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Radio broadcasting is a fragmented industry — one in which many of the local stations are small, and stations have little chance to establish a dominant market share. Since there are many such fragmented manufacturing and service industries in the U. S., and competitive tactics to gain market share are not always successful in such industries, we'd like to offer a different strategy: cooperation. We'll illustrate how it's done, using a case history describing the cooperative effort of the New York Market Radio Broadcasters Association (NYMRAD) — the trade association of the New York Metropolitan Area radio stations. Its members worked together to increase the total market through development of unexploited niche groups of advertisers. In less than two years, this plan has added significantly to total New York radio station advertising revenues.

Outlines Japan’s journey to third‐generation mobile (3G). Posits a number of factors have been responsible for driving Japan in the direction of 3G. Examines developments in 3G mobile phones and the situation reached in that country. Sums up that there are a number of lessons to be learned from the Japanese experience, notably on market structure.

Industry standards affect the diffusion and adoption of new technology and the competitiveness of individual players but their development is not under the direct control of individual actors. Examines the role and importance of personal networks in the development of industry standards on the basis of a case study of Ericsson’s involvement in the development of standards for 3G mobile telephony. Notes how relations among parties and many types of forums stemming from previous development and marketing involvement affect the complex set of interactions shape the bottom‐up self‐organizing way in which standards emerge. The case study has implications for our understanding of the way standards develop and for managers attempting to influence the outcomes.

This article examines the dynamics of wireless R&D as a combined function of technology and market evolution, focusing on the management and organization of wireless R&D. From the postwar era to the late 1990s, the management and organization of wireless R&D capabilities has been effectively reversed. Industry thrust has shifted from closed specifications, central innovation and domestic market to open specifications, distributed innovation and global networking. The old era is reflected by the classic Bell Labs; the new era by Nokia. Due to the alternation of sustaining and disruptive change, no wireless company can survive without incessant innovation. In this rivalry, the winners are companies that best match their organizational capabilities with the changing industry opportunities.

The purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between frequency and recall in radio advertising by studying the main features of reach and frequency.

The authors consider the outcome of a frequency model specifically designed for radio campaigns that gives the probability distribution of recall as a function of weekly exposures and GRPs over a dataset of 1,117 radio campaigns broadcast in Spain.

An increase in factors such as advertising format and creativity are more significant to achieve effective recall than increasing the number of advertising exposures.

This study has important managerial implications regarding radio campaigns' planning: (1) Effective frequency is a range between 4 and 17 impressions (being 7 the optimal average). (2) The way to optimize the campaign is by using the following factors: live read format (∆ 4.4%), good creativity (∆ 2.8%), endorsement format (∆ 2%), sponsorship format (∆ 1.8%), increase the length of the spot (∆ 1.5%), place the ad in first (∆ 0.8%) or last (∆ 0.7%) positions in the pod. From the results we conclude that the format is at least as important as the creativity itself.

This study contributes to the effective repetition literature in two ways: giving specific clues to the effective frequency in the radio medium and setting advertising factors that predict the effective frequency in radio.

This paper aims to show the implementation in the terrestrial trunked radio (TETRA)-based sensor network. The publicly available data show that, in Serbia, the annual damage caused by hailstorms in the past seven years has been estimated almost at an average level of 40m of euros. As the amount of hail was not changed, the hail suppression system of the Republic of Serbia has to be improved, both technically and organizationally, to get better efficiency and protection and to reduce the damage.

In this paper, the authors show the implementation and improvements in the modern terrestrial trunked radio (TETRA)-based sensor network, and they propose the scientific use of sensors for remote control of automatic hail suppression rocket stations.

The authors’ idea is that TETRA should be used as an operational and official telecommunicating system for hail suppression activities units. A number of sensors, connected in a network, are used to maintain a high-quality functioning of this digital radio system, managed remotely and controlled either by operators or automatically.

The presented study with a real example attempts to explain as to how the system functions and how it can improve hail suppression activities.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the possibility to replace radio equipment compliance requirements based on equipment parameters with a set of simple metrics that accurately reflects spectrum utilization and spectrum-sharing efficiency.

The approach taken is to go back to the basic factors that determine radio system behavior in a shared spectrum environment: radio frequency power, duty cycle and frequency occupation. By normalizing these parameters, device specificity is avoided and a statistical perspective on spectrum utilization and sharing becomes possible.

The analysis shows that two technology-neutral metrics would be adequate to govern spectrum utilization and sharing: a spectrum utilization metric and a spectrum-sharing efficiency metric. These metrics form the core of regulatory requirements for shared frequency bands. Each shared frequency band could be assigned criteria based on these metrics that take into account the types of applications for which that band will be used.

This work is a first step that identifies the main factors that affect shared spectrum usage from a statistical point of view. More work is needed on the relationship between real-world interference and its abstraction in the spectrum-sharing rules.

The metrics proposed could be considered as the basis for a new approach to the regulation of the license-exempt spectrum, and, by extension, as the basis for generic compliance criteria. Their use would facilitate the compliance assessment of software-defined radio technology.

This work has no direct social implications.

This paper combines new work on spectrum utilization criteria with extensions of previous work on spectrum-sharing efficiency into a comprehensive proposal for a new approach to the regulation of the license-exempt spectrum.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect on time to complete a task depending on how a human operator interacts with a mobile‐robot. Interaction is investigated using two tele‐operated mobile‐robot systems, three different ways of interacting with robots and several different environments. The speed of a tele‐operator in completing progressively more complicated driving tasks is investigated also.

Tele‐operators are timed completing a series of tasks using a joystick to control a mobile‐robot. They either watch the robot while operating it, or sit at a computer and view scenes remotely on a screen. Cameras are either mounted on the robot, or so that they view both the environment and robot. Tele‐operators complete tests both with and without sensors. One robot system uses an umbilical cable and one uses a radio link.

In simple environments, a tele‐operator may perform better without a sensor system to assist them but in more complicated environments then a tele‐operator may perform better with a sensor system to assist. Tele‐operators may also tend to perform better with a radio link than with an umbilical connection. Tele‐operators sometimes perform better with a camera mounted on the robot compared with pre‐mounted cameras observing the environment (but that depends on tasks being performed).

Tele‐operated systems rely heavily on visual feedback and experienced operators. This paper investigates how to make tasks easier.

The paper suggests that the amount of sensor support should be varied depending on circumstances.

Results show that human tele‐operators perform better without the assistance of a sensor systems in simple environments.

The Shun Electronics KL Radio division wants to expand its three departmental cost centers to eight, each with its own overhead cost allocation rate. As a result, it appears that the total costs for four of its six radios will increase, while two will decrease. The case puts students in the role of having to (a) understand why such a result would occur; (b) explain the specific changes made in the cost allocation system; and (c) evaluate whether the changes are an improvement.