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The purpose of this paper is to propose drivers that may impact the development of solo tourism in the near future.

This paper identifies and briefly examines four key factors that, it is suggested, will be significant in solo tourism in the near future.

It is proposed that future solo tourism will be increasingly fragmented based on the desires, living circumstances and motivations of the individual. A key element will be the level of solitude or controlled or uncontrolled companionship that the individual desires. Three possible personas of the future solo tourist are highlighted.

Solo tourism is currently underresearched, and this paper provides a starting point in looking specifically at the varying motivations and behaviours of the solo tourist.

People continue to become more liberated and individualised day by day. They look for ways to somehow get out of any situation that restricts them, tend to get rid of their typical holiday patterns and travel alone, without being stuck within anyone else's borders, precisely as they want. In addition, people can travel alone to discover themselves, meet different cultures, relieve stress and learn new skills. Women travel alone more than men, although they face more difficulties than men. The experiences of women solo travellers suggest that this form of travel can provide a meaningful foundation for advancing gender equality. By challenging gender roles and expectations, empowering women to assert their autonomy and agency and creating opportunities for community-building and solidarity, solo travel can help to transform social norms and promote gender equity.

This chapter aims to build a body of knowledge that will have a widespread impact based on available data on the relationship of women solo travellers to gender equality. It also examines the effects of women solo travellers on gender equality based on secondary data sources. This chapter, designed as conceptual research with descriptive analysis and document analysis, is important in revealing what the indirect gains of women solo travellers can be for gender equality, the fifth of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Sustainable Development Goals.

This paper aims to characterize the profile of non-resident female tourists visiting Porto and North of Portugal (PNP) and highlights the importance and evolution of the women travel market and its segmentation.

This paper presents and discusses trends and segmentation in women travel market and the results of a survey on the profile of international female tourists to PNP.

This study identifies the key differences of male and female travelers to PNP and confirms that segments that have been highlighted as emerging markets in the literature such as businesswomen, solo travelling and girlfriend getaway are all present in this market. It also presents and discusses the profile of female tourists to PNP.

This study provides knowledge about the women travel market to PNP, thus enabling decision makers to better tailor their marketing strategies to this segment.

This paper seeks to illustrate the importance of the female travel market and characterize the profile of non-resident women tourists visiting PNP.

This study aims to unpack the notion of travelling mobilities from the perspectives of an Asian solo traveller using the context of the 2019 Rugby World Cup in Japan.

An autoethnography was used for this research, analysing reflective notes drafted on hand-written journals over the duration of six days over three host cities of the sporting event.

Asian solo men appear to be treated very differently from their Western counterparts and solo female tourists. In addition, engaging with a sport that is highly Western-centric exposes the liminal spaces of in-between. Being of Asian appearance and conversant in Japanese further blurred the travelling mobilities of being an unlikely sports fan, an impromptu translator, a presumed local resident and an unconventional wanderer.

These limitations notwithstanding, the research has contributed to the paucity of knowledge surrounding Asian solo male tourists and some aspects of their corresponding travelling mobilities. Such nuanced understanding then inform tourism and hospitality knowledge and practice of offering relevant experiences to such a market.

This chapter assesses the portrayal in the online English media of mainland China tourist behavior. Social representation theory is used to classify and interpret the major themes being portrayed in recent online reports. The analysis suggested two emancipated representations, one which incorporated both “ugly” behavior and positive issues, while the second view highlighted the undesirable behaviors due to cultural clashes. Two minority representations also existed. The first offered a warm welcome toward the more sophisticated and well-educated market and the other stressed the potential damage to China’s national reputation of their unfavorable behavior. Implications and directions for future research and viewing outbound tourists are offered.

This study aims to understand how female executive travellers should be characterized by inter-winning socio-economic segmentation and leisure travel motivation.

This study identifies push factors as a motivation for leisure travel among female executives in India. Quantitative research methodology was applied based on 892 online responses to a questionnaire. Principal component analysis was applied to identify the underlying dimensions of push motivational items.

The findings disclose five-factor dimensions of self-esteem; knowledge- and novelty-seeking; stimulus; escape; and self-recognition. Among the five identified dimensions, stimulus was the most important factor for motivating female executives to travel for leisure, followed by knowledge and novelty-seeking.

This study was conducted on 1,100 female executive travellers, meaning the results are only valid for this cultural context. All data was collected through a referral chain network survey among female executives via Google survey forms. While segmenting types of travellers amongst females, usage of push motivation framework as a variable remains pervasive in tourism research.

Although literature on female travel motivation is abundant, however, to the authors’ knowledge, empirical studies that focus on female executives leisure travel motivations are still rare. These findings are, therefore, valuable for illuminating tourism stakeholders to cater this potential segment more customisedly.

Solo travelling has been one of the rising types of travelling, especially after the pandemic. This study is focused on solo female travellers and aims to present a comprehensive literature review on solo travelling. For this aim, a detailed literature review is performed. The significance of this study lies in the recent developments in countries like Iran regarding women's rights, and it needs to be understood that women are powerful, and they can prove that by travelling solo. This study is aimed to contribute to women's empowerment because it is important to set various examples and pave the way for the next generations towards a more free, enlightened, conscious and modern future. As a segment, solo female travellers need to be characterised in terms of their demographics and motivations for solo travelling, and destinations should take precautions for their safety and security to be represented and promoted as a safe and modern location where the freedom of each individual is secured.

COVID-19 was the most catastrophic pandemic in modern history. It has a massive impact on people's lives and a variety of sectors. One of the most impacted sectors is the travel and tourism industry. The tourism business was the first to be severely impacted by the epidemic, which had a wide range of effects on other parts of society. As a result, studying tourists' behavior as a core aspect of this industry and predicting their travel pattern variation after the COVID-19 outbreak has become a critical concern. To understand the damaging effects of this global calamity on tourism, this book chapter focuses on the concerns and perspectives of multiple stakeholders. It conducts a thematic analysis to investigate travelers' perceptions and travel issues after the COVID-19 pandemic.