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Book part
Publication date: 3 June 2008

Stochastic models for binary discrete choice under risk: a critical primer and econometric comparison

Nathaniel T. Wilcox

Choice under risk has a large stochastic (unpredictable) component. This chapter examines five stochastic models for binary discrete choice under risk and how they combine…

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Abstract

Choice under risk has a large stochastic (unpredictable) component. This chapter examines five stochastic models for binary discrete choice under risk and how they combine with “structural” theories of choice under risk. Stochastic models are substantive theoretical hypotheses that are frequently testable in and of themselves, and also identifying restrictions for hypothesis tests, estimation and prediction. Econometric comparisons suggest that for the purpose of prediction (as opposed to explanation), choices of stochastic models may be far more consequential than choices of structures such as expected utility or rank-dependent utility.

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Risk Aversion in Experiments
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0193-2306(08)00004-5
ISBN: 978-1-84950-547-5

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Book part
Publication date: 7 December 2001

OPTIMAL ECONOMIC GROWTH UNDER UNCERTAINTY AND COMPLEX DYNAMICS

Sardas M.N. Islam

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Optimal Growth Economics: An Investigation of the Contemporary Issues and the Prospect for Sustainable Growth
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S0573-8555(2001)0000252013
ISBN: 978-0-44450-860-7

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Book part
Publication date: 21 December 2010

Alternative random effects panel gamma SML estimation with heterogeneity in random and one-sided error

Saleem Shaik and Ashok K. Mishra

In this chapter, we utilize the residual concept of productivity measures defined in the context of normal-gamma stochastic frontier production model with heterogeneity to…

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In this chapter, we utilize the residual concept of productivity measures defined in the context of normal-gamma stochastic frontier production model with heterogeneity to differentiate productivity and inefficiency measures. In particular, three alternative two-way random effects panel estimators of normal-gamma stochastic frontier model are proposed using simulated maximum likelihood estimation techniques. For the three alternative panel estimators, we use a generalized least squares procedure involving the estimation of variance components in the first stage and estimated variance–covariance matrix to transform the data. Empirical estimates indicate difference in the parameter coefficients of gamma distribution, production function, and heterogeneity function variables between pooled and the two alternative panel estimators. The difference between pooled and panel model suggests the need to account for spatial, temporal, and within residual variations as in Swamy–Arora estimator, and within residual variation in Amemiya estimator with panel framework. Finally, results from this study indicate that short- and long-run variations in financial exposure (solvency, liquidity, and efficiency) play an important role in explaining the variance of inefficiency and productivity.

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Maximum Simulated Likelihood Methods and Applications
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S0731-9053(2010)0000026013
ISBN: 978-0-85724-150-4

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Article
Publication date: 7 August 2020

Developing a new super-efficiency DEA model in the presence of both zero data and stochastic data: a case study in the Iranian airline industry

Mohammad Tavassoli, Amirali Fathi and Reza Farzipoor Saen

The purpose of this study is to propose a novel super-efficiency DEA model to appraise the relative efficiency of DMUs with zero data and stochastic data. Our model can…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to propose a novel super-efficiency DEA model to appraise the relative efficiency of DMUs with zero data and stochastic data. Our model can work with both variable returns to scale (VRS) and constant returns to scale (CRS).

Design/methodology/approach

This study proposes a new stochastic super-efficiency DEA (SSDEA) model to assess the performance of airlines with stochastic and zero inputs and outputs.

Findings

This paper proposes a new analysis and contribution to the knowledge of efficiency assessment with stochastic super-efficiency DEA model by (1) using input saving and output surplus index for efficient DMUs to get the optimal solution; (2) obtaining efficiency scores from the proposed model that are equivalent to original stochastic super-efficiency model when feasible solutions exist. A case study is given to illustrate the applicability of our proposed model. Also, poor performance reasons are identified to improve the performance of inefficient airlines.

Originality/value

For the first time, a new SSDEA model for ranking DMUs is proposed. The introduced model produces a feasible solution when dealing with zero input or output. This paper applies the input saving and output surplus concept to rectify the infeasibility problem in the stochastic DEA model.

Details

Benchmarking: An International Journal, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-01-2020-0044
ISSN: 1463-5771

Keywords

  • Data envelopment analysis (DEA)
  • Efficiency evaluation
  • Stochastic data
  • Super-efficiency
  • Zero data

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Article
Publication date: 7 October 2019

A stochastic detailed scheduling model for periodic maintenance of military rotorcraft

Nabil M. Semaan and Nabhan Yehia

The purpose of this paper is to develop a stochastic detailed schedule for a preventive/scheduled/periodic maintenance program of a military aircraft, specifically a…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to develop a stochastic detailed schedule for a preventive/scheduled/periodic maintenance program of a military aircraft, specifically a rotorcraft or helicopter.

Design/methodology/approach

The new model, entitled the military “periodic aviation maintenance stochastic schedule” (PAM-SS), develops a stochastic detailed schedule for a PUMA SA 330SM helicopter for the 50-h periodic inspection, using cyclic operation network (CYCLONE) and Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) techniques. The PAM-SS model identifies the different periodic inspection tasks of the maintenance schedule, allocates the resources required for each task, evaluates a stochastic duration of each inspection task, evaluates the probability of occurrence for each breakdown or repair, develops the CYCLONE model of the stochastic schedule and simulates the model using MCS.

Findings

The 50-h maintenance stochastic duration follows a normal probability distribution and has a mean value of 323 min and a standard deviation of 23.7 min. Also, the stochastic maintenance schedule lies between 299 and 306 min for a 99 per cent confidence level. Furthermore, except the pilot and the electrical team (approximately 90 per cent idle), all other teams are around 40 per cent idle. A sensitivity analysis is also performed and yielded that the PAM-SS model is not sensitive to the number of technicians in each team; however, it is highly sensitive to the probability of occurrence of the breakdowns/repairs.

Practical implications

The PAM-SS model is specifically developed for military rotorcrafts, to manage the different resources involved in the detailed planning and scheduling of the periodic/scheduled maintenance, mainly the 50-h inspection. It evaluates the resources utilization (idleness and queue), the stochastic maintenance duration and identifies backlogs and bottlenecks.

Originality/value

The PAM-SS tackles military aircraft planning and scheduling in a stochastic methodology, considering uncertainties in all inspection task durations and breakdown or repair durations. The PAM-SS, although developed for rotorcrafts can be further developed for any other type of military aircraft or any other scheduled maintenance program interval.

Details

Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, vol. 91 no. 9
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/AEAT-09-2018-0254
ISSN: 1748-8842

Keywords

  • Sensitivity analysis
  • CYCLONE
  • Military rotorcraft
  • Monte Carlo simulation
  • Periodic maintenance
  • Stochastic scheduling

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Book part
Publication date: 30 August 2019

A Simple Efficient Moment-based Estimator for the Stochastic Volatility Model

Md. Nazmul Ahsan and Jean-Marie Dufour

Statistical inference (estimation and testing) for the stochastic volatility (SV) model Taylor (1982, 1986) is challenging, especially likelihood-based methods which are…

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Statistical inference (estimation and testing) for the stochastic volatility (SV) model Taylor (1982, 1986) is challenging, especially likelihood-based methods which are difficult to apply due to the presence of latent variables. The existing methods are either computationally costly and/or inefficient. In this paper, we propose computationally simple estimators for the SV model, which are at the same time highly efficient. The proposed class of estimators uses a small number of moment equations derived from an ARMA representation associated with the SV model, along with the possibility of using “winsorization” to improve stability and efficiency. We call these ARMA-SV estimators. Closed-form expressions for ARMA-SV estimators are obtained, and no numerical optimization procedure or choice of initial parameter values is required. The asymptotic distributional theory of the proposed estimators is studied. Due to their computational simplicity, the ARMA-SV estimators allow one to make reliable – even exact – simulation-based inference, through the application of Monte Carlo (MC) test or bootstrap methods. We compare them in a simulation experiment with a wide array of alternative estimation methods, in terms of bias, root mean square error and computation time. In addition to confirming the enormous computational advantage of the proposed estimators, the results show that ARMA-SV estimators match (or exceed) alternative estimators in terms of precision, including the widely used Bayesian estimator. The proposed methods are applied to daily observations on the returns for three major stock prices (Coca-Cola, Walmart, Ford) and the S&P Composite Price Index (2000–2017). The results confirm the presence of stochastic volatility with strong persistence.

Details

Topics in Identification, Limited Dependent Variables, Partial Observability, Experimentation, and Flexible Modeling: Part A
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S0731-90532019000040A008
ISBN: 978-1-78973-241-2

Keywords

  • Stochastic volatility
  • latent variable
  • ARCH
  • generalized method of moments
  • quasi-maximum likelihood
  • Bayesian estimator
  • Markov Chain Monte Carlo
  • asymptotic distribution
  • Monte Carlo test
  • stock returns
  • C11
  • C13
  • C15
  • C22
  • G1

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Article
Publication date: 13 January 2020

Stochastic p-robust DEA efficiency scores approach to banking sector

Rita Shakouri, Maziar Salahi and Sohrab Kordrostami

The purpose of this paper is to present a stochastic p-robust data envelopment analysis (DEA) model for decision-making units (DMUs) efficiency estimation under…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present a stochastic p-robust data envelopment analysis (DEA) model for decision-making units (DMUs) efficiency estimation under uncertainty. The main contribution of this paper consists of the development of a more robust system for the estimation of efficiency in situations of inputs uncertainty. The proposed model is used for the efficiency measurement of a commercial Iranian bank.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper has been arranged to launch along the following steps: the classical Charnes, Cooper, and Rhodes (CCR) DEA model was briefly reviewed. After that, the p-robust DEA model is introduced and then calculated the priority weights of each scenario for CCR DEA output oriented method. To compute the priority weights of criteria in discrete scenarios, the analytical hierarchy analysis process (AHP) is used. To tackle the uncertainty of experts’ opinion, a synthetic technique is applied based on both robust and stochastic optimizations. In the sequel, stochastic p-robust models are proposed for the estimation of efficiency, with particular attention being paid to DEA models.

Findings

The proposed method provides a more encompassing measure of efficiency in the presence of synthetic uncertainty approach. According to the results, the expected score, relative regret score and stochastic P-robust score for DMUs are obtained. The applicability of the extended model is illustrated in the context of the analysis of an Iranian commercial bank performance. Also, it is shown that the stochastic p-robust DEA model is a proper generalization of traditional DEA and gained a desired robustness level. In fact, the maximum possible efficiency score of a DMU with overall permissible uncertainties is obtained, and the minimal amount of uncertainty level under the stochastic p-robustness measure that is required to achieve this efficiency score. Finally, by an example, it is shown that the objective values of the input and output models are not inverse of each other as in classical DEA models.

Originality/value

This research showed that the enormous decrease in maximum possible regret makes only a small addition in the expected efficiency. In other words, improvements in regret can somewhat affect the expected efficiency. The superior issue this kind of modeling is to permit a harmful effect to the objective to better hedge against the uncertain cases that are commonly ignored.

Details

Journal of Modelling in Management, vol. 15 no. 3
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JM2-01-2019-0014
ISSN: 1746-5664

Keywords

  • Decision-making
  • DEA
  • Group decisions
  • P-robustness
  • Uncertainty
  • Relative regret

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Article
Publication date: 3 August 2012

A bibliography of the theory and applications of the Adomian decomposition method, 1961-2011

Randolph Rach

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Kybernetes, vol. 41 no. 7/8
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/k.2012.06741gaa.007
ISSN: 0368-492X

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Article
Publication date: 1 February 2003

A Review of Stochastic Volatility Processes: Properties and Implications

DIMITRIS PSYCHOYIOS, GEORGE SKIADOPOULOS and PANAYOTIS ALEXAKIS

The volatility of a financial asset is an important input for financial decision‐making in the context of asset allocation, option pricing, and risk management. The…

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The volatility of a financial asset is an important input for financial decision‐making in the context of asset allocation, option pricing, and risk management. The authors compare and contrast four approaches to stochastic volatility to determine which is most appropriate to each of these various needs.

Details

The Journal of Risk Finance, vol. 4 no. 3
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/eb022965
ISSN: 1526-5943

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Book part
Publication date: 7 December 2001

COMPUTATIONAL OPTIMAL GROWTH ECONOMICS: THE DYNAMIC OPTIMISATION METHODS

Sardas M.N. Islam

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Optimal Growth Economics: An Investigation of the Contemporary Issues and the Prospect for Sustainable Growth
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S0573-8555(2001)0000252006
ISBN: 978-0-44450-860-7

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