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This article will examine the potential gap between the rhetoric of reducing bureaucracy to achieve better outcomes for individuals, and the reality for community care in the framework of the introduction of a single reporting system focused on a Single Outcome Agreement (SOA), developed between local and central government in Scotland. The article will provide a description of current arrangements in Scotland and draw on a major analysis of all 32 08/09 SOAs conducted by Community Care Providers Scotland to examine whether or not this framework could be a driver or barrier to better outcomes.

Use of local area agreements (LAAs) has been developing in England since 2004. Single outcome agreements have been a more recent innovation in Scotland. These agreements provide a vehicle for developing integrated planning and service delivery, and can support local integrated working. This article compares the English and Scottish approaches. It draws on earlier OLM research into the LAA programme and provides a description of the current Scottish approach.

The paper aims to explore the context in which local authority archives and records services are operating, in terms of national and local outcomes and targets. It considers what contribution archives services might make towards those outcomes and targets, in general and specific terms. It aims to show archivists and records managers the importance of aligning themselves with the priorities of their local authorities, especially at a time when public sector finances are under scrutiny, and considers some of the challenges that might involve.

The paper takes the Glasgow City Council cultural strategy as an example, and considers in detail both how that strategy is shaped by the Scottish Government's national outcomes, and as a result how archives are reflected in it, drawing a “golden thread” from the Scottish Government's national statement of purpose all the way down to Glasgow City Council's cultural action plan with its plans for the archives service.

The paper shows that, although in principle it is relatively easy to make a case for the contribution of archives to local cultural outcomes, in practice those outcomes are frequently focused too narrowly to allow much opportunity for archives to play a part.

This paper fulfils a recognised need by showing the importance of archives and records services aligning themselves with the priorities of their local authorities, and offers practical advice to enable them to do so.

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new agent-based simulation model of bilateral negotiation based on a synthesis of established theories and empirical studies of negotiation research. The central units of the model are negotiators who pursue goals, have attributes (trust, assertiveness, cooperativeness, creativity, time, etc.) and perform actions (proposing and accepting offers, exchanging information, creating value, etc).

Methodologically, the model follows the agent-based approach to modeling. This approach is chosen because negotiations can be described as complex, non-linear systems involving autonomous agents (i.e. the negotiators), who interact with each other, pursue goals and perform actions aimed at achieving their goals.

This paper illustrates how the model can simulate experiments involving variables such as negotiation strategy, creativity, reservation value or time in negotiation. An example simulation is presented which investigates the main and interaction effects of negotiators’ reservation value and their time available for a negotiation. A software implementation of the model is freely accessible at https://tinyurl.com/y7oj6jo8.

The model, as developed at this point, provides the basis for future research projects. One project could address the representation of emotions and their impact on the process and outcome of negotiations. Another project could extend the model by allowing negotiators to convey false information (i.e. to bluff). Yet another project could be aimed at refining the routines used for making and accepting offers with a view to allow parties to reach partial settlements during a negotiation.

Due to its broad scope and wide applicability, the model can be used by practitioners and researchers alike. As a decision-support system, the model allows users to simulate negotiation situations and estimate the likelihood of negotiation outcomes. As a research platform, it can generate simulation data in a cost- and time-effective way, allowing researchers to simulate complex, large-N studies at no cost or time.

The model presented in this paper synthesizes in a novel way a comprehensive range of concepts and theories of current negotiation research. It complements other computational models, in that it can simulate a more diverse range of negotiation strategies (distributive, integrative and compromise) and is applicable to a greater variety of negotiation scenarios.

There is currently much policy emphasis on both partnership working between health and social services in the UK and on the outcomes delivered by services. This article provides an account of two consecutive projects centred on these two themes. The first project, at the University of Glasgow, sought to address the lack of evidence about the outcomes delivered to service users by partnerships. Following from this project, the Joint Improvement Team of the Scottish Government commissioned the researchers to develop a toolkit to involve users and unpaid carers in performance management in community care in Scotland. The remit of this second project expanded during 2007 as it became linked with the development of the emerging National Outcomes Framework for community care in Scotland. This article outlines the outcomes‐based piloting work currently under way in Scotland.

Partnership working across health and social care is considered key to manage rising service demand whilst ensuring flexible and high-quality services. Evidence suggests that partnership working is a local concern and that wider structural context is important to sustain and direct local collaboration. “Top down” needs to create space for “bottom up” management of local contingency. Scotland and Norway have recently introduced “top down” structural reforms for mandatory partnerships. The purpose of this paper is to describe and compare these policies to consider the extent to which top-down approaches can facilitate effective partnerships that deliver on key goals.

The authors compare Scottish (2015) and Norwegian (2012) reforms against the evidence of partnership working. The authors foreground the extent to which organisation, finance and performance management create room for partnerships to work collaboratively and in new ways.

The two reforms are held in place by different health and social care organisation and governance arrangements. Room for manoeuvre at local levels has been jeopardised in both countries, but in different ways, mirroring existing structural challenges to partnership working. Known impact of the reforms hitherto suggests that the potential of partnerships to facilitate user-centred care may be compromised by an agenda of reducing pressure on hospital resources.

Large-scale reforms risk losing sight of user outcomes. Making room for collaboration between user and services in delivering desired outcomes at individual and local levels is an incremental way to join bottom up to top down in partnership policy, retaining the necessary flexibility and involving key constituencies along the way.

In Scotland, the Community Empowerment (Scotland) Act represents a significant development towards greater localism in the way public services are designed and delivered in Scotland. This also represents a different approach to that adopted in the rest of the UK. The purpose of this paper is to explore the stakeholder perceptions of localism within a council ward.

This paper is based on an in-depth exploratory case study of a single council ward in East Scotland. The fieldwork involved 61 in-depth interviews with multiple stakeholders including local councillors, public service managers and residents.

The findings highlight that, whilst the discourse of community empowerment represents policy divergence, there remain some significant structural and social barriers to meaningful community empowerment in practice. Finally, it is argued that there are three key factors to consider when developing community empowerment: a shared strategy, shared resources and shared accountability.

The research draws on extensive data from an in-depth case study to explore the realities of community empowerment within a single local authority ward. In doing so, it provides a rich contextual narrative of how the rhetoric of community empowerment is perceived within a council ward setting.

Public realm urban regeneration projects aim to provide facilities for the common good such as improved road systems, public parks, museums and cultural institutions. Driven by political priorities, the expected benefits for society comprise of the proposed regeneration outcomes articulated in a masterplan vision. As a philosophical concept, common good in the context of urban regeneration is explored in this study to understand the expectations for major, long-term regeneration projects and the intended project objectives. In the approach to governance, there should be a relationship between monitoring indicators adopted by the regeneration project as part of the governance framework and their alignment with the common good. These concepts are analysed through a case study of the development and reporting of benchmark indicators established at the start of a major 20-year urban redevelopment in 2010. The monitoring and enhancement concept implemented required indicators to be developed and embedded in the regeneration process to, not only monitor, but also enhance sustainability. The longitudinal case study, at the interim point 10 years since the establishment of these indicators, will evaluate the sustainability of the urban regeneration and evaluate current evidence for the common good. The indicators were developed following the principles of a theme orientated framework in line with the UK and Scottish Government approach at that time. The process of indicator development was iterative, refined and finalised through working closely with local authority, Scottish Enterprise and partnership stakeholders (civic oriented organisations) to capture evidence of progress towards the masterplan vision. Ten years on, conclusions examine whether these indicators could be used a proxy for common good. The conclusion will identify the extent to which we would need to revise indicators to address any gaps to become a more accurate measure of common good.

Managed care networks enable virtual integration of health, social care and housing service delivery. When focused on outcomes and experience for service users and carers, they can provide integrated support for improvement in the pathways, processes and experience of care and support for older people. This paper provides a case study of the development of a managed care network of health and social care partners in Lanarkshire in the context of current policy drivers in Scotland.

The purpose of this paper is to set the scene for this special issue by synthesising the vast array of literature on performance measurement to examine what constitutes performance measurement, and why it is important for the third sector. It also analyses key issues of performance measurement and introduces the papers that comprise this special issue of Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management.

This paper takes the form of a literature review. The authors draw on extensive research on performance measurement from a diverse range of disciplines to identify and explore key definitions, opportunities and challenges with performance measurement in the third sector.

Economic/financial efficiency approaches, programme theories, strategic and participatory approaches all present opportunities and challenges when measuring performance in the third sector. The papers in this special issue demonstrate the manner in which different organisations have dealt with these.

This special issue of Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management aims to stimulate qualitative research into performance measurement frameworks within the third sector both inside organisations and to their external stakeholders (supporters, clients and the general public).

Those charged with governance and management in the third sector organisations (TSOs) will seek to use appropriate approaches to measuring and managing performance in order to learn and to discharge accountability. The different aspects of performance measurement will also be of interest to funders, donors, and those who seek accountability from TSOs.

The categorisations of methods and approaches to performance measurement should guide researchers and practitioners alike. A future research programme is also derived.