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The purpose of this paper is to explore the effectiveness of the use of spiritual intelligence into women academic leadership practices. The study designed to provide a clear understanding of the effectiveness of the use of spiritual intelligence practices within women academic leadership practices. In addition, the study will be an ideal for women in academic environment, considering that more women will have the opportunities to hold leadership positions in higher learning institutions. Understanding the unique skills and attributes of spiritual intelligence could increase their confidence towards taking on leadership positions in future. This study will also provide greater clarification on how spiritual intelligence when translated through leadership practice will contribute to a more balanced and harmonious working environment.

The study assimilated a qualitative approach guided by phenomenological inquiry to explore the effectiveness of the use of spiritual intelligence practices among the women leaders. Phenomenology best fit the researchers’ assumptions that it is possible to know, define and categorize women academic leader’s experiences in a more structured manner. It is by entering into their field of perception that the researcher pursues to understand spiritual intelligence as the leaders saw it.

The finding established three main effectiveness of integrating spiritual intelligence into leadership practices: employees inspired by vision; increase credibility and long-term sustainability of institution; and heightened moral values and reduces ethical issues. The authors conclude that bringing the attributions of spiritual intelligence will transform the workplace into a more meaningful and purposeful atmosphere by constructing balanced and harmonious relationship within employees.

The study rely profoundly on women academic leaders as a primary source of data. Due to their higher position, there may be some elements of their works which are similar to each other or different compared with other women leaders who may not have reached the higher position. The responses was mainly based on the self-perception of women academic leaders grounded on their insight of leadership and experience. This experiences probably could not be verified by others to see if their perceptions of leadership were in line with how others perceive them. The study also limited in terms of generalizability as the sample was purposively selected.

The study will be applicable for human resource personnel to develop policies and procedures that are needed to improve the holistic strategies of leading not only in public university but also throughout all the other higher educational institutions. The study assist researcher and the practitioner in the Human Resource Development (HRD) field to understand the issues related to leadership practice in current era. Hence, the information in this study could be used to aid them in advocating employee training programs and formulating HRD intervention remedial programs input for designing and facilitating of intervention for professional academic leaders, academicians and change agent to understand and analyse the characteristics of personal and organizational situation in order to contribute to the long run survival of the higher educational learning institutions.

This paper has provided unique evidence of women leadership particularly in Malaysian higher educational context on their experiences of spiritual intelligence and its effectiveness into their leadership practices.

The aim of this study is to develop a spiritual intelligence scale from an Islamic perspective. In addition, this research explores the relationship of spiritual intelligence from an Islamic perspective with emotional intelligence among the students of higher learning institutions in Malaysia.

Data were collected from 250 students from different higher learning institutions in Malaysia.

The findings of the study show the relationships of spiritual intelligence from an Islamic perspective and emotional intelligence. Statistically significant relationships were found between four dimensions of spiritual intelligence from an Islamic perspective (e.g. transcendental awareness, meaning of life, patience and forgiveness) and emotional intelligence.

The contribution of human intelligence in the development higher learning institution is remarkable. Most research found on spiritual intelligence is from traditional and Western perspective with very limited studies found from an Islamic perspective. The purpose of the current study is to construct a spiritual intelligence from an Islamic perspective and empirically validate the items. The study also looks for relationships of spiritual intelligence from an Islamic perspective and emotional intelligence among the students of higher learning institutions.

Practitioners and management researchers have chorused the salvific tendencies of spiritual intelligence. Whilst the emergence of spirituality and its derivatives in the workplace is widely acclaimed, the conflict that exists between spiritual ideals and the capitalist ethos of modern organisations raises questions about dark manifestations. This incongruence necessitates the consideration of the misuse of spiritual intelligence.

This paper adopts conceptual lens and theoretical arguments to interrogate the assumption of absolute constructiveness that is accorded spiritual intelligence in its framing and discusses the potential of a dark side.

The dark side of spiritual intelligence is its deployment to achieve self-serving purposes, to harm, rather than to help others. More practitioners and management researchers must acknowledge that spiritual intelligence and workplace spirituality may have dark manifestations and incorporate this reality in the assessment of organisations and the individuals within them.

This exploratory article joins the sparse extant literature on the dark side of spiritual intelligence and workplace spirituality. It contributes to the literature by offering critical insights into spiritual intelligence and the need to integrate the potential for misuse in the existing models.

The purpose of this paper is to make a case for linking spiritual intelligence to the Indian university curriculum for creating sustainable leaders and change agents. The growing emphasis on higher education sustainability involves taking a step back from the daily rigors of academic life and giving a thought to the unique approaches to promote sustainability. Though there are several initiatives for making the environment in the campus sustainable – switching off lights/fans, reducing consumption, etc., there are very few initiatives promoting the transformation of the individual. This paper defines a new conceptual framework linking spiritual intelligence to leadership and sustainability of the higher education system.

This present study is analytical and comprises secondary data which are collected from research papers, books, periodicals and journals. Using keywords search in the Scopus database, a list of papers was arrived at, analyzed and distilled to arrive at select journals. These journals were cross-reference to the SCimago’s journal portal ranking and established journal selected. Papers based on these established journals were taken for systematic review and synthesis of literature. Literature studies for bibliometric analysis work were also conducted using the using tools like “VOSviewer” for precisely arriving at current and future areas of research.

There were three main findings: defined a new conceptual model/framework of practical spiritual intelligence in the higher education system; defined the key shared language of spiritual intelligence in a higher education system; and defined the key attributes of practical spiritual leadership and sustainability.

This research is based on developing a conceptual model of interaction between spiritual intelligence and spiritual leadership in a higher education university environment that can give us a new insight into the manifestation of practical spirituality in universities. The extent of research work, both conceptual as well as empirical, as evidenced, does indicate the growing and sustained interest in the subject of spirituality and spiritual intelligence, but there is limited research in the area of leadership development and sustainability in the higher education system.

The purpose of the current study is to examine the effects of spiritual and emotional intelligences of managers in manufacturing industries on the ambiguous activities of tax avoidance and corporate disclosure quality.

Managers of 178 manufacturing companies have undergone a test regarding spiritual intelligence and emotional intelligence, of which 119 responded to the online questionnaire. Information on these two psychometric items was collected through King–Baron standard questionnaire, and quantitative data on tax avoidance, disclosure quality and performance were collected through the Rahavard Novin application, financial statements and Stock Exchange website. Obtained data were analyzed using factor analysis and structural equation modeling.

The results show that a relationship exists between the level of intellectual skills of managers (spiritual intelligence and emotional intelligence) and tax avoidance activities.

The current study is almost the first study in developing countries which focuses on the subject of the study.

This paper aims to explore the unavoidable role of Islamic spiritual intelligence in organisational sustainability. In the past two decades, increased unethical practices in organisations have resulted in the deterioration of their sustainability. Employees are continuously involved in unethical practices because of a lack of spirituality which is a serious concern for organisational sustainability.

This conceptual paper reviews relevant literature on Islamic spiritual intelligence and organisational sustainability to bridge a gap in the extant literature.

The review of the literature concluded that Islamic spiritual intelligence training must be included as a significant factor for employee development in the organisation. Islamic spiritual intelligence is coherent with the individual’s internal strength of having a pure heart and soul. A person with a pure heart and soul has a strong aspiration to act in an ethical way.

The review of literature is not detailed because of the dearth of information on Islamic spiritual intelligence training for organisational sustainability.

This paper will increase the understanding and link between Islamic spiritual intelligence and organisational sustainability. It suggests Islamic spiritual intelligence and its dimensions with the implication for future research in organisational sustainability.

This paper contributes to the literature related to the application of Islamic spiritual intelligence training programmes for employees, which will have a significant impact on organisational sustainability.

Higher education institutions aim for the holistic development of students to cope with the changing global context. The present study aims to devise a model of leadership development among higher education students by validating the model conceptually and testing it empirically. Attributes of Spiritual Intelligence (SI) are empirically evaluated for leadership development post its conceptual validation.

This article examined current theoretical frameworks and gaps in the literature. A total of 810 students were approached from Indian Higher education institutions for study. Data has been examined using the exploratory and then confirmatory factor analysis techniques to check the validity and reliability of the measuring instrument.

The empirical findings confirm that the eight new spiritual intelligence attributes defined and validated through this study can have a significant impact on the leadership development of higher education students.

Educational researchers have often found the construct of spiritual intelligence challenging to comprehend and implement in higher education institutions. The present study findings can be of great value to higher education institutions that will recognize the importance of spiritual values in holistic development including leadership development.

This paper initiates and validate a universal set of attributes of spiritual intelligence in the higher education domain that can be useful for leadership development. The uniqueness of this paper lies in the fact that the eight new attributes of SI defined are easy to comprehend and practical to use in daily academic life, and can be used by HEIs students irrespective of their spiritual beliefs. A validated model at one university could be replicated at other universities in India and around the world, not only for students but also for educators and administrators as well.

This study aims to synthesize the rich knowledge on spiritual intelligence (SI) research within the framework of human resource development (HRD) research.

Based on the search of multiple electronic databases authors conducted thematic review of the literature on SI and HRD. Themes associated with SI and HRD are extracted while employing the content analysis technique.

Five major themes emerged through the process of content analysis on the body of the reviewed literature. The themes which described the presence of SI-related research within the field of HRD, included: Conceptual connections between SI and HRD; SI Holistic Mechanism; SI and Leadership development, SI measurement tools and, finally, the impact of SI on sustainability.

The inclusion and exclusion criteria are that the search for this review has been limited to peer-reviewed journals that are published SI-related articles. This paper excluded all articles on SI that `do not explicitly discuss the valuable role of human resources. The key words used are spiritual intelligence (SI) and HRD.

This paper offered new-fangled value and insightful understanding on SI and its implications for other areas, more specifically HRD. It suggests that SI is an important component for organizational development. Such interventions nurture the human resources that can lead to better performance as a whole.

As corporate life is influenced by various things, there is no justifiable reason to believe that the spiritual power (capacity) should not be one of them. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to argue that workers need to develop another core competency, knowledge and skill, that is, spiritual intelligence (SI).

This paper draws on a literature review to support its conclusions. In this sense, this paper carefully examines relevant popular and academic books, handbooks, articles, papers, thesis and doctoral dissertations related to SI. In addition, this paper depicts a conceptual model of SI that is made up of some research propositions, namely, professional moral courage, altruism, hope state, optimism, cooperative capacity, organizational justice mindset and listening skill.

Overall, the literature review suggests that without such a capacity, we would be enjoying merely impoverished lives (here referred to as the outcome of a set of harmful aspects such as an existence without spiritual compass, meaning, worthy purposes and desire to face the shadows of our own personality).

This paper proposes that SI is the path to reach and develop our own spirituality. When this ability is triggered, we are potentially able to make some important contributions to the people that live around and rely on us.

This paper argues that SI can be regarded as a human capacity that connects us with the ultimate frontier, that is, the spiritual realm. As such, it is proposed that it can be cultivated over time in a careful and disciplined way by anyone that is really interested in developing his or her spirituality.

This paper aims to present the findings of the research about the role of different intelligences in overcoming the differences in employee value system as a source of success.

Based on their previous research, the authors used desk and informal field research, the Dialectical Systems Theory and its Law of Requisite Holism.

The integration of one’s personal development with one’s individual intelligence influences human value systems. Knowledge and developing of various types of intelligence matter: it lets individuals develop faster, in the long run. The higher one’s level of intelligence is, the easier one finds it to face problems or experience. Thus, one is becoming a mature personality, who can overcome extreme alternatives to the briefed human values. This process can also receive meaningful support from the exercise of social responsibility, which is one’s responsibility for one’s impacts on society, i.e. people and nature. Success of the process depends on “personal requisite holism”. The top managers need significantly more emotional and social competences than the others.

The topic is researched with qualitative analysis in desk and informal field research. Quantitative methodological approach took place in the authors’ cited previous publications.

Work distribution makes the leaders and subordinates differ in prevailing values, too. Mastering of these differences will support business success, survival of jobs included and well-being of coworkers from both groups. Application of the cognitive, emotional and spiritual intelligences might help the organization meet this need. The fourth – physical intelligence – supports ensuring the psychological well-being at work; from this, other mentioned intelligences have been developed. Mastering of these differences can also receive support from methods of creative cooperation, social responsibility and personal requisite holism; the authors have reported about these elsewhere, and only point to these in this study.

The more holistic intelligences system generates a more socially responsible society.

No similar concept is offered in the available literature.