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This paper aims to discuss a framework for analysing the learning and transfer of conflict handling skills via leadership development programmes. The framework links the role of knowledge in skill acquisition to the process of learning transfer to suggest how different methodologies may influence learning outcomes.

In order to explore the veracity of the framework, content analysis was conducted on 22 UK leadership development programmes. In addition, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 18 managers acting in leadership roles and ten leadership development providers.

Results confirmed the model to be tenable insofar as providers reportedly utilised both design paths represented in the framework and as managers used the approaches in handling business conflicts.

The framework remains to be tested longitudinally with a large sample of managers and providers. Given the lack of empirical work to support an expressed link between design and outcome to maximise effect, a mixed methodology examining both approach and rationale would be essential.

It is suggested that clients question the training provider about the philosophy underlying skills learning and transfer. Due consideration should also be given to the circumstances under which learning transfer may be optimised.

It is proposed that the framework may offer clients an evaluation tool in respect of particular methodologies or course designs and that this may help to maximise the chances of focused learning and subsequent skills transfer.

The purpose of this paper is to understand MBA skill transfer, employability and how work-integrated learning (WIL) can help in ensuring the availability of employable managers after the completion of MBA. India faces a major crisis in terms of finding employable workforce despite its huge population. The paper explores the question of employability. It focuses on how WIL can be used to facilitate transfer of skills, which ultimately leads to a more employable workforce.

Existing research was studied to establish linkages between WIL and skill transfer. The existing skill gaps in MBA education, which lead to unemployable business graduates, were also revealed.

The literature studied suggests that there is a positive impact of obtaining an MBA degree on the employability of business graduates. However, there is no concrete evidence to show that the impact is big enough to cover the cost and time spent on pursuing the degree. The paper also reveals the various types of WIL modules being followed by some universities to improve skill transfer and to ensure that graduates are work-ready.

Though the question of employability poses a serious threat to the Indian education as well as the industry, little has been done to assess the ways in which the graduates can be made employable. WIL is also being practiced in a very narrow sense and only by institutes of repute. WIL is being practiced in certain countries and the Indian business schools can use these programmes as a guide.

The paper studies the question of employability from the point of view of the Indian economy and educational institutions. It draws from the experiences of other countries in trying to include WIL into the degree programme to facilitate skill transfer.

Two attitudinal (training value and training motivation) and two organizational (opportunity to transfer and transfer reward) factors were proposed to affect the transfer of MBA knowledge to the job and were tested using multiple regression analysis. The results indicated that only training value was significantly related to transfer outcome. In other words, the greater the perception of training value, the more would be the training applications. Other factors were shown to have little impact. It might be due to the fact that testing of the transfer of MBA knowledge required a longitudinal approach that should incorporate the identification of what MBA knowledge was to be transferred. Future studies were also suggested to include other individual, attitudinal, and environmental factors to study their effects on training transfer.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the direct and indirect influences of workplace environment factors on the motivation to transfer the acquired training (MT) and the transfer of training. The workplace environment factors under study encompass the organizational support, supervisor support, peer support, technological support and the opportunity to use the acquired training.

In the study, the empirical data were garnered from a sample of 220 business school students, using a 52-question questionnaire. A research framework was first proposed and the structural equation modeling subsequently utilized to test the research framework and determine the direct influence of the workplace environment factors on the transfer of training and also their indirect influence on TT through the MT variable.

The structural equation modeling model is congruent with the empirical data, with the χ² statistic of 24.414, the degree of freedom of 21, the p-value of 0.273, the goodness of fit index of 0.977 and the root mean square error of approximation of 0.027. The findings revealed that the workplace environment factors directly influenced the training transfer behavior of the participants and indirectly through the MT of the individuals. Most importantly, the proposed model could achieve the coefficient of prediction (R²) as high as 82 percent.

Workplace environment is important to motivation to transfer and transfer of training. To enhance the training transfer effectiveness, businesses should take into account the contributions associated with each environment factor in the design and implementation of training programs.

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of humanitarian logistics training for the Finnish Red Cross (FRC) Emergency Response Unit (ERU) delegates, and the factors that influence its success. The managerial purpose of this research is to support the FRC in improving their Logistics ERU Foundation training. Additionally, this research provides humanitarian organisations, engaged in emergency response efforts, insights for logistics training design.

This is a case study examining the FRC, with qualitative data being collected in a field study, utilising participant observation and in-context interview techniques for rich data collection.

This research evaluated the effectiveness of the Logistics ERU Foundation training of the FRC by adapting the four-level training evaluation model by Kirkpatrick and transfer of training theories. The research has contributed to Gralla et al.’s (2015) call for further research in evaluating what people learn from humanitarian logistics trainings and in documenting and sharing experiences with specific training programs.

The conceptual framework serves as a basis for exploratory qualitative investigation of training transfer, from the perspectives of trainees, facilitators and human resource personnel.

This research contributes to the humanitarian community by identifying gaps in Red Cross Logistics ERU training and to the development of curricula content relating to Red Cross logistics response phase operations. Additionally, this gives other humanitarian organisations, operating in the response phase of natural disasters, insights for logistics training design.

Despite rapid expansion in provision of outdoor management development (OMD), there is a lack of empirical evidence to support the efficacy of the learning process and crucially, its transfer to the workplace. Prompted by the dearth of research into the linkage between programme aims, the methodologies utilised and outcomes that are purported to accrue, a new framework for analysing the mechanisms of skills transfer is proposed. The framework represents a decision making chain comprised of three factors i.e. the knowledge base, learning approach and practice setting. In order to explore the veracity of the framework, data were gathered about the methodologies used by ten major providers of OMD to promote the transfer of skills in conflict handling. Results confirmed the model to be tenable insofar as the variables represented within it were reportedly utilised as aspects of skills development. Significantly, however, there was little evidence for the application of this framework, or any other process‐based decision making, on the design of optimum content or method.

This paper presents a schema for analyzing the transfer of management skills to a reforming socialist economy and uses it to examine the extent to which foreign investors should be able to transfer such skills to Poland. Among the conditions for effective transfer of skills from the multinational's side (the skills transferer's side) are acceptable return/risk ratio, surmountable adjustment problems, and the availability of host‐society managerial talent. Schematically the conditions on the host society's side (the transferee's side) can be considered at two levels. At the macro level the relationship must produce a net economic benefit and must be politically acceptable. At the micro level, there must be effective transfer mechanisms, locally available managerial talent, and receptive managerial attitudes. The paper is based on interviews and materials gathered in Poland.

Compared with traditional methods relying on manual teaching or system modeling, data-driven learning methods, such as deep reinforcement learning and imitation learning, show more promising potential to cope with the challenges brought by increasingly complex tasks and environments, which have become the hot research topic in the field of robot skill learning. However, the contradiction between the difficulty of collecting robot–environment interaction data and the low data efficiency causes all these methods to face a serious data dilemma, which has become one of the key issues restricting their development. Therefore, this paper aims to comprehensively sort out and analyze the cause and solutions for the data dilemma in robot skill learning.

First, this review analyzes the causes of the data dilemma based on the classification and comparison of data-driven methods for robot skill learning; Then, the existing methods used to solve the data dilemma are introduced in detail. Finally, this review discusses the remaining open challenges and promising research topics for solving the data dilemma in the future.

This review shows that simulation–reality combination, state representation learning and knowledge sharing are crucial for overcoming the data dilemma of robot skill learning.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there are no surveys that systematically and comprehensively sort out and analyze the data dilemma in robot skill learning in the existing literature. It is hoped that this review can be helpful to better address the data dilemma in robot skill learning in the future.

The purpose of the paper is to present an empirical study based on a trainee‐oriented systemic model for training transfer. The paper examines trainee characteristics which affect the motivation to learn and transfer and determine the trainees' entry behavior. Then, during the training process, the complex interactions among the trainer, the trainees and the content and method used are taken into account to assess what are here termed direct and indirect training transfer. Finally, organizational factors affecting both the training transfer and the trainee him/herself are examined.

The authors used 44 in‐depth interviews with trainees from different organizations who participated in a training program that was based on an innovative experiential training method (project method).

The results reveal the importance of trainee characteristics in the training transfer process and provide useful insights regarding the design and management of the training program.

The qualitative methodology used is a strong element of this study as it provides rich information regarding the training transfer process. The research design framework, i.e. interviewing trainees one year after the training took place, revealed important factors affecting the training transfer process.