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This paper aims to provide a detailed review of weak interaction biosensors and several common biosensor methods for magnifying signals, as well as judiciously guide readers through selecting an appropriate detecting system and signal amplification method according to their research and application purpose.

This paper classifies the weak interactions between biomolecules, summarizes the common signal amplification methods used in biosensor design and compares the performance of different kinds of biosensors. It highlights a potential electrochemical signal amplification method: the G protein signaling cascade amplification system.

Developed biosensors which, based on various principles, have their own strengths and weaknesses have met the basic detection requirements for weak interaction between biomolecules: the selectivity, sensitivity and detection limit of biosensors have been consistently improving with the use of new signal amplification methods. However, most of the weak interaction biosensors stop at the research stage; there are only a minority realization of final commercial application.

This paper evaluates the status of research and application of weak interaction biosensors systematically. The G protein signaling cascade amplification system proposal offers a new avenue for the research and development of electrochemical biosensors.

Outlines the current research work on intelligent sensors and intelligent transducers which will be required in complex systems. Discusses the elements of an intelligent sensor and concludes that these require analogue filtering, data conversion and compensation, and a digital communication link to a common signal bus. Explains what is meant by a systems approach to intelligent sensors with layered information processing. Concludes that unless a deeper understanding of the basics of sensor systems is acquired new intelligent sensor design will be very difficult.

This article provides a broad overview of telecommunications and network‐related technologies. Topics covered include identification and review of network elements, analog and digital signals, synchronous and asynchronous transmission formats, transmission media and equipment, transmission techniques and characteristics, multiplexing, network types, access technologies, network architectures and topologies, local‐area network technologies and attributes, protocols and protocol issues, gateways, internetworking, local networking alternatives, equipment certification, and various aspects of network management. It is intended to provide the practicing professional in the field of library and information science with a broad, up‐to‐date technical review that might serve to support and facilitate further investigation of current developments in networks and networking. Although the broad range of topics is not treated in depth, numerous references are provided for further investigation.

The purpose of this paper is to propose a method to remit or mitigate deterioration resulting from the influence of short data length to existing signal extracting methods.

Careful design of the pre-filtering circuits to refrain most of the noise and disturbance and remove the influence of operation speed of the concerned balancing machine. Based on the analysis on the spectral feature of the unbalance vibration signal, a pre-filtering circuit is designed, then the signal extension method based on AR prediction model are discussed and used to prolong sampled signal.

With the extension method, sampled signal can be extended to required length to enhance the performance of refraining nearby frequency disturbance. The results of simulation and field experiments demonstrate the feasibility of the presented extension method.

Improved measurement efficiency of balancing machine and provided a method to trade off between measurement accuracy and measurement efficiency.

The paper presents a way to improve extraction accuracy and frequency resolution with limited cycles of unbalance vibration signal.

This article looks at the popular myths surrounding intruder detectors and false alarms. What the user should be looking for in a detector to reduce the number of false alarms and what points should be taken into consideration when choosing an alarm.

Design, fabricate and evaluate all-solid-state wearable sensor systems that can monitor ion concentrations in human sweat to provide real time health analysis and disease diagnosis capabilities.

A human health monitoring system includes disposable customized flexible electrode array and a compact signal transmission-processing electronic unit.

Patterned rGO (reduced-graphene oxide) layers can replace traditional metal electrodes for the fabrication of free-standing all solid film sensors to provide improved flexibility, sensitivity, selectivity, and stability in ion concentration monitoring. Electrochemical measurements show the open circuit potential of current selective electrodes exhibit near Nernst responses versus Na+ and K+ ion concentration in sweat. These signals show great stability during a typical measurement period of 3 weeks. Sensor performances evaluated through real time measurements on human subjects show strong correlations between subject activity and sweating levels, confirming high degree of robustness, sensitivity, reliability and practicality of current sensor systems.

In improving flexibility, stability and interfacial coherency of chemical sensor arrays, rGO films have been the developed as a high-performance alternative to conventional electrode with significant cost and processing complexity reduction. rGO supported solid state electrode arrays have been found to have linear potential response versus ion concentration, suitable for electrochemical sensing applications. Current sweat sensor system has a high degree of integration, including electrode arrays, signal processing circuits, and data visualization interfaces.

The architectural implications and applications of the work and teachings of Gordon Pask have been explored through a number of avenues, and in particular through his long‐term affiliation with the Architectural Association and more recently as a result of his close ties with John Frazer’s Diploma Unit. Studio Unit 14 at UCL The Bartlett has adopted a programme that continues this investigation into the use of machine logic and machine intelligence to explore cybernetic models of the built environment. As architects, there is an essential spatial/tactile/visual quality to the explorations, so that much of the work is concerned with the relationship between information and form, and in particular, dynamic form. While many fields of research have come to rely more and more on computer generated graphical models, this remains an issue with which architecture is aptly placed to engage – the cybernetic model could well be that of the architect’s traditional role in society. Gordon Pask, of course, knew this, and was always able to arbitrate between an object and a model of information.

A completely new, combined HF and VHF communications system has been developed by The Marconi Company, primarily for use in light aircraft and helicopters. This single system, type AD 1400, provides all the communications facilities which are necessary for a wide range of light aircraft.

Loctite Superfast adhesive cures to handling strength in 15min and to ultimate strength in three hours. It hardens without primers, even on passive metals and difficult surfaces. It remains liquid while exposed to air but hardens when confined between metal to metal and many metal to non‐metal surfaces. No pre‐mixing is required, and the adhesives can be used straight from the bottle or, for large scale production, via automatic Loctite applicators.

At the heart of any process of observation there are certain basic things which must happen. These might be analysed in abstract terms, or then again in terms of the quantum physical irreducibles. The paper links between these concerns. It starts by exploring the macroscopic processes which are essential to observation and from there it develops the outline of a path heading towards a continuum based model of quantum mechanics, and in particular, electrodynamics. It exposes attributes which are fundamental to the existence of an observer process, and then explores how the seat of those attributes may be found in the way we set‐up our notion of the basic properties of physical reality. Such a model is offered as a contribution to what is called “second‐order cybernetics”, namely the study of how we go about observing the observer process.