Search results
1 – 2 of 2
The study aimed at developing the bioremediation model of Lapindo mud through multisymbiotic organism.
Abstract
Purpose
The study aimed at developing the bioremediation model of Lapindo mud through multisymbiotic organism.
Design/methodology/approach
The research was conducted using completely randomized design. The model plants chosen in this research were soybean. The interaction pattern during the treatment was used to develop the bioremediation model based on the parameters.
Findings
The results showed that there was an effect of the type of organism on the parameters, namely: the growth of plant (biomass, height, length of root, and number of leaves), the biomass of root nodules, the percentage of mycorrhizal infection, the content of water, nitrogen, phosphorus, and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs). There was a pattern of multisymbiotic interaction between each organism and roles of each symbiont in that interaction. Therefore, the plants were capable of surviving in the environment of Sidoarjo Lapindo mud. This pattern can be named as the bioremediation model proposed, which is the analogy of tripartite symbiosis between plants, mycorrhizae, and Rhizobium but also adding plant growth bacteria such as phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and hydrocarbon degradation bacteria. The implementation of this model can be used to treat oil-contaminated soil in order to be used as a plant growth medium.
Originality/value
Phytoremediation is a new and promising approach to remove contaminants in the environment but using plants alone for remediation confronts many limitations. Therefore, the application of plant-growth-promoting rhizobia (PGPR) has been extended to remediate contaminated soils in association with plants (Zhuang et al., 2007). The development of the model will use the analogy of tripartite symbiosis between plants, mycorrhizae, and Rhizobium. The developed model will be based on the interaction pattern on each parameters obtained. Bioremediation is chosen because it is considered an effective technique to transform toxic components into less toxic products without disrupting the surrounding environment. Besides, bioremediation is cheaper and environment-friendly because it utilizes microorganisms to clean pollutants from the environment (Nugroho, 2006).
Details
Keywords
Sylvia Veronica Siregar and Yanivi Bachtiar
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of board size, foreign ownership, firm size, profitability, and leverage on corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of board size, foreign ownership, firm size, profitability, and leverage on corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting and the possible effect of CSR reporting on a firm's future performance.
Design/methodology/approach
Annual reports were analyzed by content analysis method and multiple regression was used to test hypotheses.
Findings
Evidence was found that board size has a positive and non‐linear (quadratic and concave) relationship with CSR. This result confirms predictions that a larger board will be able to exercise better monitoring, but that too large a board will make the monitoring process ineffective. Firm size has a positive effect on CSR. This suggests that larger firms have more resources to devote to social activities and a larger asset base over which to spread the costs of social responsibility. They also face more pressure to disclose their social activities for various groups in society. Profitability and leverage, however, do not have significant influence. Little evidence was found of positive impact of CSR on future performance. This result could encourage firms to disclose their CSR activities because there seems to be a positive affect on future performance.
Research limitations/implications
The measure of CSR may involve subjective judgement and is only limited to annual reports.
Practical implications
The paper shows that it is important for a company to increase its awareness on corporate social activities and also its disclosure in the annual report.
Originality/value
The paper shows that board size has a positive and non‐linear effect on CSR, which has been rarely examined in previous research.
Details