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1 – 10 of 784Maciej Tabaszewski and Czeslaw Cempel
The observed diagnostic symptoms are often characterized by local fluctuations of their values. Hence, instead of direct observation of symptoms it is worth observing their grey…
Abstract
Purpose
The observed diagnostic symptoms are often characterized by local fluctuations of their values. Hence, instead of direct observation of symptoms it is worth observing their grey models and research similarity between life curves, which can enable to guess the nature of wear. The purpose of this paper is to find useful measures of similarity of diagnostics symptoms modeled by GM(1,1).
Design/methodology/approach
Measures of similarity may be used to determine the character of wear of the diagnosed object by way of comparison with known examples, which have previously been obtained and identified. A methodology for creation of such comparisons based on pre-smoothing by means of a GM(1,1) model with rolling window has been proposed. The process of smoothing enables to eliminate local fluctuations of a symptom. Their existence makes it difficult to compare symptoms. Application of a rolling window enables in turn to map the symptom properly, which may be difficult in the case of relatively short period of accelerated wear and changes of symptom values. To compare the life curves it is also necessary to normalize the life curves, so that they are represented by the same number of measurements (compression or extension of the measure of operation).
Findings
The paper concerns the similarity measures for symptom life curves obtained during vibration monitoring of fan mills working at a heat and power station. Similarity measures of symptoms were proposed and applied to the acquired data from the machines.
Practical implications
The method of symptom modeling and life curve comparing can be used to discover type of wear of the machine and eventually estimation of the remaining useful life.
Originality/value
The proposed method is very important for development of condition monitoring.
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Keywords
The problem of automatic diagnosis by use of a computer is expressed as an optimization problem in which parameters are chosen to minimize the diagnosis errors in reference to a…
Abstract
The problem of automatic diagnosis by use of a computer is expressed as an optimization problem in which parameters are chosen to minimize the diagnosis errors in reference to a previously treated set of patients. The results are expressed in terms of statistical measures of mutual associations of symptoms, and of symptoms with diseases. A decision criterion is discussed, and a formula is derived to describe the diagnostic value of each symptom. No assumptions are made regarding mutual exclusiveness of diseases or statistical independence of symptoms.
Naila Aliyeva, Sergei Chernov, Liudmila Babaskina and Mariya Zakharova
The purpose of this chapter was to develop a framework for comprehensive business diagnostics, which can be integrated into the management of small and medium-sized businesses.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this chapter was to develop a framework for comprehensive business diagnostics, which can be integrated into the management of small and medium-sized businesses.
Design/Methodology/Approach
The chapter proposes a multiloop model of comprehensive business diagnostics, which provides the company with timely and objective information about the dynamics of its key performance indicators. The model allows enterprises of the real sector to optimize the information acquiring process with the help of the express diagnostics indicators and ensure the high quality and efficiency of the obtained information. Testing of the multiloop model at the Pavlovo Posad Shawl Manufactory JSC involved three stages: express diagnostics (ED), general diagnostics (GD), and comprehensive diagnostics (CD).
Findings
The results determined the need to move to the comprehensive diagnostics (CD) loop of the model. The approbation of the suggested model at the shawl manufacture, particularly the CD loop, allowed the authors to identify the key factors influencing the company's main economic and financial indicators.
Practical Implications
The proposed multiloop model can be used at enterprises with different forms of ownership, including small and medium-sized businesses, both in Russia and abroad.
Social Implications
A multiloop model of comprehensive business diagnostics provides managerial staff with qualitative real-time information that helps them make informed and effective management decisions.
Originality
The proposed multiloop model allows businesses to acquire data about the dynamics of key indicators, determine the factors' impacts on key financial and economic indicators, and ensure high efficiency of management decisions with minimal cost.
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Haiqiao Wu, Yi Liu, Yunliang Ding and Yongqing Qiu
The objective of this paper is to develop an expert system according to the features of the fault diagnosis for modern commercial aircraft, which is based on case based reasoning…
Abstract
The objective of this paper is to develop an expert system according to the features of the fault diagnosis for modern commercial aircraft, which is based on case based reasoning and fuzzy logic. The development strategy of this kind of expert system is illustrated by the development process of an A340 fault diagnostic expert system. The key technology, which is involved in the system, is discussed, such as the construction of case base, the structure of indexes, the algorithm of retrieval and the management of case base.
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Joaquim Jorge Fernandes Soares, Eija Viitasara, Gloria Macassa, Maria Gabriella Melchiorre, Mindaugas Stankunas, Jutta Lindert, Henrique Barros, Elisabeth Ioannidi-Kapolou and Francisco Torres-González
The purpose of this paper is to examine differences in the experience of somatic symptoms by domain (exhaustion, musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, heart distress) between…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine differences in the experience of somatic symptoms by domain (exhaustion, musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, heart distress) between psychologically abused and non-abused older persons, and to scrutinize associations between abuse and somatic symptoms while considering other factors (e.g. social support).
Design/methodology/approach
The design was cross-sectional. The participants were 4,467 women/men aged 60-84 years living in seven European cities. The data were analysed using bivariate/multivariate methods.
Findings
Psychologically abused participants scored higher on all somatic symptom domains than non-abused, and thus were more affected by the symptoms. The regressions confirmed a positive association between psychological abuse and most somatic symptom domains, but other factors (e.g. depression, anxiety) were more salient. Demographics/socio-economics were positively (e.g. marriage/cohabitation) or negatively (e.g. education) associated with somatic symptoms depending on the domain. Social support and family structure “protected” the experience of somatic symptoms.
Research limitations/implications
The research focused on psychological abuse. It did not incorporate other abuse types calling for further research on the effects of other abuse types on somatic symptoms. Nevertheless, the findings indicate that psychological abuse is linked to somatic symptoms, but the role of other factors (e.g. depression, anxiety, social support) is also important.
Practical implications
Improvements in the older person's situation regarding somatic symptoms need to consider psychological abuse, co-morbidities, social support and living conditions.
Originality/value
The paper reports data from the ABUEL Survey, which collected population-based data on elder abuse.
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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic condition with variable physical, cognitive, and quality of life impacts. Little research has investigated how MS outcomes vary by social…
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic condition with variable physical, cognitive, and quality of life impacts. Little research has investigated how MS outcomes vary by social identity (race, gender, disability, age, sexual orientation, and nationality) and social location (place within systems of power and privilege). However, emerging evidence points to racial and ethnic group disparities in MS outcomes. This chapter integrates core concepts from the life course perspective and an intersectional feminist disability framework to interrogate the role of diagnosis pathways in determining differential MS outcomes. MS diagnosis pathways (the time from symptom onset to the point of diagnosis) are a logical place to begin this work given the varying nature of symptom onset and the importance of a quick diagnosis for optimal MS outcomes. Whereas the life course perspective provides a framework for understanding disability transitions and pathways across the life span, an intersectional feminist disability framework centers disability within an axis of overlapping social identities and locations. The combination of both frameworks provides an approach capable of examining how MS disparities and inequities emerge in different contexts over time. The chapter begins with an overview of MS and current knowledge on disparities (mainly racial) in MS prevalence, diagnosis, and outcomes. The chapter proceeds to describe the utility of key concepts of both the life course perspective and intersectional frameworks when researching health disparities. Finally, the chapter ends with a theoretical application of an intersectional feminist disability life course perspective to investigate disparities in MS diagnosis pathways.
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James H. Foggin, John T. Mentzer and Carol L. Monroe
How can a third‐party logistics (3PL) provider decide whether or not there is a viable opportunity to serve the needs and desires of potential clients? To answer this question, a…
Abstract
How can a third‐party logistics (3PL) provider decide whether or not there is a viable opportunity to serve the needs and desires of potential clients? To answer this question, a tool is needed that can help determine if there are problems, inefficiencies, or needed improvements in a client's, or a potential client's, supply chain that the 3PL can effectively address. Most diagnostic tools currently in use in supply chain analysis are large, quantitative, and time‐consuming. This paper describes a qualitative diagnostic tool designed for more rapid analysis. The research and managerial implications of this tool are also discussed.
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Marco O. Bertelli, Micaela Piva Merli, Elspeth Bradley, Roberto Keller, Niccolò Varrucciu, Chiara Del Furia and Nicola Panocchia
During the last few years the prevalence of autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has increased greatly. A recurring issue is the overlap and boundaries between Intellectual…
Abstract
Purpose
During the last few years the prevalence of autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has increased greatly. A recurring issue is the overlap and boundaries between Intellectual Developmental Disorder (IDD), ASD and Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSD). In clinical practice with people with IDD, the alternative or adjunctive diagnosis of ASD or SSD is particularly challenging. The purpose of this paper is to define the boundaries and overlapping clinical characteristics of IDD, ASD and SSD; highlight the most relevant differences in clinical presentation; and provide a clinical framework within which to recognize the impact of IDD and ASD in the diagnosis of SSD.
Design/methodology/approach
A systematic mapping of the international literature was conducted on the basis of the following questions: first, what are considered to be core and overlapping aspects of IDD, ASD and SSD; second, what are the main issues in clinical practice; and third, can key diagnostic flags be identified to assist in differentiating between the three diagnostic categories?
Findings
Crucial clinical aspects for the differentiation resulted to be age of onset, interest towards others, main positive symptoms, and anatomical anomalies of the central nervous system. More robust diagnostic criteria and semeiological references are desirable.
Originality/value
The present literature mapping provides a comprehensive description of the most relevant differences in the clinical presentation of ASD and SSD in persons with IDD.
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Michelle Heyman, Megan Ledoux Galligan, Giselle Berenice Salinas, Elizabeth Baker, Jan Blacher and Katherine Stavropoulos
Professionals working with community populations are often presented with complicated cases where it is difficult to determine which diagnosis or diagnoses are appropriate…
Abstract
Purpose
Professionals working with community populations are often presented with complicated cases where it is difficult to determine which diagnosis or diagnoses are appropriate. Differentiating among neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and intellectual disability can be a complex process, especially, as these disorders have some overlapping symptoms and often co-occur in young children. This series of case studies aims to present commonly overlapping symptoms in children who present to clinics with developmental concerns.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper presents three case studies that were completed at a free community ASD screening clinic in Southern California.
Findings
The case studies have common presenting behaviors and symptoms (e.g. social communication difficulties) that often co-occur across diagnoses; explanations for the final diagnoses are given in each case.
Research limitations/implications
Conclusions from these three cases cannot generalize to all children being seen in clinics for neurodevelopmental concerns.
Practical implications
This series of case studies highlights commonly overlapping symptoms in children who present for differential diagnosis with social and/or behavioral concerns. Implications for educational placement and intervention are discussed.
Social implications
These cases highlight the challenges involved in the differential and dual diagnostic process for young children with developmental concerns. Diagnostic considerations can affect later educational placement and opportunities for socialization.
Originality/value
This series of case studies provide practical information for clinicians about how to effectively differentiate between commonly occurring neurodevelopmental disorders, particularly given recent changes to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 5th edition (DSM-5).
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Prabhdeep Singh and Rajbir Kaur
The purpose of this paper is to provide more accurate structure that allows the estimation of coronavirus (COVID-19) at a very early stage with ultra-low latency. The machine…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide more accurate structure that allows the estimation of coronavirus (COVID-19) at a very early stage with ultra-low latency. The machine learning algorithms are used to evaluate the past medical details of the patients and forecast COVID-19 positive cases, which can aid in lowering costs and distinctively enhance the standard of treatment at hospitals.
Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, artificial intelligence (AI) and cloud/fog computing are integrated to strengthen COVID-19 patient prediction. A delay-sensitive efficient framework for the prediction of COVID-19 at an early stage is proposed. A novel similarity measure-based random forest classifier is proposed to increase the efficiency of the framework.
Findings
The performance of the framework is checked with various quality of service parameters such as delay, network usage, RAM usages and energy consumption, whereas classification accuracy, recall, precision, kappa static and root mean square error is used for the proposed classifier. Results show the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
Originality/value
AI and cloud/fog computing are integrated to strengthen COVID-19 patient prediction. A novel similarity measure-based random forest classifier with more than 80% accuracy is proposed to increase the efficiency of the framework.
Details