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The purpose of this paper is to estimate the influence of long‐term, whole‐body exposure of rats to strong, static electric field with physical parameters generated nearby high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission lines on the intensity of reactive oxygen species generation analyzed indirectly, basing on the measurement of malone dialdehyde level, as well as on the activity of enzymatic antioxidant defence system.

In rats exposed to static electric field with intensity of 16, 25 and 35 kV/m, respectively, or sham‐exposed eight hours daily for 56 days, in the obtained plasma, erythrocytes lysates and liver homogenates the activity of some antioxidant enzymes as well as the concentration of malone dialdehyde were determined with use of spectrophotometric and kinetic methods.

It was observed that long‐term exposure of rats to static electric field causes only temporary compensatory changes in the concentration of malone dialdehyde and transient changes in the activity of enzymatic antioxidant system, both in blood and in liver tissue in the form of temporary inhibition of activity of most antioxidant enzymes during exposure cycle, with subsequent compensatory increase in this activity after the end of exposure cycle, enabling maintenance of prooxidant‐antioxidant balance in the organism of experimental animals and inhibition of peroxidation process.

Presented data indicate that construction of air HVDC transmission lines, according to actual compulsory regulations, enables serious health hazards related to persistent disturbances of prooxidant‐antioxidant balance to be avoided.

In the experiment it was confirmed, for the first time, that long‐term exposure to strong static electric field causes transient compensatory changes of prooxidant‐antioxidant balance in living organisms.

Gives introductory remarks about chapter 1 of this group of 31 papers, from ISEF 1999 Proceedings, in the methodologies for field analysis, in the electromagnetic community. Observes that computer package implementation theory contributes to clarification. Discusses the areas covered by some of the papers ‐ such as artificial intelligence using fuzzy logic. Includes applications such as permanent magnets and looks at eddy current problems. States the finite element method is currently the most popular method used for field computation. Closes by pointing out the amalgam of topics.

The scope of the work is to provide an hybrid numerical technique for the solution of electric field.

In this paper an integral approach for the solution of static electric field based on a dual discretization (DD) and on a surface method of moment (MoM) is presented. The proposed technique is applied to the solution of 3D electric field problems where different perfectly conducting bodies are placed in a homogeneous and isotropic medium. The approach is also extended to the analysis of static current field. In the presented formulation MoM is applied on a surface domain which is discretized according to a baricentrical dual scheme.

The procedure has been applied to several practical cases and it represents an efficient tool for the evaluation of lumped circuit parameters as capacitances of 3D conducting bodies and ground resistance of grounding systems.

The formulation presented in the paper is limited to the calculus of electric field in homogeneous media. For future development the authors are working in order to include non‐homogeneous media.

The proposed approach aids the designer of electrical systems as large scale grounding systems or integrated circuit connections in the calculations of lumped electrical parameters.

The originality of the paper lies in the coupling of MoM with finite formulation and DD.

The aim of the present work is to find an efficient solution concerning the computational effort of quasi‐static electric field (QSEF) problems involving anisotropic conductivity and permittivity in the frequency domain.

Numerical simulations are carried out with tetrahedral nodal finite elements of first‐ and second‐order and with Withney elements. The solution of the boundary value problem with the aid of the electric scalar potential approximated by nodal finite elements is compared with those by the electric current vector potential represented by edge finite elements.

The simulation with an electric current vector potential approximated by the edge elements of first‐order prevail over that by the electric scalar potential approximated by nodal elements of second‐order concerning the memory requirements and the computation time at comparable accuracy.

The application of edge finite elements to solve QSEF problems considering an anisotropic complex conductivity in 3D.

Electrospinning is a method of the polymer super thin fibres formation by the electrostatic field. The distribution of electrostatic field affects the effectiveness of the electrospinning.

This paper presents various computer models that can improve the electrospinning process. The possibilities of modelling the electrostatic field in the design of electrospinning equipment are presented.

In the research part, the one focussed on finding a cylinder-shaped collector structure to limit the adverse effect of an uneven distribution of the electric field intensity on the collector.

The paper concerns the improvement of the electrospinning process with the use of electrostatic field modelling. In the first part, several possible applications of electrostatic models have been indicated, thanks to which the efficiency of the process has been improved. The original solution of the collector geometry was presented, which according to the authors, in comparison with previous models, gives the most promising results. In this solution, it was possible to obtain an even distribution of the electric field intensity while removing the unfavourable effect of the field strength increase on the outer edges of the collector. The most important aspect in this paper is electric field strength analysis.

The paper addresses various ways of driving a magneto‐quasi‐static coupled field‐circuit problems, starting with the underlying assumptions of this problem class. It focuses on problem consistency, supporting both conceptual understanding, and translation into software.

The paper proceeds from a precisely defined problem class and analyze its consistency with homology theory.

Precise notion of “driving a problem,” extensive discussion of modeling assumptions and decisions, and classification and consistency analysis of various driving methods.

Helps modelers systematically pose consistent coupled field‐circuit problems. The computation of homology groups can be automated to help pose problems and detect consistency problems.

Starting from the basic underlying assumptions, the paper summarizes logically the application of homology to consistency analysis. The style is tutorial for modelers, with numerous particular cases.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate how the new theory on the general systemic yoyos can be plausibly employed to provide novel explanations for some of the well‐known laboratory experiments of physics and how a different theory that is more refined than the currently accepted theories can be established for illustrating phenomena that have not been completely explainable by using the traditional theories.

The general field structures of systemic yoyos, combined with some of the well‐known laboratory observation of physics, are employed as the basic methodology for the current paper.

Owing to the co‐existence of magnetic fields and ring‐shaped negative electric fields, all possible ways for an electromagneton to be fired into a stable, uniform‐intensity magnetic field are investigated. How such an electromagneton could be traveling under the mutual influence of the fields is described with details.

The value of this paper lies on the fact that it points out a brand new and practically applicable theory for looking at some of the well‐recorded phenomena of electromagnetism.

As commercial and military aircraft continue to be subject to direct lightning flashes, there is a great need to characterize correctly the electrical currents and electric potential fluctuations on an aircraft to determine alternative design approaches to minimizing the severity of the lightning-aircraft dynamics. Moreover, with the increased severity of thunderstorms due to global warming, the need arises even more to predict and quantify electrical characteristics of the lightning-aircraft electrodynamics, which is normally not measurable, using a reliable electric model of the aircraft. Such a model is advanced here. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

The case considered in this paper is that of an aircraft directly attached to an earth flash lightning channel. The paper develops a new approach to modelling the aircraft using electric dipoles. The model has the power to represent sharp edges such as wings, tail ends and radome for any aircraft with different dimensions by using a number of different sized dipoles. The distributed transmission line model (TLM) of the lightning return stroke incorporating the distributed aircraft model is used to determine aircraft electrical elements and finally the electric current induced on the aircraft body due to lightning's interaction with the aircraft. The model is validated by the waveform method and experimental results.

The dipole model proposed is a very powerful tool for minute representation of the different shapes of aircraft frame and to determine the best geometrical shape and fuselage material to reduce electric stress. This charge simulation method costs less computer storage and faster computing time.

The paper for the first time presents a computer-based simulation tool that allows scientists and engineers to study the dynamics of voltage and current along the aircraft surface when the aircraft is attached to a cloud to ground lightning channel.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the structure of the fields of the general systemic yoyo model and how these fields interact with each other.

Qualitative analysis and figurative reasoning, combined with calculus‐based methods, are employed to enrich the analysis of how spinning yoyos interact with each other. Known laboratory observations in relevant studies, such as those in electromagnetic theory, are employed as the basis of the investigation, while brand new understandings of these observations are derived.

Some well‐known facts of magnetism are shown to hold true with the general systemic yoyo model.

It is shown that general systems also satisfy such important properties of magnets and electricity as the following: like poles attract and opposite poles repel; field intensities can be superpositioned over each other; systems can potentially become yoyo dipoles when influenced by external systems; etc.

Building on the Rayleigh‐Stevenson approach fictitious internal source distributions responsible for the leading near‐field contribution of the long wavelength scattering by a non‐dissipative dielectric prolate spheroid are derived. The equivalent multiline sources arising from every polarization of the incoming field on the segment between the foci can be regarded as the result of an ultimate contraction of the volume polarization in the spheroid, or plainly as prolonged multipoles. In the low‐frequency asymptotic solution of the first‐order in terms of ω the solutions involve line and strip currents, and biline and quadriline charges, the density distributions of which obey simple polynomial laws. Numerical examples are provided, demonstrating their significance in the calculation of near‐zone fields in comparison with the direct radiation of elementary sets of point sources approximating the multiline distributions. The range of validity of the low‐frequency expansion is estimated by comparing with results obtained using the T‐matrix method.