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The link between openness and innovative performance has been established as an inverted U-shape relationship, namely, the openness-performance connection is not always positive. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the concept of partner heterogeneity to characterize the influence of “quality” changes in partners on innovative performance, that is, the focus of this paper. Given that partner heterogeneity is crucial in explaining open innovative performance, it is also worth placing the examination of this key construct in emerging regions such as China.

The sample selection of this study covers a wide range of industries, but requires that the sample firms be manufacturing enterprises with an open innovation strategy. With opportunities and challenges associated with partner collaboration toward open innovation, the Chinese province of Zhejiang has established its reputation. Thus, empirical data were collected randomly from data pool of Zhejiang Province Economic and Information Commission, as well as a survey questionnaire. Data were using a cross-sectional survey methodology encompassing diverse organizations, industries, and nations.

Empirical testing of this assumption in a sample of 217 manufacturing firms indicates that partner heterogeneities, which are classified as organizational heterogeneity, industry heterogeneity, and national heterogeneity are all positively associated with innovative performance, but the strength of this association is influenced by environmental turbulence. Technological turbulence significantly and positively modulates the relationships of organizational and national heterogeneities with innovative performance. Market turbulence also plays a significant positive role on the relationship between national heterogeneity and innovative performance, while technological and market turbulence roles on the relationship between industry heterogeneity and innovative performance are not confirmed.

This paper refines the connotative dimensions of partner heterogeneity around the core concept of partner heterogeneity in open innovation in the context of emerging region, China. The study presents a systematic, in-depth analysis, and verifies the impact mechanisms of partner heterogeneity in open innovation on innovative performance by integrating the resource-based view, organizational learning theory, and transaction cost theory.

This paper aims at discovering the opportunities and challenges for China's pharmaceutical industry (pharma) in technological, management and products innovation and thinking of the strategies for the industrial development based on thinking for high‐tech to create the future.

The study is primarily based on the literature review, data collection and interviews in varied research institutions, colleges as well as corporations. The literature review pays close attention to pharmaceutical industry and management. And the interviews took place in person, by telephone and via face‐to‐face conversations. By means of studying on the resulting data, this archive develops somewhat policy implications which can probably contribute to renew the competitiveness of China's pharmaceutical industry in innovation.

The critical shortages and the difficulties of China's pharmaceutical industry for development have been deeply discussed in this study, such as outdated healthcare system, controversial intellectual property regulation, and unconfident data system, which can handicap China's innovation.

This paper presents a systematic analysis of China's pharma, through addressing most key aspects, which is committed to driving incentives towards genuine innovation, and to sharing the potential competitive market. The findings of the dynamic health innovation system and the policy implications should be an original comprehensive understanding, all of which might be of interests to China's scholars, government officials and company practicing managers.

The purpose of this paper is to provide strong theoretical and technical support for the dynamic evolution of service system in “Cluster Supply Chain”(CSC), which can deal with two kinds of context changes: the internal service component changes and the external customer requirement changes.

A “feedback-based” evolution mechanism of service system for CSC is proposed in this study. By means of the feedback update of enterprise service’s Quality of Service (QoS) attribute and the adjustment of the assumed QoS evaluation model, the evolution of service system can be achieved to suit the dynamic market demands.

Results of the study suggest: by means of the “feed-back” evolution mechanism of service system, the enterprises in CSC can handle the context changes effectively to maintain the optimized operation status.

The implementation of evolution mechanism in service system can keep the effectiveness of enterprise service composition to face the frequent service component changes and the unpredictable market turbulence.

This paper proposes a method to realize the autonomous evolution of service system in CSC, which can support the flexibility and adaptability of enterprise service composition in the changing environment.