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Handbook of Transport Geography and Spatial Systems
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-615-83253-8

Book part
Publication date: 17 October 2022

Craig Morton

This chapter provides a reflective commentary on how the transition to electric vehicles (EVs) may alter how society uses cars through an inspection of evidence from the studies

Abstract

This chapter provides a reflective commentary on how the transition to electric vehicles (EVs) may alter how society uses cars through an inspection of evidence from the studies which have examined the impact of EV adoption on trip patterns. A framework for evaluating trip patterns is applied which considers how the adoption of an EV could generate impacts for the spatial distribution of car trips, when these trips occur, the journey purpose these trips serve, and the driving style in which the trips are conducted. It is identified that the principal issue which is likely to motivate alterations in trip patterns following a transition to EVs is the technical and regulatory differences which distinguish them from conventional vehicles. Spatial trip patterns could become anchored to the burgeoning chargepoint infrastructures, with network coverage having implications for where EVs will be seen. Changing seasons could reduce the range of the battery packs, limiting the useability of EVs in winter months. Low operating costs of EVs may encourage their use for short distance trips due to a feeling of guilt-free travel. Eco-driving functions of EVs could promote sustainable driving practices by gamifying energy efficiency though the introduction of targets, medals, and leader boards. It is concluded that the exact manner in which trip patterns will be altered by the transition to EVs is difficult to predict with clarity, with many alternative futures being conceivable. In part, the impact on trip patterns will be contingent on whether or not EVs start to look and feel like conventional cars as the technology matures.

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Electrifying Mobility: Realising a Sustainable Future for the Car
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83982-634-4

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Abstract

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Handbook of Microsimulation Modelling
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78350-570-8

Abstract

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Handbook of Transport Geography and Spatial Systems
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-615-83253-8

Book part
Publication date: 29 January 2013

Pablo Beltrán, Antonio Gschwender, Marcela Munizaga, Meisy Ortega and Carolina Palma

Purpose — The introduction of new technology to public transport systems has provided an excellent opportunity for passive data collection. In this paper, we explore the…

Abstract

Purpose — The introduction of new technology to public transport systems has provided an excellent opportunity for passive data collection. In this paper, we explore the possibility of automatically generating level of service indicators that could be used for operation planning and monitoring of Transantiago, the public transport system of Santiago, Chile.

Design/methodology/approach — After basic processing of the raw automatic vehicle location (AVL) and automatic fare collection (AFC) data, we were able to generate bus speed indicators, travel time measurements and waiting time estimates using data from 1week. The results were compared with manual measures when available.

Findings — The advantage is that these measurements and estimates are reliable because they are obtained from large samples and at nearly no cost. Moreover, they can be applied to any set of data with a selected periodicity.

Research limitations — The scope of this research is limited to what can be observed with AVL and AFC data. Additional information is required to incorporate other dimensions, such as personal characteristics and/or more detail in the origin/destination (OD) of the trips.

Practical implications — Nevertheless, these results are valuable for the planning and operation management of public transport systems because they provide large amounts of information that is difficult and expensive to obtain from direct measurements.

Originality/value — This paper proposes tools to obtain valuable information at a low cost. These tools can be implemented in many cities that have certain technological devices incorporated into their public transport systems.

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Transport Survey Methods
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78-190288-2

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 2 August 2011

Edoardo Croci, Sabrina Melandri and Tania Molteni

Urban areas are responsible for significant amounts of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, but cities can have quite different values of carbon footprints. The purpose of this paper…

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Abstract

Purpose

Urban areas are responsible for significant amounts of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, but cities can have quite different values of carbon footprints. The purpose of this paper is to identify the determinants of urban GHG emissions in order to explain these differences.

Design/methodology/approach

Seven global cities – Bangkok, Chicago, London, Madrid, Mexico City, Milan and New York City – have been included in the paper's sample. These cases have been chosen in order to represent a variety of characteristics and contexts of developed and developing countries and according to data availability. A first level of analysis regards local GHG emission inventories, which attribute emissions to activity sectors. Sectorial emissions are then evaluated to quantify the relevance of several determinants: climate conditions, urban form, economic activities in place, state of technology, mobility and housing infrastructures and costs, and income and life style.

Findings

Determinants show different weights in influencing behaviours at city level, and ultimately depend on economic, technical, social and cultural factors. Beside a significant role of climate conditions, urban density appears as the main determinant in shaping residential emissions from direct fuel consumption, whereas, for electricity, consumption patterns and technological features of power generation play a major role. For ground transport, urban form affecting mobility patterns and technological features of the vehicle stock stand out as the most significant determinants.

Originality/value

The paper provides a deep insight into urban GHG emission values, making use of a comprehensive set of urban data and highlighting several areas which could possibly be targeted in cities' GHG reduction policies. An enhanced and widened set of data could improve the paper's results in a significant way.

Details

International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management, vol. 3 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1756-8692

Keywords

Book part
Publication date: 8 May 2003

Alan Nicholson and Erica Dalziell

Risk evaluation and management methods are used to assess the reliability of a New Zealand inter-urban road network, which is subject to closures due to snow and ice, earthquakes…

Abstract

Risk evaluation and management methods are used to assess the reliability of a New Zealand inter-urban road network, which is subject to closures due to snow and ice, earthquakes, volcanic activity and road accidents. Using the probabilities and consequences of closures of various durations, the expected annual costs of closures are determined for each hazard. The benefit-cost ratios for various risk mitigation options are also identified. The importance of considering both the probabilities and consequences of closures is discussed.

It is found that a ‘high-frequency, low-consequence’ hazard (snow and ice) has the highest expected annual cost, and higher than for the ‘low-frequency, high-consequence’ hazards (earthquakes and volcanic activity). It is also found that not allowing for elasticity in the demand for travel (e.g. trips being cancelled or postponed because of road closures) leads to inaccurate estimates of the costs of closure.

It is concluded that it is important to allow for the behavioural responses of network users when estimating the costs of closures, and that more attention should be given to ‘high-frequency, low-consequence’ hazards, in order to maximise the economic benefits of expenditure on risk mitigation.

Details

The Network Reliability of Transport
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-0-08-044109-2

Content available
Book part
Publication date: 17 October 2022

Abstract

Details

Electrifying Mobility: Realising a Sustainable Future for the Car
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83982-634-4

Abstract

Details

Acceptability of Transport Pricing Strategies
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-0-08-044199-3

Book part
Publication date: 8 May 2003

Alan Nicholson, Jan-Dirk Schmöcker, Michael G H Bell and Yasunori Iida

The objective of this paper is to give an overview of various reliability concepts that have been developed in the last decades. The paper first summarises various indicators that…

Abstract

The objective of this paper is to give an overview of various reliability concepts that have been developed in the last decades. The paper first summarises various indicators that have been developed in order to measure the reliability of a network and then looks at techniques to calculate these indicators. The usefulness and limitations of the different indicators is discussed. The paper suggests that there is no single perfect indicator but that the choice of indicator and technique depends on several factors, including the viewpoint of the analyst and the type and range of interventions being considered. In order to assess the impact of incidents the authors propose to distinguish between three types of intervention, namely “benevolent”, “neutral” or random, and “malevolent”. Also discussed is why the provision of up-to-date information to the traveller has a central role to play when trying to minimise the impact of an incident.

Details

The Network Reliability of Transport
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-0-08-044109-2

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