industry, for launch vehicles are excited by different types of random excitations. Those excitations can be modeled by SEA‐like with low calculation time and memory and applied to a unique system modeling.

This paper presents a framework consisting of seven logically linked considerations yielding nine strategies for managing risky situations. The framework provides a comprehensive method any entity can use to determine its strategy for managing a risky situation. The framework goes beyond the issue of calculating risk to asking how it might be managed The framework is applied in an example involving a human resources manager making a series of three related choices. It is also applied to the choices of strategies for a chief financial officer facing currency rate fluctuations and excessive taxes on profit.

This study aims to improve the muscle model control performance of a tendon-driven musculoskeletal system (TDMS) to overcome disadvantages such as multisegmentation and strong coupling. An adaptive network controller (ANC) with a disturbance observer is established to reduce the modeling error of the musculoskeletal model and improve its antidisturbance ability.

In contrast to other control technologies adopted for musculoskeletal humanoids, which use geometric relationships and antagonist inhibition control, this study develops a method comprising of three parts. (1) First, a simplified musculoskeletal model is constructed based on the Taylor expansion, mean value theorem and Lagrange–d’Alembert principle to complete the decoupling of the muscle model. (2) Next, for this simplified musculoskeletal model, an adaptive neuromuscular controller is designed to acquire the muscle-activation signal and realize stable tracking of the endpoint of the muscle-driven robot relative to the desired trajectory in the TDMS. For the ANC, an adaptive neural network controller with a disturbance observer is used to approximate dynamical uncertainties. (3) Using the Lyapunov method, uniform boundedness of the signals in the closed-loop system is proved. In addition, a tracking experiment is performed to validate the effectiveness of the adaptive neuromuscular controller.

The experimental results reveal that compared with other control technologies, the proposed design techniques can effectively improve control accuracy. Moreover, the proposed controller does not require extensive considerations of the geometric and antagonistic inhibition relationships, and it demonstrates anti-interference ability.

Musculoskeletal robots with humanoid structures have attracted considerable attention from numerous researchers owing to their potential to avoid danger for humans and the environment. The controller based on bio-muscle models has shown great performance in coordinating the redundant internal forces of TDMS. Therefore, adaptive controllers with disturbance observers are designed to improve the immunity of the system and thus directly regulate the internal forces between the bio-muscle models.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of turbulence on the stability characteristics of finite hydrodynamic journal bearing lubricated with micropolar fluid.

The non-dimensional transient Reynolds equation has been solved to obtain the non-dimensional pressure field which in turn used to obtain the load carrying capacity of the bearing. The second-order equations of motion applicable for journal bearing system have been solved using fourth-order Runge–Kutta method to obtain the stability characteristics.

It has been observed that turbulence has adverse effect on stability and the whirl ratio at laminar flow condition has the lowest value.

The paper provides the stability characteristics of the finite journal bearing lubricated with micropolar fluid operating in turbulent regime which is very common in practical applications.

Non-linear stability analysis of micropolar fluid lubricated journal bearing operating in turbulent regime has not been reported in literatures so far. This paper is an effort to address the problem of non-linear stability of journal bearings under micropolar lubrication with turbulent effect. The results obtained provide useful information for designing the journal bearing system for high speed applications.