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Smartphones have influenced tourists’ information search behaviors and trip experiences in various ways. Operationalized in the air travel context, this study aims to apply the technology acceptance model (TAM) to unveil the causal relationships and potential compatibility or consistency between smartphone apps and travelers’ prior experiences, perceived technological congruence and technology value, attitudes toward price change and usage intentions.

Research data were collected via an online survey administered by a survey sampling company. The online questionnaire queries respondents’ frequency of downloading smartphone apps, familiarity with travel-related mobile apps, frequency of travel experiences, perceived technological congruence of the app and travel needs, attitudes toward price change, intention to purchase the mobile app and demographic information.

Results from structural equation modeling analysis indicate that travelers’ smartphone usage experiences significantly influence their perception of the device’s technological value in relation to travel needs and therefore results in positive attitudes toward price of the new mobile app and intention to use it. Prior trip experience, however, was not found to be an influential determinant in consumers’ smartphone acceptability, which departs from the existing literature.

This study provides evidence for the need to include perceived technological congruence in the construct of travelers’ TAM. It highlights the influence of the technology congruence variable and the compatibility of apps and travel needs in the literature.

智能手机对游客信息搜索行为和旅行体验有着很多影响。本论文针对航空旅行体验, 旨在通过科技接受模型TAM来检验智能手机APP和游客之前经历、感知科技一致性、科技价值、对价格变化的态度、以及使用倾向的关系。

采样数据通过专业问卷取样公司来做在线问卷调查。问卷主要测量受访者通过智能手机下载APP的频率、对旅游APP的熟悉度、旅游频率、APP和旅游需求的感知科技一致性、对态度变化的态度、购买APP的意向、以及统计人口数据。

本论文采用结构方程模型来分析数据, 结果表明, 游客智能手机使用体验对其旅游需求科技一致性有显著影响, 因此, 其对新APP态度和使用意图有积极影响。然而, 之前的旅行经历对消费者智能手机接受度并没有显著影响, 这与现有文献的研究结果有区别。

本论文研究了在游客科技接受模型TAM下的感知科技一致性, 其突出了科技一致性因素和APP与旅游需求协调性的重要性。

、航空旅行、智能手机, 关键词：、科技接受模型tam 、科技一致性

This study aims to test the effect of system quality, information quality and service quality on user engagement and its effect on smartphone travel apps’ satisfaction, love and behavioral intentions.

Using the self-selection sampling technique, data was collected from 417 respondents recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk. Data was subjected to partial least squares based structural equation modeling.

Results indicate that system quality, information quality and service quality have a significantly positive impact on user engagement with smartphone travel apps. Moreover, user engagement has a positive and significant impact on smartphone app satisfaction, smartphone app love and behavioral intentions.

This is the first study to integrate DeLone and McLean (2003) updated information system success model and stimulus-organism-response model to propose a holistic model of user’s engagement with smartphone travel apps.

本论文旨在检测智能手机旅游app的系统质量、信息质量、和服务质量对于用户参与度的作用, 以及其对app满意度、喜爱、和行为意愿的作用。

本论文采用自选取样技术, 通过Amazon Mechanical Turk共搜集417分问卷。本论文采用PLS-SEM分析数据。

研究结果表明, 系统质量、信息质量、和服务质量对智能手机旅游app的用户参与度起到显著的积极作用。此外, 用户参与度对智能手机app的满意度、喜爱、以及行为意图起到显著的积极作用。

本论文是首篇结合Delone和McLean(2003)改良版IS Success 模型和Stimulus-Organism模型, 以建立针对智能手机旅游app用户参与度的综合类模型。

This study aims to identify factors affecting tourists’ intention of using travel apps installed in their smartphones.

A questionnaire was developed largely based on the available scales in the published literature. A total of 389 participants responded to the survey, out of which 343 valid responses were obtained for statistical analysis.

Significant predictors of smartphone app usage intention included performance expectancy, social influence, price saving, perceived risk, perceived trust and prior usage habits. Usage behavior was largely mediated by usage intention, except in the case of habits. Contrary to the expectation, factors such as hedonistic motivation, facilitating conditions or effort expectancy did not impact usage intention or behavior.

The study gives app developers vital cues on tourist expectations from the apps. Oftentimes, developers tend to focus entirely on the material utility of their apps, neglecting every other factor influencing use. One particular implication is that despite tourism being a hedonistic activity, travel app usage behavior is not a hedonistic activity.

This is one of the few studies to examine adoption of smartphone travel apps in an emerging economy context by using extended unified theory of acceptance and use of technology framework with additional constructs.

本研究旨在于鉴定游客安装旅游手机APP的影响因素。

本论文采用问卷形式进行采样。在389人的样本中，本研究共获得343有效数据以用于数据分析。

经本研究鉴定，影响游客安装手机旅游APP的因素包括：性能预期、社会影响力、节约成本、感知风险、使用习惯。其中，使用动机为影响因素（使用习惯除外）是作用于使用行为的中间变量。与原本研究预期相左，诸如享乐主义的动机、便利条件、以及努力期望等因素对使用动机和使用行为并没有显著作用。

本研究结果对于APP开发商将如何达到游客期望有着至关重要的启迪。开发商往往会专注于APP的物理性能方面的开发，忽视了其他影响APP使用的因素作用。本论文其中一个重要的实际应用价值在于，虽然旅游业是享乐主义的活动，旅游APP的使用行为却大相径庭。

本研究是少数几篇以新型经济体为背景，采用延伸整合型科技接受模式(UTAUT2)为理论框架，研究旅游APP使用情况的论文。

The purpose of this study was to investigate relationships among the experiential value of hotel apps, the cognitive and affective evaluation of hotel apps users, hotel apps users’ satisfaction and their endorsement for the hotel apps. Specifically, this study examined the relationships that enhance hotel guests’ experiences through hotel apps.

The measurement items were developed through extensive literature review. This study used a web-based survey to test an integrated model of the experiential value. With a total of 320 usable samples, partial least squares structural equation modeling was carried out to identify key “driver” constructs and validate the proposed model.

A significant relationship was found in the playfulness of hotel apps and hotel guests’ cognitive and affective evaluations of the hotel apps, which positively influence hotel guests’ satisfaction and their endorsement for the hotel apps. Hotel apps should create fun and entertainment features in the hotel apps so that the users of hotel apps can be enjoyable during their usage. In addition, providing hotel apps users with time saving and easy use of the hotel apps can affect their satisfaction and endorsement for the hotel apps.

This study confirmed the positive links among hotel apps users’ experiential value, their cognitive and affective evaluation of the hotel apps, their satisfaction of using the hotel apps and their endorsement for the hotel apps. This study also revealed that hotel apps can be hotels’ effective communication tool that enhances existing and potential customers’ overall experiences.

项关于体验价值的综合模型

摘要

本论文旨在研究关于酒店APP体验价值, 对酒店APP用户的认知和情感评估, 用户满意度以及用户支持之间的关系。具体而言, 本研究探索了如何通过酒店手机APP使用来提高用户体验的理论关系。

测量条目通过详尽的文献综述来产生。本研究运用了网络调研来测量体验价值的一项综合模型。由320项有效样本, 偏最小二乘法结构方程建模（PLS-SEM）来鉴定关键“驱动”构象以及验证提出的模型。

研究发现酒店APP的娱乐性对顾客的APP的认知和情感评估都起到了显著性作用, 进而对顾客满意度和酒店APP支持度产生正面影响。研究建议酒店APP创造有趣以及娱乐产品功能, 从而让酒店APP用户从使用中获得乐趣。此外, 为酒店APP用户提供省时方便的服务可以影响用户满意度和对酒店APP的支持。

本研究验证了酒店APP用户体验价值, 对酒店APP的认知和情感评估, 用户对使用酒店APP的满意程度, 以及对酒店APP支持的正相关性。本研究进而发现酒店APP可以作为提升酒店现有和未来用户全面体验的有效工具.

With the diffusion of innovation theory (DOI) and theory of planned behaviour (TPB) as the guiding theoretical perspectives, this research aims to identify the factors motivating user attitudes and in-app purchase intentions (IAPIs). The moderating impact of user inertia towards TPB constructs was also explored.

A total of 500 responses were received via an online survey fielded from July to October 2021. The data were then analysed using partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM).

The results indicated that attitudes towards travel app shopping were predominantly determined by perceived relative advantages, compatibility and complexity. Findings also suggested that IAPIs are positively influenced by attitudes, communicability and perceived behavioural control and are moderated by user inertia.

A holistic framework integrating theoretical foundations from two disciplines (information systems and psychology) was designed to explain factors motivating user intentions to purchase travel products and services from apps. This research found a missing link in previous studies by showing the indirect role of attitudes that bridges the DOI and TPB and the importance of inertia as a key boundary condition.

智能手机上的旅游应用程序购物：了解影响旅游应用程序内购买意愿的成功因素

摘要

本研究以创新扩散理论 (DOI) 和计划行为理论 (TPB) 作为指导性的理论视角, 确定了激发用户态度和旅游应用程序内购买意愿的因素。还探讨了用户惯性对 TPB 结构的调节影响。

在 2021 年 7 月至 2021 年 10 月进行了在线调查, 共收到 500 份回复。然后使用偏最小二乘结构方程建模对数据进行分析。

结果表明, 对使用旅游应用程序购物的态度主要由感受到的相对优势、兼容性和复杂性决定的。研究结果还表明, 旅游应用程序内购买意愿受到态度、可传播性和感知行为控制的积极影响, 并受到用户惯性的调节。

一个整合了来自两个学科（信息系统和心理学）的理论基础的整体框架旨在解释激发用户从应用程序购买旅游产品和服务的意愿因素。这项研究通过展示态度在DOI 和 TPB之间的间接作用以及惯性作为重要的边界条件, 发现了先前研究中缺失的环节。

Compras de aplicaciones de viajes en los móviles: Comprendiendo los factores de éxito que influyen en las intenciones de compra de las aplicaciones de viaje

Resumen

Con la teoría de la difusión de la innovación (DOI) y la teoría del comportamiento planificado (TPB) como perspectivas teóricas de análisis, esta investigación identifica los factores que motivan las actitudes de los usuarios y las intenciones de compra dentro de las aplicaciones. También se exploró el impacto moderador de la inercia del usuario hacia las construcciones TPB.

Se recibieron un total de 500 respuestas a través de una encuesta en línea realizada entre julio y octubre de 2021. Los datos se analizaron utilizando el modelo de ecuaciones estructurales de mínimos cuadrados parciales.

Los resultados indicaron que las actitudes hacia la compra de aplicaciones de viajes estaban determinadas predominantemente por las ventajas relativas percibidas, la compatibilidad y la complejidad. Mientras, los hallazgos también sugirieron que las intenciones de compra en la aplicación están influenciadas positivamente por las actitudes, la comunicabilidad y el control del comportamiento percibido, y son moderadas por la inercia del usuario.

Se diseñó un marco holístico que integra los fundamentos teóricos de dos disciplinas (sistemas de información y psicología) para explicar los factores que motivan las intenciones de los usuarios a la hora de comprar en las aplicaciones móviles productos y servicios turísticos. Esta investigación encontró un gap en estudios previos al mostrar el papel indirecto de las actitudes que unen a la teoría de la difusión de la innovación (DOI) y la teoría del comportamiento planificado (TPB), y la importancia de la inercia como una condición límite clave.

Travelers are increasingly planning trips using smart travel planning apps to manage travel-related activities. They obtain their preferred tour itineraries with the use of these apps and subsequently choose their tour destinations. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of smart tour itineraries on travelers and explain what drives the continual use of them.

Drawing on the unified theory of acceptance and the use of technology model and experiential consumption (UTAUT), the authors conducted this study in Malaysia with a sample of 307 travelers who are familiar with the use of mobile apps.

The results confirmed that all the UTAUT dimensions except the facilitating condition are significantly related to the intention to use the itinerary. Both the hedonic and utilitarian values in personal consumption significantly motivate the travelers in the behavioral intention to use the itinerary.

This paper offers a good explanation of how the itinerary plans can be used by examining the theories behind the current app’s usage. Many researchers have examined the adoption of the smart travel apps, which has rarely been tied to the antecedents that drive how the travelers use itineraries that are designed by the smart travel apps. This study contributes to the research regarding using the mobile travel apps by developing an integrative model to explain the traveler intentions to use smart travel itineraries.

游客越来越多地使用智慧旅游计划App来管理他们的旅游相关活动。他们通过这样的App获得行程从而选择他们旅游目的地。因此, 本论文旨在研究智慧旅游行程对游客的影响, 并探究哪些因素驱使他们继续使用智慧旅游行程。

本论文采用UTAUT模型, 在马拉西亚取样, 共搜集到307位熟悉移动App的游客数据。

研究论文结果肯定了UTAUT各项因素除了辅助条件, 其他因素都显著与使用智慧行程息息相关。享乐型价值和实用型价值都对游客个人使用行为有着显著效果。

本论文通过检验App使用理论解释了行程计划如何被使用。许多研究学者已经检验了智慧旅游App的使用, 但是很少真正与游客如何使用App生成行程的驱动因素相结合。本论文对理论有贡献, 通过开发整合模型以解释游客使用智慧旅游行程的行为。

The main objectives of this study are to (1) explore underlying components and attributes of travel applications that influence traveler usage intention and (2) investigate which contents should be prioritized to increase the efficiency of travel apps.

This study uses importance–performance map analysis (IPMA) with an innovative approach (i.e. generalized structured component analysis [GSCA]) to identify components and attributes that have relatively high and low significance for the target construct (i.e. travel app's usage intention).

An integrated model influenced by three components (i.e. entertainment, travel review and medical and emergency information is proposed to have an impact on travelers' intention to use travel apps). The IPMA results indicate that restaurant and shopping receive the utmost emphasis from Thai domestic tourists who use travel apps, and sports and attraction are regarded as less critical attributes.

The app content scales identified in this study can be used as a basic framework for app developers, service providers and tourism authorities to design a travel app. The IPMA results also help concerned practitioners to make decisions on which contents/attributes should be incorporated and improved.

This study implements IPMA using a GSCA estimator to present the standard results reporting on the path coefficients of each of the attributes of travel app services. The results not only contribute to the improvement of app features and services, but also suggest an innovative approach for generating pertinent IPMA results with GSCA, thus contributing to the theoretical and methodological advancement in hospitality and tourism areas.

Digitalization had a relevant impact on the cultural tourism sector, both demand and supply. If, on the one hand, advances in digital technologies provided tourists with new mobile services able to amplify the cultural experience, on the other hand, they catalyzed the development of new business models by digital enterprises. This paper has a twofold purpose: to detect business models and key characteristics of mobile apps for cultural tourism and to analyze the offering of app-based services in this sector.

The authors defined a methodology to identify, characterize and analyze a particular category of digital products for cultural tourism: app-based services. They are studied in terms of value creation, proposition and capture with the aim to identify the distinctive features of business models. As a result, the authors identified a classification framework on three main dimensions, namely “how to exploit mobile app features to create value for cultural tourists” (value creation), “which valuable services are delivered to cultural tourists” (value proposition) and “how companies are rewarded for the value they offered” (value capture). The authors apply the framework to perform a situation analysis of app-based services in the cultural tourism market.

The analysis highlights that digital enterprises offering app-based services do not fully exploit advances in technologies about users' value requirements. Hence, the results of our work suggest some directions that digital enterprises may follow to better exploit mobile app technology.

To date, little research has been devoted to investigating cultural tourism business models involving the exploitation of mobile app-based services. This research provides a useful framework to analyze fundamental aspects of business models in this sector. Such a framework represents a practical tool that provides fruitful insights for the design of a new generation of app-based services within the so-called “Internet of things” domain.

This study aims to apply the stimulus-organism-response framework to uncover the underlying mechanism by which the perceived helpfulness of online customer reviews (OCRs) drives behavioural intentions in mobile travel app commerce. Also, the current study explores how vendor-driven perceived usefulness of a product and its attributes influence the mediated relationship between perceived helpfulness of OCRs (OCRs helpfulness) and behavioural intentions.

The online survey (n = 151) was used to collect the data. The authors used structural equation modelling and the bias-corrected bootstrap method to test the proposed conceptual model for mediation and moderated-mediation effect.

Findings indicate that the perceived OCRs helpfulness has an indirect positive effect, via trust and attitude, on travel app downloading intention. Moreover, results suggest that the presence of vendor cues (vendor-generated informational content about a travel app) does not significantly moderate the mediating effect of perceived OCRs helpfulness on travel app downloading intention.

The present study reinforces the applicability of the warranting principle in the context of travel app commerce by exploring the relative effectiveness of customer-generated and vendor-generated informational content in influencing travel app downloading intention.

本研究旨在应用SOR框架来解释在线评论的有效性影响在旅行APP行为意向的潜在机理。此外，本研究探索了供应商驱动的对产品的认知有效性和商品属性来影响认知有效性和行为意向的中介关系。

本研究运用网络调研 （n=151）来收集数据。本论文运用结构方程建模和偏差纠正辅助程序来测试提出的理论模型和调节式中介作用。

研究结果显示在线评论的有效性通过信任度和态度对旅行APP的下载使用意向具有间接正相关的作用。此外，结果显示当供应商信息（供应商制定的有关旅行APP的信息内容）并不能有效调节网络顾客评论对下载意向的中介作用。

本研究加强了担保原则在旅行APP贸易背景下的适用性，探索了顾客驱动和供应商驱动的信息内容对旅行APP下载意向影响的相对有效性。

This study’s purpose is to analyze the international mobile marketing (IMK) in order to stage the importance of this tool in the internationalization of companies. Our understanding of mobile marketing is constantly evolving, due to its high business penetration in a world globalized by technologies.

A review of the relevant literature on IMK, companies and customers is undertaken to understand the link between them. The paper begins by explaining the coronavirus disease 2019 is accelerating the change of the rules of the game in traditional and online commerce around the world. Furthermore, this study uses secondary data from organisation for economic co-operation and development (OECD), Sensor Tower, mobile marketing association (MMA), App Annie, among others, to support research results.

The results have shown that IMK has opened a melting pot of opportunities for companies and consumers in this period of pandemic; the potential of this tool is being redefined, in order to identify, anticipate and satisfy customers requirement profitably and efficiently. This study aims to provide an assessment of new concept of IMK and how this tool has to be integrated into the firm’s digital marketing strategies.

The study contributes to make better future decisions in the international digital expansion of companies by company executives and marketing experts. This paper provides a comprehensive framework intended to guide research efforts focusing on digital marketing as well as to aid practitioners in their quest to achieve IMK success.