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The purpose of this paper is to explore the link between social entrepreneurship and sustainable tourism and to examine the Canadian context in this regard.

The methodology entails a case study approach that includes a thorough review of the related literature and of any existing Canadian sources of hospitality and tourism social entrepreneurship/intrapreneurship projects to determine the state of the Canadian industry with respect to sustainability.

Findings show that there are limited showcased hospitality and tourism social entrepreneurship projects in Canada. Two main assumptions related to the Canadian context can be drawn from this search: (1) There is a lack of hospitality and tourism social entrepreneurship projects and/or, (2) hospitality and tourism social entrepreneurship projects and/or businesses are not recognized and/or there is a lack of awareness of them.

This study assessed the situation in Canada and although it was comprehensive under conditions of limited data availability, it cannot speak to social entrepreneurship in sustainable hospitality and tourism globally, which is a future research opportunity.

The design of a national incentive program would encourage industry sustainability through tax breaks. This voluntary system would require that firms provide standardized annual reports with their tax filings so that reliable industry data could be collected for analysis and understanding of the sustainability of the industry. Participating firms would be distinguished on a public list.

This research has theorized on the connection of social entrepreneurship to sustainable hospitality and tourism such that social entrepreneurship drives sustainable industry growth. This is also the first study of its kind to explore social entrepreneurship’s potential contribution to the sustainability of this industry.

The exploration of performance determinants in social enterprises has gained increasing relevance among researchers and practitioners, particularly in rural tourism. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the contributions of transformational leadership and social entrepreneurship to the performance of social enterprises in the context of rural tourism. Further, the mediating roles of social capital, creativity and social value were investigated.

Data were gathered through a survey of 168 employees of social enterprises operating in the rural tourism setting. Eight surveyors were sent out to conduct the survey. Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling (SEM) using AMOS 18.0.

The results of the SEM suggested that transformational leadership is positively associated with social value, social capital and performance of social enterprise. In addition, social entrepreneurship had a significant influence on social value, social capital and performance of social enterprise. Creativity and social value predicts the performance of social enterprise. Further, social capital was found to have a positive relationship with creativity. Finally, the mediating roles of social capital, creativity and social value were also confirmed. The findings thus highlight the power of the social value creation and social capital in the social enterprises operating in the rural destinations.

The findings assert that social entrepreneurship and transformational leadership are key sources of social value creation, social capital and creativity in rural tourism context indicating the need for additional efforts on this kind of entrepreneurial activity. The findings can motivate policymakers to promote social entrepreneurship in rural tourism destinations as a means of stimulating bottom-up social capital and social value creation.

This study is among the first to examine the hypothesized relationships focusing on tourism social enterprises.

External institutional policy and its impact on corporate social responsibility (CSR) have been widely discussed by researchers, but its effect still remains controversial. This study aims to use the minimum wage policy as an illustrative example to analyze its impact on the corporate social responsibility (CSR) of tourist enterprises. Furthermore, the research seeks to examine the boundary conditions that influence the minimum wage’s effect on CSR.

This paper takes the data of 42 listed tourism companies from 2010 to 2020 in China as samples and uses the mixed OLS regression method and the fixed effects panel model to examine the effect of the minimum wage on CSR.

Findings show that increasing wages has a significantly negative impact on their total CSR investment. Also, low-operating-capacity enterprises and private enterprises will react more adversely when faced with increasing minimum wages. And found that the increase of minimum wage has no significant negative impact on the strategic social responsibility of tourism enterprises; however, it has a significantly negative impact on their tactical social responsibility. In addition, as far as employees’ rights and interests are concerned, the minimum wage increase has effectively increased employee salaries, but the nonsalary benefits of the employees have significantly decreased.

The contribution of this paper not only expands the research on the antecedents and boundary mechanisms of CSR but also clarifies the specific effect of the rise of the minimum wage on corporate social responsibility; it further deepens the impact of institutional policy factors on CSR, which also opens new perspectives for policy evaluation and provides a theoretical basis for government policymakers.

Although the generation of social value is the focus of social entrepreneurship, little research attention is paid on how social value and transformation can be created. By adopting a market approach, this study aims to develop a framework showing how social enterprises in tourism/hospitality can generate social value and transformation.

A thorough literature review revealed that a market approach is an appropriate lens for understanding social entrepreneurship. Consequently, a framework based on “learning with the market” is proposed as a useful tool for identifying, managing and also creating (new) opportunities for social ventures. The justification and the theoretical underpinnings of the market-based framework are further supported by discussing various other theories and concepts.

The framework identifies three capabilities that social entrepreneurs need to develop for generating social value and transformation: network structure, market practices and market pictures. Several examples from tourism and hospitality social enterprises are analyzed for showing the applicability and usefulness of the framework.

The paper proposes a conceptual framework as well as several research directions for further testing, refining and expanding it.

By applying the framework on several tourism and hospitality social enterprises, the paper provides practical implications about the capabilities that social enterprises should develop for engaging with other market actors to identify and exploit (new) market opportunities for social value co-creation, and influence market plasticity for forming new markets and driving social change.

The suggested framework identifies the capabilities and the ways in which (tourism/hospitality) social enterprises can engage with and form markets for co-creating social value and escalating their social impacts through social transformation.

The paper provides a new marketing approach (that overcomes the limitations of traditional economic theories) for understanding how social enterprises can shape, manage and engage with social markets for generating social value.

This study aims to examine the development of a social enterprise in China’s tourism industry by analyzing the coevolution of the social entrepreneur and the social system.

Purposeful sampling was used to select 1kg.org as a single-case study. Semistructured in-depth interviews of three informants were conducted to obtain organization-specific insights. Interview data were analyzed following structuration theory. Secondary data and interviews of other social entrepreneurs and experts were used to support the findings. Research findings were validated using triangulation and member-checking methods.

Because of the institutional environment, most nonprofit organizations in China do not have resource independence and clear legal identity. Meanwhile, social enterprise has emerged as a new organizational form with the objective of creating social value through profitable business operations.

Social enterprise is still in its infancy in China, particularly in the tourism field. This study reveals an innovative and sustainable model for nonprofit organizations in China facing institutional challenges and competitive funding environments. It provides recommendations to policymakers for improving mechanisms to increase social services through social enterprises.

This study proposes a new conceptual framework for studying social entrepreneurship by adapting structuration theory to address contemporary social and business issues.

As an important emerging topic in recent years, reviews on tourism and hospitality social entrepreneurship (THSE) by theme remain limited. This paper aims to map the current publication trends, reveal the formation path and identify the future research directions of THSE, providing comprehensive and in-depth insight.

This study presents a systematic review of 89 articles on THSE published in the Web of Science, ScienceDirect and EBSCOhost. It follows grounded theory to classify literature and an expert feedback process to ensure validity.

Research on THSE is mainly found in developing countries and regions. Qualitative methods have been the most popular for researchers. This paper classifies THSE research into four main themes: antecedents, processes, effects and challenges.

This review suggests that social enterprise managers should consider the inclusive business model and adopt empowerment, network construction, market approaches and bricolage to mobilize resources. Policymakers should disseminate relevant laws and regulations to provide a flexible and equal environment. Education and capacity building for people should be strengthened to train future social entrepreneurs.

This review provides an integrated process model by clustering articles to update the holistic picture of THSE. This work identifies research gaps that future research should address.

In recent years, the number of small independent tourism social enterprises has soared globally due to the rise of the Internet and tourists’ search for unique local experiences. These organizations are driven by a social purpose and have emerged as a reaction to conventional tourism development. They adopt a social justice approach with the aim to enhance community well-being. Importantly, they now exist as an accompaniment to the experiences provided by mainstream tourism that may not adequately satisfy the tourists’ quests for local, authentic, and high involvement experiences. This chapter reviews this independent operator context in Mauritius and examines the factors which contribute to meaningful local experiences.

This paper aims to investigate the moderating effects of residents’ demographic attributes on the relationship between perceptions of hotels’ social responsibility (HSR) practices and overall attitude toward tourism.

Perceptions of HSR were examined via social, economic and environmental dimensions. The research model was investigated with structural equation modeling and multigroup analyses.

The findings show that residents’ perceptions of HSR had a positive impact on their attitude toward tourism and that their demographic attributes had a moderating effect on this relationship.

Although there have been many papers on stakeholders’ returns to corporate social responsibility practices implemented by hotels, residents’ returns to these practices are insufficiently investigated. Moreover, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is no research on the moderating effect of residents’ demographic attributes on the relationship between perceived social responsibility and overall attitude toward tourism.

本研究考察了居民的人口学特征在其对酒店社会责任实践的感知和对旅游整体态度之间关系的调节效应。

从经济、社会和环境几个维度考察了居民对酒店社会责任的感知。通过结构方程模型和多组分析检验了提出的模型。

结果显示居民对于酒店社会责任的感知对他们对旅游的态度有正向影响, 人口学因素对二者的关系有调节作用。

尽管很多研究考察了利益相关者对酒店企业社会责任实践的反应, 但较少研究关注居民对酒店社会责任实践的感知。而且, 就我们所知, 之前并未有研究考察居民的人口学特征在其对酒店社会责任实践的感知和对旅游整体态度之间关系的调节效应。

Este estudio investiga los efectos moderadores de los atributos demográficos de los residentes acerca de la relación entre las percepciones de las prácticas de responsabilidad social (HSR) de los hoteles y la actitud general hacia el turismo.

se examinaron las percepciones de HSR a través de dimensiones económicas, sociales y ambientales. El modelo propuesto se llevó acabo con modelos de ecuaciones estructurales y análisis multigrupo.

los hallazgos muestran que las percepciones de los HSR de los residentes tuvieron un impacto positivo en su actitud hacia el turismo y que sus atributos demográficos tuvieron un efecto moderador en esta relación.

aunque ha habido muchas investigaciones sobre los retornos de las partes interesadas a las prácticas de responsabilidad social corporativa implementadas por los hoteles, los retornos de los residentes a estas prácticas no se investigan suficientemente. Además, aún no hay investigaciones sobre el efecto moderador de los atributos demográficos de los residentes sobre la relación entre la responsabilidad social percibida y la actitud general hacia el turismo.

The aim of this chapter is to present social entrepreneurship as the main driver of poverty alleviation in emerging economies. The concept is aimed at providing innovative solutions to unresolved social problems; a transformative and sustainable, innovative market solutions towards addressing societal problems.

Literature review was conducted on conceptual issues relating to boost entrepreneurship and economic development within the context of emerging economies and its connection to tourism.

This chapter identifies opportunities to resolve social unjust equilibrium by developing a value chain proposition and bringing creativity to forge a stable equilibrium in the market place. The rationale behind lies in a solution to alleviate poverty by creating an environment that encourages job creation. Social entrepreneurship is not a science as such but a multi-disciplinary that intends to equip people with business competencies and skills.

This chapter is explorative in nature, based on a literature review.

Social entrepreneurship is a practical response to unmet societal needs with a globalised business environment. It values corporations and introduces the concept of social entrepreneurship. The chapter also suggests a linkage between various research fields, such as entrepreneurship, corporate entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship.

The chapter analyses frameworks and models, as well as the disruptions driven by the fourth industrial revolution, evolving challenges and opportunities in the fields of business and employment.

Tamil Nadu, the southern provincial state of India attracts the highest number of domestic as well as international tourist to India. Chennai, the capital city of Tamil Nadu is the much sought-after destination for tourists and attracts a large number of visitors. Considering the transformational role of tourism with its focus on community-in-need, tourism can usher opportunities for both not-for-profit and for-profit social entrepreneurship (SE). At this juncture, the number of poor people in the city is relevant, which is almost 40% of the population seeking livelihood opportunities. SE operating for-profit model is often construed sustainable and appropriate in the context of tourism. Considering the relevance of such innovative actional approaches, this study aims to explore the potential of for-profit SE in the the city of Chennai.

The study adopted the exploratory sequential method. The social drivers and challenges of SE in Chennai were explored through expert in-depth interview and the dimensions of challenges were explored through factor analysis.

The study result indicates that the social drivers of SE in tourism can be broadly classified into concurrent social drivers and latent social drivers, which encompass the potential for social bricoleur, social constructionist and social engineer typologies. There are five dimensions for the challenges for institutionalizing tourism-based SE in the city of Chennai i.e. community concerned, industry specific, sustainability centric, governance oriented and collaboration centered. The study concluded with future directions for the institutionalizing SE, creating social value and fostering community-level transformation in tune with sustainable development goals (SDGs) in tourist destinations of the city of Chennai.

The study considered existing wage employees of various vendors in tourist destinations of the city with an assumption that these wage employees are interested in entrepreneurship possibility.

SE assumes relevance in the context of inclusive tourism and toward the attainment of SDGs through tourism, as an economic activity. The outcome of the study can be a catalyst to stimulate alternative business models for local development; persuading existing business enterprises to follow more responsible business practices in city destinations, thus promoting more pragmatic socio-economic outcomes to the underprivileged, through tourism.

Social drivers and challenges are unique in the context of tourism especially in the Indian context as there was no such attempt to consolidate these aspects as a move toward inclusive tourism by strengthening the grass-root level participation.