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Article
Publication date: 1 April 1998

E.A.M. Youssef, Nivin M. Ahmed and M.A. Abd El‐Ghaffar

Silica waste fume is a byproduct produced in the manufacture of ferrosilicon. The sample, which was very fine and rich in silica, was characterized using chemical and…

Abstract

Silica waste fume is a byproduct produced in the manufacture of ferrosilicon. The sample, which was very fine and rich in silica, was characterized using chemical and spectrophotometric measurements (XRD and electron microscope). The silica fume was incorporated in anticorrosive paint formulations based on alkyd resin to replace partially or completely the imported diatomaceous silica. The various paint formulations were evaluated and the physico‐mechanical properties as well as the corrosion protection properties of the painted films have been studied. Promising results were achieved, which showed that silica fume can replace satisfactorily the imported diatomaceous silica from the economical and environmental points of view.

Details

Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. 27 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 4 August 2020

Salwa H. El-Sabbagh, Nivin M. Ahmed, Doaa Samir Mahmoud and Wael S. Mohamed

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the efficiency of commercial silica, silica fume-waste (SF) and modified silica fume-waste (mSF) as reinforcing filler in…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the efficiency of commercial silica, silica fume-waste (SF) and modified silica fume-waste (mSF) as reinforcing filler in acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) and ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) through the mixing process of rubber. The composites were prepared using different loadings of silica fume and commercial silica in EPDM and NBR composites. Structural characterization of silica and SF was done using X-ray fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface of silica fume waste was modified using poly methyl methacrylate/butyl acrylate through emulsion polymerization to increase the interaction between silica and rubber, then consequently better dispersion in rubber matrix was obtained. The mSF waste was characterized using FT-IR spectra and transmission electron microscopy.

Design/methodology/approach

The investigated rubber mixes and vulcanizates were evaluated by measuring the curing characteristics, mechanical testing, thermogravimetric analysis and morphological studies (SEM). The mechanical properties of composites including tensile strength, elongation at break and modulus were estimated and analyzed.

Findings

The results revealed that the composites (NBR and EPDM) containing mSF as filler exhibited better rheological and mechanical properties compared to unmodified silica waste and commercial silica. The SEM analysis indicated that the mSF was homogeneously dispersed through the surface of NBR and EPDM composites. Also, results showed that (NBR and EPDM) composites exhibited remarkable improvements in tensile strength, elongation at break and hardness in the presence of mSF; they also showed an increase in the thermal stability. This means that the treatment of surface SF can improve its dispersion in rubber.

Research limitations/implications

Silica cannot be applied in rubber matrix without surface modification because of their incompatibility; their dispersion is not good without surface modification.

Practical implications

The modified silica surface is considered as effective reinforcing filler which can replace other fillers because of its lower surface energy and enhanced intercalating behavior in rubber.

Social implications

This study is just a start in establishing rubber projects with wide applications in the industry and providing a cheap local product while preserving the quality and that is the use of factory waste, which helps in protecting the environment from pollution.

Originality/value

mSF is cheap with relatively high purity, which make rubber/mSF composites appear as new grade of material that can be used in different media rather than rubber.

Details

Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. 50 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 27 July 2018

Nivin M. Ahmed, Mostafa G. Mohamed, Reham H. Tammam and Mohamed R. Mabrouk

This study aims to apply novel anticorrosive pigments containing silica fume-phosphates (Si-Ph), which were prepared using core-shell technique by covering 80-90 per cent silica

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to apply novel anticorrosive pigments containing silica fume-phosphates (Si-Ph), which were prepared using core-shell technique by covering 80-90 per cent silica fume (core) with 10-20 per cent phosphates (shell) previously, to play dual functions simultaneously as anticorrosive pigments in coating formulations and as an anticorrosive admixture in concrete even if it is not present in the concrete itself. Two comparisons were held out to show the results of coatings on rebars containing core-shell pigments in concrete, and concrete admixtured with silica fume can perform a dual function as anticorrosive pigment and concrete admixture. The evaluation of corrosion protection efficiency of coatings containing core-shell pigments and those containing phosphates was performed.

Design/methodology/approach

Simple chemical techniques were used to prepare core-shell pigments, and their characterization was carried out in a previous work. These pigments were incorporated in solvent-based paint formulations based on epoxy resin. Different electrochemical techniques such as open-circuit potential and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to evaluate the anticorrosive efficiency of the new pigments.

Findings

The electrochemical measurements showed that concrete containing coated rebars with core-shell pigments exhibited almost similar results to that of concrete admixtured with silica fume. Also, the anticorrosive performance of coatings containing Si-Ph pigments offered protection efficiency almost similar to that of phosphates, proving that these new pigments can perform both roles as anticorrosive pigment and concrete admixture.

Originality/value

Although the new Si-Ph pigments contain more than 80 per cent waste material, its performance can be compared to original phosphate pigments in the reinforced concrete.

Details

Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. 47 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 16 August 2019

Yasmin Murad, Rana Imam, Husam Abu Hajar, Dua’a Habeh, Abdullah Hammad and Zaid Shawash

The purpose of this paper is to develop new predictive models using gene expression programming in order to estimate the compressive strength of green concrete, as accurate models…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to develop new predictive models using gene expression programming in order to estimate the compressive strength of green concrete, as accurate models that can predict the compressive strength of green concrete are still lacking.

Design/methodology/approach

To estimate the compressive strength of plain concrete, fly ash concrete, silica fume concrete and concrete with silica fume and fly ash, four predictive GEP models are developed. The GEP models are developed using a large and reliable database that is collected from the literature. The GEP models are validated using the collected experimental database.

Findings

The R2 is used to statistically evaluate the performance of the GEP models wherein the R2 values for the GEP models including all data are 85, 95, 80 and 95.3 percent for the models that predict the compressive strength of plain concrete, fly ash concrete, silica fume concrete and concrete with silica fume and fly ash, respectively.

Originality/value

The GEP models have high R2 values and low RMSE and MAE, which indicates that they are capable of predicting the compressive strength of green concrete with a reasonable accuracy.

Details

International Journal of Structural Integrity, vol. 11 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1757-9864

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 2 May 2017

Nivin M. Ahmed, Walaa M. Abd El-Gawad, Ahmed A. El_Shami and Eglal M.R. Souaya

This study aims to synthesize a series of new anticorrosive pigments using a new technique called “core-shell”. This technique is based on depositing thin surface layer of…

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to synthesize a series of new anticorrosive pigments using a new technique called “core-shell”. This technique is based on depositing thin surface layer of expensive, efficient anticorrosive pigment on a cheap extender. This extender forms the bulk of the new pigments. The new pigments were constructed on cores of either waste silica fume or kaolin comprising 80-85 per cent of their chemical structure, and the ferrite shell was about of 20-15 per cent. Electrochemical studies were undertaken on two series of pigments for comparison between ferrites/silica fume and ferrites/kaolin pigment to show their performance, as the shells are different.

Design/methodology/approach

The different ferrites/silica fume and ferrites/kaolin pigments were characterized using different analytical and spectrophotometric techniques, such as X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Immersion test and electrochemical impedance measurements were done in 3.5 per cent NaCl.

Findings

The tests revealed that paint films containing Sr ferrite/silica and Ca ferrite/kaolin were the most effective in corrosion prevention.

Practical implications

Silica fumes have a large array of uses. These pigments can be applied in various industries such as painting, wooding coating, anti-corruption coating, powder coating, architectural paint and waterproof paints. Treated kaolin can be applied in many industries besides pigment manufacture and paint formulations; it can be applied as a reinforcing filler in rubber, plastics and ceramic composites.

Originality/value

The new pigments are considered ecofriendly materials, because using them converts a waste product and a natural ore to useful marketable product, leading to reducing cost and saving the environment at the same time.

Details

Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. 46 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 5 March 2018

Nivin M. Ahmed, Walaa M. Abd El-Gawad and Eglal M.R. Souaya

Core-shell is structured particles having several chemical compositions. The advantage of these particles arise from their specific design, to be used in decreasing costs by using…

Abstract

Purpose

Core-shell is structured particles having several chemical compositions. The advantage of these particles arise from their specific design, to be used in decreasing costs by using inexpensive material (natural ore or waste material) as carrier for thin shell of active material. This study aims to prepare ferrites/silica core-shell pigments and compare their inhibition efficiency to original ferrites. These pigments have shells of different ferrites that comprise 10-15 per cent of the prepared pigments on silica fume. Silica fume which is the core is a byproduct in the ferro–silicon industry; this core comprises 85-90 per cent of the prepared pigments.

Design/methodology/approach

The prepared core-shell pigments were characterized using transmission electron microscopy analysis, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis and sequential wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence. These pigments were integrated in epoxy-based paint formulations, and the physical, mechanical and corrosion properties of dry films were examined. The corrosion properties were studied by using immersion test in 3.5 per cent NaCl for 28 days.

Findings

This study showed that these new eco-friendly and inexpensive pigments are similar to ferrites in their inhibition performance, i.e. they exhibited high corrosion prevention.

Research limitations/implications

Domestic waste materials were reused in paints and only simple modification was used, and then, their effectiveness showed similar performance to that of the original pigments.

Originality/value

Ferrite and ferrite/silica pigments are environmentally friendly pigments that can replace other hazardous pigments (e.g. chromates) with almost the same quality in their performance; also, they can be used in industries other than paints (e.g. paper, rubber and plastics composites).

Details

Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. 47 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 25 April 2022

Hadji Ben Salah, Benamara Dalila and Taallah Bachir

This paper aims to express a mathematical model that predicts the effect of mineral additives on the physical–mechanical properties of high-performance sand concrete (HPSC), using…

52

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to express a mathematical model that predicts the effect of mineral additives on the physical–mechanical properties of high-performance sand concrete (HPSC), using SAS's JMP7 statistical analysis software.

Design/methodology/approach

A mixture design modeling approach is applied to sand concrete (SC) for optimizing mixtures without being obliged to do a lot of experiments, where the cement is partially replaced with two mineral additives silica fume (SF) and blast furnace slag (BFS) in proportions as high as 20% of the mass. A total of 15 mixtures of sand concrete is prepared in the laboratory using this analytical technique in combinations with binary and ternary systems to estimate the workability and the compressive strength (CS) of sand concrete at 7 and 28 days.

Findings

The results obtained showed that the use of derived models based on the experimental design approach greatly assisted in understanding the interactions between the various parameters of the studied mixtures; the mathematical models present excellent correlation coefficients (R² = 0.96 for CS7 days, R² = 0.93 for CS28 days and R² = 0.95 for slump) for all studied responses. Moreover, it was also found that the inclusion of additives (SF and BFS) in binary mixture SC12 and ternary mixtures SC8 leads to a significant improvement in mechanical strength compared to reference sand concrete SC15. These results give the possibility to obtain a formulation of HPSC.

Originality/value

This paper shows the possibility of manufacturing high-performance sand-concrete with good compressive strength; the developed mathematical model by using SAS's JMP7 statistical analysis software allowed us to reach a strength compression value of about 60 MPa, in 28 days, by replacing 10% of the cement weight with silica fume. Furthermore, with partial replacement of the cement weight (15%) with two additions such as silica fume (10%) and blast furnace slag (5%), a 58 MPa of compressive strength can be achieved, without overlooking the fact that this can be a key economic and environmental alternative.

Details

World Journal of Engineering, vol. 20 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1708-5284

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 27 May 2014

Li Tang, Philip Shapira and Yu Meng

This paper aims to explore pathways and issues of small business technological commercialization in China, probing the particular characteristics of the Chinese context and the…

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to explore pathways and issues of small business technological commercialization in China, probing the particular characteristics of the Chinese context and the ways in which innovation frameworks, institutions and business strategies are embedded.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors examine in detail the case of an innovative Chinese indigenous small firm engaged in innovative nanotechnology materials development. The strategies and push- and pull factors underlying the company’s innovation practices were investigated. The proposition that the institutional relationships formed to secure access to research expertise and aid business survival also influence the ways in which technology is commercialized was explored.

Findings

It was found that while technological development is company-driven, it is also highly connected to regional innovation structures and networks. This stimulates a “spin-in” rather than a university-led model of development, as this small firm embeds its technology and business development strategies in conjunction with partner organizations. Broader management and policy implications are discussed.

Originality/value

While China has rapidly expanded scientific research in emerging technologies such as nanotechnology, commercialization through the development of entrepreneurial technology-oriented small companies faces a series of challenges. New enterprises in the emerging area of nanotechnology encounter problems of technology transfer and intellectual property management, capital acquisition, market uncertainty and constrained access to global markets.

Details

Chinese Management Studies, vol. 8 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1750-614X

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 19 June 2023

Ghania Mirouzi and Amina Houda

The objective of this research is to evaluate the influence of mineral additions on the mechanical performances of polymer concrete. This study aims to propose a novel approach…

Abstract

Purpose

The objective of this research is to evaluate the influence of mineral additions on the mechanical performances of polymer concrete. This study aims to propose a novel approach formulation of polymer concrete based on reduction in the quantity of the binder and disposal of large quantities of industrial by-products and household waste such as the marble, the brick and silica fume whose valuation in polymer concrete could be an interesting ecological and economical alternative. The incorporation of a rate of 10% brick powder affects the distribution of pores inside polymer concrete, that is, the pore diameters become thinner and decrease and the porosity becomes evenly distributed. The recycled mineral brick powder addition in polymer concrete mix improved the mechanical properties.

Design/methodology/approach

This polymer concrete was prepared by using polyester resin and two different types of sand, following a new formulation based on an empirical method. Furthermore, the optimal binder percentage was of 20% resin and a mixture of 52% dune sand and 48% quarry sand according to the Abrams method. To achieve our objective, five rates (from 2% to 10%) of brick powder, marble powder and silica fume were examined. Afterwards, its mechanical characteristics were evaluated via a three-point flexural with compressive resistance. The findings indicated that the addition of brick, marble and silica fume to polymer concrete increases the flexural strength with 21.84%, 12.76% and 9.07%, respectively.

Findings

Concerning the compressive strength, the best resistance is that of polymer concretes based on brick powder, and this economic formulation of polymer concrete serves the optimal cost/resistance ratio criteria. It allows an improvement in the mechanical resistance of concrete are obtained by adding brick powder that exceed that of the reference concrete.

Originality/value

In the past few decades, there has been several contribution concerning the subject of the reduction of the binder quantity in polymer concretes and adding the industrial and household wastes. However, previous studies revolving around the same area disregarded the effect of the brick powder, which appears scientifically of great importance for enriching the literature.

Details

World Journal of Engineering, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1708-5284

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 February 1993

Despite recessionary years in 1990 and 1991, West European demand for specialty silicas has increased at an average annual rate of 8% per year over the past five years as detailed…

Abstract

Despite recessionary years in 1990 and 1991, West European demand for specialty silicas has increased at an average annual rate of 8% per year over the past five years as detailed in a new study from Kline and Company. In 1991, total European demand reached $425 million for the eight silica products listed in Table 1. These silicas, which include both synthetically manufactured products as well as natural minerals, are used in a wide variety of industrial and consumer applications. Specialty silicas impart such unique functions as reinforcement, thickening or electrical properties to these applications and are not used merely as cost reducing fillers.

Details

Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. 22 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

1 – 10 of 378